Screening for Low Temperature Stress Tolerance in Maize PDF Download
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Author: Shelly Nicole Shurney
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Maize (Zea mays L.), is considered by many to be one of the most meaningful crops grown in the USA and in many countries around the world. Despite its sub-tropical origins, maize endures many unfavorable conditions effecting growth and development. With a wide genetic background, many desirable cold tolerant traits in maize have been identified, but there are still many more to be discovered. The method of identifying these various mechanisms and traits of cold tolerance is the purpose of my study. Three maize inbred (A619, B73, CO255) lines that all have illustrated various genetic differences were used to determine: electrical conductivity, percent potassium leakage as a result of membrane permeability and dry weight accumulation. Seedlings were grown at 22/24°C until the 4th leaf stage at which time they were transferred to the experimental treatment regime of 8/6°C for 48 hours and 9 hours. After stress treatments regime plants were returned to the control temperature of 22/24°C to recovery until the 5th leaf stage. There were significant differences found among all growth parameters tested. Inbred line B73 was found to have the highest percentage of electrical conductivity when tested at 48 hours of 8/6°C. B73 was also recorded to have the highest amount of potassium leached as a result of treatment regime. When comparing the amount of dry weight accumulation CO255 was the largest of the three inbred lines tested. But when dry weight was compared before and after treatment B73 had the largest amount of growth after recovery from the treatment regime. This suggests that though CO255 was the largest of all the inbred lines tested, B73 had a greater amount of dry weight accumulation after or during recovery. The evaluation of these inbred lines did not allow a definite evaluation of the whole genetic background of the experimental lines tested, but chilling did induce the seedlings to respond in such a way that desirable characteristics could be identified.
Author: Shelly Nicole Shurney
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Maize (Zea mays L.), is considered by many to be one of the most meaningful crops grown in the USA and in many countries around the world. Despite its sub-tropical origins, maize endures many unfavorable conditions effecting growth and development. With a wide genetic background, many desirable cold tolerant traits in maize have been identified, but there are still many more to be discovered. The method of identifying these various mechanisms and traits of cold tolerance is the purpose of my study. Three maize inbred (A619, B73, CO255) lines that all have illustrated various genetic differences were used to determine: electrical conductivity, percent potassium leakage as a result of membrane permeability and dry weight accumulation. Seedlings were grown at 22/24°C until the 4th leaf stage at which time they were transferred to the experimental treatment regime of 8/6°C for 48 hours and 9 hours. After stress treatments regime plants were returned to the control temperature of 22/24°C to recovery until the 5th leaf stage. There were significant differences found among all growth parameters tested. Inbred line B73 was found to have the highest percentage of electrical conductivity when tested at 48 hours of 8/6°C. B73 was also recorded to have the highest amount of potassium leached as a result of treatment regime. When comparing the amount of dry weight accumulation CO255 was the largest of the three inbred lines tested. But when dry weight was compared before and after treatment B73 had the largest amount of growth after recovery from the treatment regime. This suggests that though CO255 was the largest of all the inbred lines tested, B73 had a greater amount of dry weight accumulation after or during recovery. The evaluation of these inbred lines did not allow a definite evaluation of the whole genetic background of the experimental lines tested, but chilling did induce the seedlings to respond in such a way that desirable characteristics could be identified.
Author: Jauhar Ali
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030665305
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 507
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Book Description
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. By 2050, human population is expected to reach 9.7 billion. The demand for increased food production needs to be met from ever reducing resources of land, water and other environmental constraints. Rice remains the staple food source for a majority of the global populations, but especially in Asia where ninety percent of rice is grown and consumed. Climate change continues to impose abiotic and biotic stresses that curtail rice quality and yields. Researchers have been challenged to provide innovative solutions to maintain, or even increase, rice production. Amongst them, the ‘green super rice’ breeding strategy has been successful for leading the development and release of multiple abiotic and biotic stress tolerant rice varieties. Recent advances in plant molecular biology and biotechnologies have led to the identification of stress responsive genes and signaling pathways, which open up new paradigms to augment rice productivity. Accordingly, transcription factors, protein kinases and enzymes for generating protective metabolites and proteins all contribute to an intricate network of events that guard and maintain cellular integrity. In addition, various quantitative trait loci associated with elevated stress tolerance have been cloned, resulting in the detection of novel genes for biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Mechanistic understanding of the genetic basis of traits, such as N and P use, is allowing rice researchers to engineer nutrient-efficient rice varieties, which would result in higher yields with lower inputs. Likewise, the research in micronutrients biosynthesis opens doors to genetic engineering of metabolic pathways to enhance micronutrients production. With third generation sequencing techniques on the horizon, exciting progress can be expected to vastly improve molecular markers for gene-trait associations forecast with increasing accuracy. This book emphasizes on the areas of rice science that attempt to overcome the foremost limitations in rice production. Our intention is to highlight research advances in the fields of physiology, molecular breeding and genetics, with a special focus on increasing productivity, improving biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and nutritional quality of rice.
