Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures III

Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures III PDF Author: Michael D. Waters
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461336112
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 580

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Book Description
In the four years since the 1978 Symposium on the Application of Short-Term Bioassays in the Fractionation and Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures the use of short-term bioassays to evaluate potential health hazards of complex environmental mixtures has substantially increased. Increased research activity has been particularly noticeable in mobile source emissions, where initial observations on the mutagenic activity of diesel particulate extracts reported at the 1978 symposium stimulated the development of major research programs in government and industry. In the absence of appropriate reference materials, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated comparative genotoxicity studies to determine the relative mutagenic and carcinogenic activity and, ultimately, the potential human health risk due to exposure to various complex emission products. Among the materials investigated were those of known health risk, such as coke oven and roofing tar emissions and cigarette smoke condensates, and those of unknown hazard, such as exhaust from diesel-and gasoline-powered vehicles. Studies on diesel emission products proved useful in short term bioassay development, as the diesel exhaust extracts were genetically active with low cellular toxicity and could be obtained in relatively large quantities. Availability of such samples aided chemical characterization, and it was eventually determined that the nitro-polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons were among the mutagenic components of diesel exhaust particulate.

Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures III

Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures III PDF Author: Michael D. Waters
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461336112
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 580

Get Book Here

Book Description
In the four years since the 1978 Symposium on the Application of Short-Term Bioassays in the Fractionation and Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures the use of short-term bioassays to evaluate potential health hazards of complex environmental mixtures has substantially increased. Increased research activity has been particularly noticeable in mobile source emissions, where initial observations on the mutagenic activity of diesel particulate extracts reported at the 1978 symposium stimulated the development of major research programs in government and industry. In the absence of appropriate reference materials, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated comparative genotoxicity studies to determine the relative mutagenic and carcinogenic activity and, ultimately, the potential human health risk due to exposure to various complex emission products. Among the materials investigated were those of known health risk, such as coke oven and roofing tar emissions and cigarette smoke condensates, and those of unknown hazard, such as exhaust from diesel-and gasoline-powered vehicles. Studies on diesel emission products proved useful in short term bioassay development, as the diesel exhaust extracts were genetically active with low cellular toxicity and could be obtained in relatively large quantities. Availability of such samples aided chemical characterization, and it was eventually determined that the nitro-polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons were among the mutagenic components of diesel exhaust particulate.

Report summaries

Report summaries PDF Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1584

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Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures III

Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures III PDF Author: Michael D Waters
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781461336129
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 608

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EPA-600/8

EPA-600/8 PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 202

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Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures II

Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures II PDF Author: Michael Waters
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468441213
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 508

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Book Description
More than one hundred short-term bioassays are now available for detecting the toxicity, mutagenicity, and potential carcinogenicity of chemicals. These bioassays were developed and validated with individual compounds, and their principal application was perceived to be in evaluating the health hazard of such materials. However, man is rarely exposed to single chemicals; his exposure to hazardous chemicals is more commonly a multifactorial phenomenon. Although chemical analysis can be used to detect known hazardous compounds, it would be a staggering and expensive task to analyze large numbers of samples for all known or suspected hazardous constituents. Furthermore, the biological activity of a complex mixture cannot be reliably predicted from knowledge of its components. On the other hand, bioassays alone cannot tell us which components of complex mixtures are responsible for the biological activity detected. Thus, cost effectiveness and technical feasibility dictate stepwise and perhaps iterative application -of both chemical and biological methods in evaluating the health effects of complex environmental mixtures. Through the coupling of reliable biological detection systems with methods of chemical fractionation and analysis, it is frequently possible to isolate the individual chemical species that show biological activity. Initially, complex mixtures may be separated and bioassayed in carefully defined chemical fractions. The results of such short-term screening bioassays then may be used td guide the course of further fractionation and to determine the need for more stringent and comprehensive biological testing.

Hazard Assessment of Chemicals

Hazard Assessment of Chemicals PDF Author: Jitendra Saxena
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483261867
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 353

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Book Description
Hazard Assessment of Chemicals: Current Developments, Volume 4 serves as a forum for the exposition, evaluation, and analysis of methods, techniques, applications, and approaches in the field of chemical hazard assessment. The text consists of articles tackling subjects in certain areas of chemical hazard assessment. Topics discussed include hazardous substances data bases; field instruments for identifying hazardous materials; water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic life; and the role of environmental chemicals in reproductive failure and teratogenicity. Environmentalists, ecologists, toxicologists, public safety officers and workers, and those concerned with the health effects of chemical agents in the environment will find this book very interesting.

Methods for Genetic Risk Assessment

Methods for Genetic Risk Assessment PDF Author: David Brusick
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1040293905
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 271

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Book Description
Genetic disease contributes to a major portion of our health care costs. While most of the human genetic burden is transmitted from generation to generation, environmental chemicals capable of reacting with germ cell DNA could produce new mutations, resulting in an even greater genetic liability for the next generation. The potential impact of environmental mutagens on the health and viability of other living things is important to consider as well. Methods for Genetic Risk Assessment features contributions from international experts to provide a comprehensive review of the current status of genetic risk assessment. You'll learn about various methods and strategies for when and how to conduct genetic risk assessments on human populations. You will also learn about the potential effects of environmental genotoxins on nonhuman organisms.

Acid Rain Economic Assessment

Acid Rain Economic Assessment PDF Author: Paulette Mandelbaum
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461583535
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 279

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Book Description
This volume, Proceedings of the Conference ACID RAIN: Economic Assessment, is meant to present the areas of agreement which economists have established and the uncertainties which they have discovered in their attempts to use the methodology of economics to better understand the nature of the acid rain issue. Scientific articles about acid rain initially appeared in 1972. The public turned its attention to the issue in the mid-1970s. In April 1979, the first acid rain bill was introduced in the Senate, authored by New York's Senator Daniel P. Moynihan. The bill sought to establish a federal research program dedicated to filling the gaps in understanding of the phenomena of long-range transport of air pollutants and their environmental, health and economic impacts. 'The bill was passed into law in 1980. Since then, tens of bills have been proposed to control emissions of S02 and NO , x thought to be the precursors of acid rain. And yet, in contrast with the pattern set by the majority of environmental issues, where legislation followed very quickly on the heels of public anxiety and involvement, by July 1985 not a single federal acid rain control bill had been passed.

Handbook of Ecotoxicology

Handbook of Ecotoxicology PDF Author: David J. Hoffman
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 142003250X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1316

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Book Description
Completely revised and updated with 18 new chapters, this second edition includes contributions from over 75 international experts. Also, a Technical Review Board reviewed all manuscripts for accuracy and currency. Focusing on toxic substance and how they affect the ecosystems worldwide, the book presents methods for quantifying and measuring ecotoxicological effects in the field and in the lab, as well as methods for estimating, predicting, and modeling in ecotoxicology studies. This is the definitive reference for students, researchers, consultants, and other professionals in the environmental sciences, toxicology, chemistry, biology, and ecology - in academia, industry, and government.

Environmental Health Perspectives

Environmental Health Perspectives PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic journals
Languages : en
Pages : 452

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Book Description