Selected Studies on the Epidemiology, Ecology and Control of Bacterial Speck of Tomato Caused by Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Tomato PDF Download
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Author: Douglas Joseph Jardine
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bacterial speck of tomato
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Author: Douglas Joseph Jardine
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bacterial speck of tomato
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Author: Susan Getz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pseudomonas infections
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Author: Pravin Gautam
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3656009481
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 17
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Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Biology - Botany, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, language: English, abstract: Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) is a common pathogen of tomato which causes bacterial speck disease. This disease serves as a useful model for studying the interactions of microbial pathogens and plants. Most gram-negative bacteria, including Pst, have type III secretion system (TTSS). Encoded by hrp gene clusters, the TTSS is used to deliver effector proteins into the host cytosol. The hrp genes also control the expression of the avirulence genes (avr). One Avr protein, AvrPto, functions as ligand to elicit a hypersensitive response (HR) in the tomato plant after recognition by the protein encoded by the host resistance gene, Pto. The AvrPto-Pto interaction is the most widely studied systems. It has been discovered that Pto is linked with Fen, the gene responsible for susceptibility to an organophosphate insecticide, fenthion. Functioning of Pto requires another gene called Prf, which lies embedded in Pto. Though the system is well characterized, several aspects are still not understood. With the availability of completed genome sequence of Pst and the full sequence of tomato expected in the future, we may anticipate that our understanding of the mechanisms of this host-pathogen interaction to be improved.
Author: Nicholas Brian Pyke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pseudomonas syringae
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Author: David Ray Smitley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Author: Emilia G. Briceño-Montero
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Tomato industry
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Abstract: In the fresh tomato industry, it is critical for the produce to be as appealing as possible to the consumer, while in the processing section mechanical peeling should be as smooth as possible. Two established biotic menaces to tomato production in the Midwest are bacterial leaf spot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, X vesicatoria, X perforans and X gardneri, and bacterial speck caused by Pseudomonas syringae van Hall pv. tomato respectively. The diseases directly decrease fruit quality by producing scars and bruises on its surface rendering the tomato fruit unmarketable. Historically, the chemical management of bacterial spot and bacterial speck has included applications of copper-based bactericides and ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicides, however plasmid mediated resistance and growing environmental and public health concerns are rising. The goal of this study was to address such concerns by exploring alternative avenues of control of bacterial spot and speck, including biological control and induction of resistance in tomato plants. The present study was divided into two sub-studies focusing on determining consistent biological control bacterial strains during transplant production, and further evaluation under field tomato production. The effect of twenty- six treatments on reduction of bacterial disease incidence, density, and severity was investigated. Treatments including Pseudomonas syringae Cit7, P. fluorescens B56, BioYield®, Agriphage®, Actigard®, and Kocide 2000® plus Dithane® were applied alone or in compatible combinations on six-week old seedlings of two tomato cultivars, Mountain Spring and DRD8 1 70F 1. Several were identified as promising, including Actigard alone and combined with Kocide 2000® plus Dithane®, BioYield®, and Agriphage®, and Pseudomonas fluorescens B56 alone and combined with Agriphage®. Agriphage® combined with P. syringae Cit7 provided the highest disease severity reduction among the treatments that only included biological control agents. Under field conditions, Agriphage® did not provide bacterial spot disease suppression on foliage and did not reduce fruit disease incidence. Pseudomonas syringae Cit7 applied alone or combined with Agriphage® did not reduce bacterial spot disease severity, although the treatment increased marketable yield and total fruit harvested compared to an untreated control. Actigard® combined with P. syringae Cit7 and alone, decreased bacterial spot and speck disease severity, did not reduce fruit disease incidence, and increased total fruit harvested compared to an untreated control.
Author: Diana Carolina Mazo Molina
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) is a persistent pathogen of tomato that causes bacterial speck disease. On tomato, resistance conferred by the gene Pto is effective against race 0 Pst strains which express the effector proteins AvrPto and/or AvrPtoB; however, race 1 strains of Pst, which do not express AvrPto/AvrPtoB but rather a different repertoire of effectors, evade Pto-mediated resistance. Race 1 strains of Pst are becoming increasingly common, and no simply-inherited genetic resistance to such strains is known. It was discovered that a locus in Solanum lycopersicoides, termed Pseudomonas tomato race 1 (Ptr1), confers resistance to race 1 Pst strains by recognizing the type III effector AvrRpt2. In Arabidopsis and apple, strains of Pst and Erwinia amylovora expressing AvrRpt2 degrade the RIN4 protein, thereby activating RPS2 or Mr5-mediated immunity, respectively. Ptr1 also recognized homologs of AvrRpt2 from diverse bacteria including one in Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum and this correlated with the ability of AvrRpt2 to degrade RIN4. Using site-directed mutagenesis of AvrRpt2, we found that, like RPS2, activation of Ptr1 requires AvrRpt2 proteolytic activity. Ptr1 detection of AvrRpt2 activity suggests it likely encodes an NLR protein or possibly a guardee such as RIN4. Ptr1 was identified by cloning of candidate NLR-encoding genes located in the Ptr1 region and testing using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana glutinosa identified one gene for the ability to activate the plant immune system in response to AvrRpt2 in the presence of tomato Rin4. Interestingly, while overexpression of Ptr1 in N. glutinosa leaves caused localized cell death, co-expression of Ptr1 with tomato Rin4 prevented this cell death. The protein encoded by Ptr1 has little similarity to RPS2 or Mr5, which suggests that Ptr1 is a third example of convergent evolution in different plant species for recognition of AvrRpt2. In summary, the Ptr1 gene has the potential to become an important component (along with Pto) in controlling bacterial speck disease. Further research focused on studying the mechanism of action between Ptr1 and Rin4 may contribute to a better understanding of the recognition of the type III effector AvrRpt2 in tomato.
Author: Cheryl Lynn Trueman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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As alternatives for managing bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst)) and bacterial spot (Xanthomonas gardneri (Xg)) of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the synthetic chemical defense activator, acibenzolar-s-methyl (ASM) combined with the synthetic plant growth regulator (PGR) uniconazole (UNI), the natural chemical defense activator, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), and the putative biological defense activator, B. mycoides/weihenstephanensis R17, were examined. No consistent benefits for bacterial spot and speck control or tomato growth were observed in field experiments from 2011-2013 with the combination of ASM and UNI, whether applied to seedlings (
Author: Carlos Arredondo Rodriguez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Author: Bilal I. Wreikat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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