Author: Muhammad Aslam
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319254421
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 79
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Book Description
This book focuses on early germination, one of maize germplasm most important strategies for adapting to drought-induced stress. Some genotypes have the ability to adapt by either reducing water losses or by increasing water uptake. Drought tolerance is also an adaptive strategy that enables crop plants to maintain their normal physiological processes and deliver higher economical yield despite drought stress. Several processes are involved in conferring drought tolerance in maize: the accumulation of osmolytes or antioxidants, plant growth regulators, stress proteins and water channel proteins, transcription factors and signal transduction pathways. Drought is one of the most detrimental forms of abiotic stress around the world and seriously limits the productivity of agricultural crops. Maize, one of the leading cereal crops in the world, is sensitive to drought stress. Maize harvests are affected by drought stress at different growth stages in different regions. Numerous events in the life of maize crops can be affected by drought stress: germination potential, seedling growth, seedling stand establishment, overall growth and development, pollen and silk development, anthesis silking interval, pollination, and embryo, endosperm and kernel development. Though every maize genotype has the ability to avoid or withstand drought stress, there is a concrete need to improve the level of adaptability to drought stress to address the global issue of food security. The most common biological strategies for improving drought stress resistance include screening available maize germplasm for drought tolerance, conventional breeding strategies, and marker-assisted and genomic-assisted breeding and development of transgenic maize. As a comprehensive understanding of the effects of drought stress, adaptive strategies and potential breeding tools is the prerequisite for any sound breeding plan, this brief addresses these aspects.
Author: Ramanjulu Sunkar
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 1071639730
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 293
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Book Description
Author: Stefania Grillo
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642611753
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 271
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Book Description
The workshop "Genes and their products for tolerance to physical stresses in plants" was held in Maratea, Italy, from 24-27 September 1995. As one of a series of activity launched by the European Science Foundation (ESF) Network "Cell Stress Genes and their Protein Products", the workshop was the only one entirely devoted to research in the plant field. Around one hundred participants from fourteen different countries enjoyed a lively meeting in an atmosphere of sunny Mediterranean weather. A total of twenty-eight speakers from universities and research institutes were invited to present the most recent results of their research. The workshop was divided into eight sessions, namely heat, cold, salt, drought, oxidative stress, light stress, a conclusive session for recommendations and a poster session. The results reported in this workshop broadly showed the rapid progress made in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying basic aspects of the plant response to environmental stresses.
Author: Bidhan Roy
Publisher: New India Publishing
ISBN: 9788189422943
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 578
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Book Description
Abiotic stresses have become an integral part of crop production. One or other persist either in soil, water or in atmosphere. The information in the areas of injury and tolerant mechanisms, variability for tolerance, breeding and biotechnology for improvement of crop plants against abiotic stresses are lying unorganized in different articles of journals and edited books. This information is presented in this book in organized way with up-to-date citations, which will provide comprehensive literatures of recent advances. More emphasis has been given to elaborate the injury and tolerance mechanisms, and development of improved genotypes against stress environments. This book also deals with the plants' symptoms of particular abiotic stress, reclamation of soil and crop/cropping pattern to over come the effect of adverse condition(s). Each has been laid out with systematic approaches to develop abiotic stress tolerant genotypes using biotechnological tools. Use of molecular markers in stress tolerance and development of transgenic also have been detailed. Air pollution and climate change are the hot topic of the days. Thus, the effect of air pollution and climate change on crop plants have been detailed in the final three s of this book. Under abiotic stress, plant produces a large quantity of free radicals (oxidants), which have been elaborated in a separate 'Oxidative Stress'. This book has been divided into seven major parts- physical stress (salt), water stresses (drought and waterlogging), temperature stresses (heat and cold), metal toxicities (aluminium, iron, cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, copper, zinc etc) and non-metal toxicities (boron and arsenic), oxidative stress, and finally atmospheric stresses (air pollution, radiation and climate change). Hope, this book will be of greater use for the students and researchers, particularly Plant Breeders and Biotechnologists as well as the Botanists, to understand the injury and tolerance mechanisms, and subsequently improvement of crop genotypes for abiotic stresses.
