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Author: Paul Hughes
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000457680
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 243
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Book Description
This exciting Greenvill Collins biography is about seventeenth century navigation, focusing for the first time on mathematics practised at sea. This monograph argues the Restoration kings’, Charles II and James II, promotion of cartography for both strategy and trade. It is aimed at the academic, cartographic and larger market of marine enthusiasts. Through shipwreck and Arctic marooning, and Dutch and Spanish charts, Collins evolved a Prime Meridian running through Charles’s capital. After John Ogilby’s successful Britannia, Charles set Collins surveying his kingdom’s coasts, and James set John Adair surveying in Scotland. They triangulated at sea. Subsequently, Collins persuaded James to sustain his dead brother’s ambition. This, the British coast’s first survey took six years. After James’s flight, and William III’s invasion, Collins lead the royal yacht squadron for six years more, garnering funds to publish Great Britain’s Coasting Pilot. The Admiralty and civic institutions subsidised what became his own pilot. Collins aided Royal Society members in their investigations, and his new guide remained vital to navigators through the century following. Charles’s cartographic promotion bloomed the most spectacularly in the atlases of Ogilby, Collins and John Flamsteed for roads, harbours, and stars.
Author: Paul Hughes
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000457680
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 243
Get Book Here
Book Description
This exciting Greenvill Collins biography is about seventeenth century navigation, focusing for the first time on mathematics practised at sea. This monograph argues the Restoration kings’, Charles II and James II, promotion of cartography for both strategy and trade. It is aimed at the academic, cartographic and larger market of marine enthusiasts. Through shipwreck and Arctic marooning, and Dutch and Spanish charts, Collins evolved a Prime Meridian running through Charles’s capital. After John Ogilby’s successful Britannia, Charles set Collins surveying his kingdom’s coasts, and James set John Adair surveying in Scotland. They triangulated at sea. Subsequently, Collins persuaded James to sustain his dead brother’s ambition. This, the British coast’s first survey took six years. After James’s flight, and William III’s invasion, Collins lead the royal yacht squadron for six years more, garnering funds to publish Great Britain’s Coasting Pilot. The Admiralty and civic institutions subsidised what became his own pilot. Collins aided Royal Society members in their investigations, and his new guide remained vital to navigators through the century following. Charles’s cartographic promotion bloomed the most spectacularly in the atlases of Ogilby, Collins and John Flamsteed for roads, harbours, and stars.
Author: Paolo Mancosu
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0195132440
Category : Matematik
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
1. Philosophy of Mathematics and Mathematical Practice in the Early Seventeenth Century p. 8 1.1 The Quaestio de Certitudine Mathematicarum p. 10 1.2 The Quaestio in the Seventeenth Century p. 15 1.3 The Quaestio and Mathematical Practice p. 24 2. Cavalieri's Geometry of Indivisibles and Guldin's Centers of Gravity p. 34 2.1 Magnitudes, Ratios, and the Method of Exhaustion p. 35 2.2 Cavalieri's Two Methods of Indivisibles p. 38 2.3 Guldin's Objections to Cavalieri's Geometry of Indivisibles p. 50 2.4 Guldin's Centrobaryca and Cavalieri's Objections p. 56 3. Descartes' Geometrie p. 65 3.1 Descartes' Geometrie p. 65 3.2 The Algebraization of Mathematics p. 84 4. The Problem of Continuity p. 92 4.1 Motion and Genetic Definitions p. 94 4.2 The "Causal" Theories in Arnauld and Bolzano p. 100 4.3 Proofs by Contradiction from Kant to the Present p. 105 5. Paradoxes of the Infinite p. 118 5.1 Indivisibles and Infinitely Small Quantities p. 119 5.2 The Infinitely Large p. 129 6. Leibniz's Differential Calculus and Its Opponents p. 150 6.1 Leibniz's Nova Methodus and L'Hopital's Analyse des Infiniment Petits p. 151 6.2 Early Debates with Cluver and Nieuwentijt p. 156 6.3 The Foundational Debate in the Paris Academy of Sciences p. 165 Appendix Giuseppe Biancani's De Mathematicarum Natura p. 178 Notes p. 213 References p. 249 Index p. 267.
Author: Lesley B. Cormack
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319494309
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 205
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Book Description
This book argues that we can only understand transformations of nature studies in the Scientific Revolution if we take seriously the interaction between practitioners (those who know by doing) and scholars (those who know by thinking). These are not in opposition, however. Theory and practice are end points on a continuum, with some participants interested only in the practical, others only in the theoretical, and most in the murky intellectual and material world in between. It is this borderland where influence, appropriation, and collaboration have the potential to lead to new methods, new subjects of enquiry, and new social structures of natural philosophy and science. The case for connection between theory and practice can be most persuasively drawn in the area of mathematics, which is the focus of this book. Practical mathematics was a growing field in early modern Europe and these essays are organised into three parts which contribute to the debate about the role of mathematical practice in the Scientific Revolution. First, they demonstrate the variability of the identity of practical mathematicians, and of the practices involved in their activities in early modern Europe. Second, readers are invited to consider what practical mathematics looked like and that although practical mathematical knowledge was transmitted and circulated in a wide variety of ways, participants were able to recognize them all as practical mathematics. Third, the authors show how differences and nuances in practical mathematics typically depended on the different contexts in which it was practiced: social, cultural, political, and economic particularities matter. Historians of science, especially those interested in the Scientific Revolution period and the history of mathematics will find this book and its ground-breaking approach of particular interest.
