Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Emissions from Combustion Sources PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Emissions from Combustion Sources PDF full book. Access full book title Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Emissions from Combustion Sources by Marissa A. Miracolo. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Marissa A. Miracolo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Marissa A. Miracolo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Shantanu Hemant Jathar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 34
Get Book Here
Book Description
Organic aerosol is an important fraction of the fine particulate matter present in the atmosphere. This organic aerosol comes from a variety of sources; primary organic aerosol emitted directly from combustion process, and secondary aerosol formed in the atmosphere from condensable vapors. This secondary organic aerosol (SOA) can result from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources. In rural areas of the United States, organic aerosols can be a significant part of the aerosol load in the atmosphere. However, the extent to which gas-phase biogenic emissions contribute to this organic load is poorly understood. Such an understanding is crucial to properly apportion the effect of anthropogenic emissions in these rural areas that are sometimes dominated by biogenic sources. To help gain insight on the effect of biogenic emissions on particle concentrations in rural areas, we have been conducting a field measurement program at the University of California Blodgett Forest Research Facility. The field location includes has been used to acquire an extensive suite of measurements resulting in a rich data set, containing a combination of aerosol, organic, and nitrogenous species concentration and meteorological data with a long time record. The field location was established in 1997 by Allen Goldstein, a professor in the Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management at the University of California at Berkeley to study interactions between the biosphere and the atmosphere. The Goldstein group focuses on measurements of concentrations and whole ecosystem biosphere-atmosphere fluxes for volatile organic compounds (VOC's), oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOC's), ozone, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy. Another important collaborator at the Blodgett field location is Ronald Cohen, a professor in the Chemistry Department at the University of California at Berkeley. At the Blodgett field location, his group his group performs measurements of the concentrations of important gas phase nitrogen compounds. Experiments have been ongoing at the Blodgett field site since the fall of 2000, and have included portions of the summer and fall of 2001, 2002, and 2003. Analysis of both the gas and particle phase data from the year 2000 show that the particle loading at the site correlates with both biogenic precursors emitted in the forest and anthropogenic precursors advected to the site from Sacramento and the Central Valley of California. Thus the particles at the site are affected by biogenic processing of anthropogenic emissions. Size distribution measurements show that the aerosol at the site has a geometric median diameter of approximately 100 nm. On many days, in the early afternoon, growth of nuclei mode particles (
Author: Shang Liu (earth scientist.)
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267621498
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 234
Get Book Here
Book Description
Secondary organic aerosols (SOA), known to form in the atmosphere, are a poorly understood but important component of atmospheric fine particles. This study aims to improve the understanding of the composition, source, and formation mechanism of SOA. Ambient particles were measured at urban centers (Mexico City, Mexico; Bakersfield, US), urban pollution-influenced coastal area (San Diego, US), high-elevation (4010 m) site (Altzomoni; 60 km southeast of Mexico City), and onboard the NCAR C130 flight (over Mexico and the coast of the Gulf of Mexico). Ensemble- and single-particle functional group and mass spectral compositions were analyzed using complementary techniques, mainly including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) coupled with a light scattering module, and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy combined with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (STXM-NEXAFS). The organic mass was found to be dominated by alkane, carboxylic acid, hydroxyl, and nonacid carbonyl groups. By applying factor analysis independently to the FTIR- and AMS-measured organic mass, a variety of sources was consistently identified in the urban plumes, with fossil fuel combustion emission accounting for 60- 90% of the organic mass. Volatile organic compounds emitted by the sources underwent fast oxidation. As a result, SOA contributed to 60- 90% of the organic mass, even in regions close to the sources. The SOA components formed from different precursor hydrocarbons were distinguished, with their mass fraction, diurnal cycle, size, and likely formation pathway discussed. The field studies were facilitated by laboratory reaction chamber studies focusing on organonitrate (ON) groups, which are potentially important photochemical products. It was found that ON groups hydrolyze in aerosol water at a rate of 4 day−1 (corresponds to a lifetime of 6 hours) when relative humidity exceeds 20%, which could explain the lower concentration of ON groups in aerosol particles than model prediction. Overall, the combined field and laboratory studies demonstrate that SOA formation is a dynamic and multivariate process; more work is needed to characterize SOA for quantitative and predictive understanding of the impacts of aerosols.
Author: Jaemeen Baek
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Both long-term and short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been shown to increase the rate of respiratory and cardiovascular illness, premature death, and hospital admissions from respiratory causes. It is important to understand what contributes to ambient PM2.5 level to establish effective regulation, and air quality model can provide guidance based on the best scientific understanding available. However, PM2.5 simulations in air quality models have often found performance less than desirable, particularly for organic carbon levels. Here, some of major shortcomings of current air quality model will be addressed and improved by using CMAQ, receptor models, and regression analysis. Detailed source apportionment of PM2.5 performed using the CMAQ-tracer method suggests that wood combustion and mobile sources are the largest sources of PM2.5, followed by meat cooking and industrial processes. Biases in emission estimates are investigated using tracer species, such as organic molecular markers and trace metals that are used in receptor models. Comparison of simulated and observed tracer species shows some consistent discrepancies, which enables us to quantify biases in emissions and improve CMAQ simulations. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is another topic that is investigated. CMAQ studies on organic aerosol usually underestimate organic carbon with larger than a 50% bias. Formation of aged aerosol from multigenerational semi-volatile organic carbon is added to CMAQ, significantly improving performance of organic aerosol simulations.