Author: Shabir H. Wani
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119432367
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 315
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Book Description
Demystifies the genetic, biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms underlying heat stress tolerance in plants Heat stress—when high temperatures cause irreversible damage to plant function or development—severely impairs the growth and yield of agriculturally important crops. As the global population mounts and temperatures continue to rise, it is crucial to understand the biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms of thermotolerance to develop ‘climate-smart’ crops. Heat Stress Tolerance in Plants provides a holistic, cross-disciplinary survey of the latest science in this important field. Presenting contributions from an international team of plant scientists and researchers, this text examines heat stress, its impact on crop plants, and various mechanisms to modulate tolerance levels. Topics include recent advances in molecular genetic approaches to increasing heat tolerance, the potential role of biochemical and molecular markers in screening germplasm for thermotolerance, and the use of next-generation sequencing to unravel the novel genes associated with defense and metabolite pathways. This insightful book: Places contemporary research on heat stress in plants within the context of global climate change and population growth Includes diverse analyses from physiological, biochemical, molecular, and genetic perspectives Explores various approaches to increasing heat tolerance in crops of high commercial value, such as cotton Discusses the applications of plant genomics in the development of thermotolerant ‘designer crops’ An important contribution to the field, Heat Stress Tolerance in Plants is an invaluable resource for scientists, academics, students, and researchers working in fields of pulse crop biochemistry, physiology, genetics, breeding, and biotechnology.
Author: Yingfang Zhu
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832507182
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
Author: Chittaranjan Kole
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642048099
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
Development of transgenic crop plants, their utilization for improved agriculture, health, ecology and environment and their socio-political impacts are currently important fields in education, research and industries and also of interest to policy makers, social activists and regulatory and funding agencies. This work prepared with a class-room approach on this multidisciplinary subject will fill an existing gap and meet the requirements of such a broad section of readers. Volume 1 with ten chapters contributed by 31 eminent scientists from nine countries deliberates on the basic concepts, strategies and tools for development of transgenic crop plants, including topics such as: explants used for the generation of transgenic plants, gene transfer methods, organelle transformation, selection and screening strategies, expression and stability of transgenes, silencing undesirable genes, transgene integration, biosynthesis and biotransformation and metabolic engineering of pathways and gene discovery.
Author: A. Bhattacharya
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811690375
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 747
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Book Description
This book is a collection of comprehensive reviewed chapters covering major physiological aspects, both production as well as biochemical aspects, of a plant under low temperature stress. Low temperature stress has been dealt in two parts, first between 10 to 00 C and secondly between 0 to -400 C. This book highlights the physiological aspects of plants under low temperature stress and explains the various adaptive measures plants undergo to tolerate low temperature stress. Essential information is provided on germination, growth and development, dry matter accumulation, partitioning and final yield of a crop plant. As physiology deals with morphological and biochemical aspect of all the basic processes, therefore an in depth understanding the major physiological issues in plants under high temperature will help plant breeders to tailor different crop plants with desirable physiological traits to do better under higher temperature. The present book is intended to cover the effects of low temperature stress on the various physiological aspects in plants. Not only in production physiology, this book also deals with major biochemical processes, like photosynthesis, nitrogen and lipid metabolism, mineral nutrition and plant growth hormones. Efforts have been made deal with different measures to mitigate the effects of low temperature stress on plants. This book will be an asset for post graduate students, faculty members, researchers engaged in not only in physiological studies but also agronomy, plant breeding and like subjects. In depth analysis of the major physiological processes in plants under low temperature stress that are presented in this book will help plant breeders for tailoring crops for desirable physiological traits needed to survive and to give better economic return under the threats of low temperature stress. This book is also helpful for policy planners and industries engaged in agribusiness in short term as well as long term gain.