Author: Domenico Bertoloni Meli
Publisher: JHU Press
ISBN: 9780801884276
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 418
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Book Description
'Bertoloni Meli reexamines such major texts as Galileo's Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences, Descartes' Principles of Philosophy, and Newton's Principia, and in them finds a reliance on objects that has escaped proper understanding. From Pappus of Alexandria to Guidobaldo dal Monte, Bertoloni Meli sees significant developments in the history of mechanical experimentation, all of them crucial for understanding Galileo. Bertoloni Meli uses similarities and tensions between dal Monte and Galileo as a springboard for exploring the revolutionary nature of seventeenth-century mechanics.' (Back cover)
Author: Peter Denley
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191542326
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
Volume XV of History of Universities contains the customary mix of learned articles, book reviews, conference reports, and bibliographical information, which makes this publication such an indispensable tool for the historian of higher education. Its contributions range widely geographically, chronologically, and in subject-matter. The volume is, as always, a lively combination of original research and invaluable reference material.
Author: Elizabethanne A. Boran
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004336656
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
Reading Newton in Early Modern Europe investigates how Sir Isaac Newton’s Principia was read, interpreted and remodelled for a variety of readerships in eighteenth-century Europe. The editors, Mordechai Feingold and Elizabethanne Boran, have brought together papers which explore how, when, where and why the Principia was appropriated by readers in Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, England and Ireland. Particular focus is laid on the methods of transmission of Newtonian ideas via university textbooks and popular works written for educated laymen and women. At the same time, challenges to the Newtonian consensus are explored by writers such as Marius Stan and Catherine Abou-Nemeh who examine Cartesian and Leibnizian responses to the Principia. Eighteenth-century attempts to remodel Newton as a heretic are explored by Feingold, while William R. Newman draws attention to vital new sources highlighting the importance of alchemy to Newton. Contributors are: Catherine Abou-Nemeh, Claudia Addabbo, Elizabethanne Boran, Steffen Ducheyne, Moredechai Feingold, Sarah Hutton, Juan Navarro-Loidi, William R. Newman, Luc Peterschmitt, Anna Marie Roos, Marius Stan, and Gerhard Wiesenfeldt.
Author: Nicholas Tyacke
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780199510146
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 1456
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Book Description
Volume IV of the magisterial History of the University of Oxford covers the seventeenth century, a period when both institutionally and intellectually the University was expanding. Oxford and its University, moreover, had a major role to play in the tumultuous religious and political eventsof the century: the Civil War, the Commonwealth, the Restoration. In this volume, leading experts in several fields combine to present a comprehensive and authoritative analysis and overview of the rich pattern of intellectual, political, and cultural life in seventeenth-century Oxford.
Author: Daniel Garber
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521537216
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 676
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Book Description
Author: David Sepkoski
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 113676867X
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Book Description
What was the basis for the adoption of mathematics as the primary mode of discourse for describing natural events by a large segment of the philosophical community in the seventeenth century? In answering this question, this book demonstrates that a significant group of philosophers shared the belief that there is no necessary correspondence between external reality and objects of human understanding, which they held to include the objects of mathematical and linguistic discourse. The result is a scholarly reliable, but accessible, account of the role of mathematics in the works of (amongst others) Galileo, Kepler, Descartes, Newton, Leibniz, and Berkeley. This impressive volume will benefit scholars interested in the history of philosophy, mathematical philosophy and the history of mathematics.
Author: Steven Shapin
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022614884X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 516
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Book Description
How do we come to trust our knowledge of the world? What are the means by which we distinguish true from false accounts? Why do we credit one observational statement over another? In A Social History of Truth, Shapin engages these universal questions through an elegant recreation of a crucial period in the history of early modern science: the social world of gentlemen-philosophers in seventeenth-century England. Steven Shapin paints a vivid picture of the relations between gentlemanly culture and scientific practice. He argues that problems of credibility in science were practically solved through the codes and conventions of genteel conduct: trust, civility, honor, and integrity. These codes formed, and arguably still form, an important basis for securing reliable knowledge about the natural world. Shapin uses detailed historical narrative to argue about the establishment of factual knowledge both in science and in everyday practice. Accounts of the mores and manners of gentlemen-philosophers are used to illustrate Shapin's broad claim that trust is imperative for constituting every kind of knowledge. Knowledge-making is always a collective enterprise: people have to know whom to trust in order to know something about the natural world.