Author: Ian Colbeck
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1405139196
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 276
Get Book Here
Book Description
Aerosol particles are ubiquitous in the Earth’s atmosphere and are central to many environmental issues such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion and air quality. In urban environments, aerosol particles can affect human health through their inhalation. Atmospheric aerosols originate from naturally occurring processes, such as volcanic emissions, sea spray and mineral dust emissions, or from anthropogenic activity such as industry and combustion processes. Aerosols present pathways for reactions, transport, and deposition that would not occur in the gas phase alone. Understanding the ways in which aerosols behave, evolve, and exert these effects requires knowledge of their formation and removal mechanism, transport processes, as well as their physical and chemical characteristics. Motivated by climate change and adverse health effects of traffic-related air pollution, aerosol research has intensified over the past couple of decades, and recent scientific advances offer an improved understanding of the mechanisms and factors controlling the chemistry of atmospheric aerosols. Environmental Chemistry of Aerosols brings together the current state of knowledge of aerosol chemistry, with chapters written by international leaders in the field. It will serve as an authoritative and practical reference for scientists studying the Earth’s atmosphere and as an educational and training resource for both postgraduate students and professional atmospheric scientists.
Author: Yinping Zhang
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811676801
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2182
Get Book Here
Book Description
People live in indoor environment about 90% of lifetime and an adult inhales about 15 kg air each day, over 75% of the human body’s daily mass intake (air, food, water). Therefore, indoor air quality (IAQ) is very important to human health. This book provides the basic knowledge of IAQ and highlights the research achievements in the past two decades. It covers the following 12 sections: introduction, indoor air chemicals, indoor air particles, measurement and evaluation, source/sink characteristics, indoor chemistry, human exposure to indoor pollutants, health effects and health risk assessment, IAQ and cognitive performance, standards and guidelines, IAQ control, and air quality in various indoor environments. It provides a combination of an introduction to various aspects on IAQ studies, the current state-of-knowledge, various advances and the perspective of IAQ studies. It will be very helpful for the researchers and technicians in the IAQ and the related fields. It is also useful for experts in other fields and general readers who want to obtain a basic understanding of and research advances in the field of IAQ. A group of experts in IAQ research have been recruited to write the chapters. Their research interests and experience cover the scope of the book. In addition, some experienced experts in IAQ field have been invited as advisors or reviewers to give their comments, suggestions and revisions on the handbook framework and the chapter details. Their contribution guarantees the quality of the book. We are very grateful to them. Last but not least, we express our heartfelt thanks to Prof. Spengler, Harvard University, for writing the foreword of the current Handbook of Indoor Air Quality both as a pioneer scientist who contributed greatly to indoor air science and as an Editor-in-chief of Handbook of Indoor Air Quality 2001, 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. In addition to hard copies, the book is also published online and will be updated by the authors as needed to keep it aligned with current knowledge. These salient features can make the handbook fresh with the research development.
Author: Quentin Gerald James Malloy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerosols
Languages : en
Pages : 414
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Claudio Tomasi
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527336451
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 706
Get Book Here
Book Description
Ein Blick auf die morphologischen, physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von Aerosolen aus den unterschiedlichsten natürlichen und anthropogenen Quellen trägt zum besseren Verständnis der Rolle bei, die Aerosolpartikel bei der Streuung und Absorption kurz- und langwelliger Strahlung spielen. Dieses Fachbuch bietet Informationen, die sonst schwer zu finden sind, und vermittelt ausführlich die Kenntnisse, die erforderlich sind, um die mikrophysikalischen, chemischen und Strahlungsparameter zu charakterisieren, die bei der Wechselwirkung von Sonnen- und Erdstrahlen so überaus wichtig sind. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den indirekten Auswirkungen von Aerosolen auf das Klima im Rahmen des komplexen Systems aus Aerosolen, Wolken und der Atmosphäre. Auch geht es vorrangig um die Wirkungen natürlicher und anthropogener Aerosole auf die Luftqualität und die Umwelt, auf die menschliche Gesundheit und unser kulturelles Erbe. Mit einem durchgängig lösungsorientierten Ansatz werden nicht nur die Probleme und Gefahren dieser Aerosole behandelt, sondern auch praktikable Lösungswege aufgezeigt.
Author: Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080529070
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 993
Get Book Here
Book Description
Here is the most comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of one of the hottest areas of chemical research. The treatment of fundamental kinetics and photochemistry will be highly useful to chemistry students and their instructors at the graduate level, as well as postdoctoral fellows entering this new, exciting, and well-funded field with a Ph.D. in a related discipline (e.g., analytical, organic, or physical chemistry, chemical physics, etc.). Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere provides postgraduate researchers and teachers with a uniquely detailed, comprehensive, and authoritative resource. The text bridges the "gap" between the fundamental chemistry of the earth's atmosphere and "real world" examples of its application to the development of sound scientific risk assessments and associated risk management control strategies for both tropospheric and stratospheric pollutants. - Serves as a graduate textbook and "must have" reference for all atmospheric scientists - Provides more than 5000 references to the literature through the end of 1998 - Presents tables of new actinic flux data for the troposphere and stratospher (0-40km) - Summarizes kinetic and photochemical date for the troposphere and stratosphere - Features problems at the end of most chapters to enhance the book's use in teaching - Includes applications of the OZIPR box model with comprehensive chemistry for student use
