Helium Atom Scattering from Surfaces PDF Download
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Author: E. Hulpke
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662027747
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 331
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Book Description
High resolution helium atom scattering can be applied to study a number of interesting properties of solid surfaces with great sensitivity and accuracy. This book treats in detail experimental and theoretical aspects ofthis method as well as all current applications in surface science. The individual chapters - all written by experts in the field - are devoted to the investigation of surface structure, defect shapes and concentrations, the interaction potential, collective and localized surface vibrations at low energies, phase transitions and surface diffusion. Over the past decade helium atom scattering has gained widespread recognitionwithin the surface science community. Points in its favour are comprehensiveunderstanding of the scattering theory and the availability of well-tested approximation to the rigorous theory. This book will be invaluable to surface scientists wishing to make an informed judgement on the actual and potential capabilities of this technique and its results.
Author: E. Hulpke
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662027747
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 331
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Book Description
High resolution helium atom scattering can be applied to study a number of interesting properties of solid surfaces with great sensitivity and accuracy. This book treats in detail experimental and theoretical aspects ofthis method as well as all current applications in surface science. The individual chapters - all written by experts in the field - are devoted to the investigation of surface structure, defect shapes and concentrations, the interaction potential, collective and localized surface vibrations at low energies, phase transitions and surface diffusion. Over the past decade helium atom scattering has gained widespread recognitionwithin the surface science community. Points in its favour are comprehensiveunderstanding of the scattering theory and the availability of well-tested approximation to the rigorous theory. This book will be invaluable to surface scientists wishing to make an informed judgement on the actual and potential capabilities of this technique and its results.
Author: Frank O. Goodman
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323154611
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
Dynamics of Gas-Surface Scattering deals with the dynamics of scattering as inferred from known properties of gases and solids. This book discusses measurements of spatial distributions of scattered atomic and molecular streams, and of the energy and momentum which gas particles exchange at solid surfaces. It also considers two regimes of scattering, both of which are associated with a lower range of incident gas energies: the thermal and structure scattering regimes. Comprised of 10 chapters, this book opens with a brief historical overview of the early experiments that investigated the dynamics of scattering of gases by surfaces. The discussion then turns to some elements of the kinetic theory of gases; intermodular potentials and interaction regimes; and classical-mechanical lattice models used in gas-surface scattering theory. The applications of molecular beams to the study of gas-surface scattering phenomena are also described. The remaining chapters focus on experiments and theories on scattering of molecular streams by surfaces of solids, with emphasis on thermal and structure regimes of inelastic scattering; quantum theory of gas-surface scattering; and quantum mechanical scattering phenomena. This text concludes with an analysis of energy exchange processes that may occur when a solid surface is completely immersed in a still gas. This monograph will be a valuable resource for students and practitioners of physics, chemistry, and applied mathematics.
Author: N. Hannay
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461343135
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 501
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Book Description
The last quarter-century has been marked by the extremely rapid growth of the solid-state sciences. They include what is now the largest subfield of physics, and the materials engineering sciences have likewise flourished. And, playing an active role throughout this vast area of science and engineer ing have been very large numbers of chemists. Yet, even though the role of chemistry in the solid-state sciences has been a vital one and the solid-state sciences have, in turn, made enormous contributions to chemical thought, solid-state chemistry has not been recognized by the general body of chemists as a major subfield of chemistry. Solid-state chemistry is not even well defined as to content. Some, for example, would have it include only the quantum chemistry of solids and would reject thermodynamics and phase equilibria; this is nonsense. Solid-state chemistry has many facets, and one of the purposes of this Treatise is to help define the field. Perhaps the most general characteristic of solid-state chemistry, and one which helps differentiate it from solid-state physics, is its focus on the chemical composition and atomic configuration of real solids and on the relationship of composition and structure to the chemical and physical properties of the solid. Real solids are usually extremely complex and exhibit almost infinite variety in their compositional and structural features.
Author: Donald Truhlar
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475717350
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 859
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Book Description
The present volume is concerned with two of the central questions of chemical dynamics. What do we know about the energies of interaction of atoms and molecules with each other and with solid surfaces? How can such interaction energies be used to understand and make quantitative predictions about dynamical processes like scattering, energy transfer, and chemical reactions? It is becoming clearly recognized that the computer is leading to rapid progress in answering these questions. The computer allows probing dynamical mechanisms in fine detail and often allows us to answer questions that cannot be addressed with current experimental techniques. As we enter the 1980's, not only are more powerful and faster computers being used, but techniques and methods have been honed to a state where exciting and reliable data are being generated on a variety of systems at an unprecedented pace. The present volume presents a collection of work that illustrates the capabilities and some of the successes of this kind of computer-assisted research. In a 1978 Chemical Society Report, Frey and Walsh pointed out that "it is extremely doubtful if a calculated energy of activation for any unimolecular decomposition can replace an experimental deter mination. " However they also recorded that they "believe[d] that some of the elaborate calculations being performed at present do suggest that we may be approaching a time when a choice between reaction mechanisms will be helped by such [computational] work.
Author: A.F.G. Wyatt
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468459376
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 583
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Book Description
The study of quantum fluids in three dimensions has been an important area for many years as it embraces Bose-Einstein condensation, superfluidity and macroscopic quantisation. These are fundamental aspects of physics which can be studied in liquid 4He. In contrast, quantum fluids in two dimension is more recent and less developed. Nevertheless it has shown many interesting phenomena including a rich variety of phases and the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. Intermediate between these dimensions are the restricted geometries of micro porous materials into which He may be introduced. The main quantum materials considered are 4He, 3He, D2, H2, H and electrons on the surface of 4He. The superfluid phases of 3He were excluded, e~cept for superfluid film flow, as 3He involves a separate set of problems. These proceedings arise from a lively Advanced Research Workshop on Excitations in Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Quantum Fluids held in Exeter 10-15 August 1990. Fifty scientists took part and each provided a written contribution. Perhaps it is a testimony to the discussions that several papers were revised by the authors after the meeting. The order of the chapters is the same as the presentations at the workshop. This arrangement starts with 4He in three dimensions which establishes a base from which the two dimensional properties can be viewed. At the end of each section there is a report on the discussion session. These are interesting and useful chapters as they clarify points made in the papers and define the boundary of current understanding.
Author: Bernie D. Shizgal
Publisher: AIAA
ISBN: 9781600864117
Category : Rarefied gas dynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 670
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Book Description
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Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080564631
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 385
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Book Description
Advances in Atomic and Molecular Physics
Author: Bretislav Friedrich
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030639630
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 639
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Book Description
This Open Access book gives a comprehensive account of both the history and current achievements of molecular beam research. In 1919, Otto Stern launched the revolutionary molecular beam technique. This technique made it possible to send atoms and molecules with well-defined momentum through vacuum and to measure with high accuracy the deflections they underwent when acted upon by transversal forces. These measurements revealed unforeseen quantum properties of nuclei, atoms, and molecules that became the basis for our current understanding of quantum matter. This volume shows that many key areas of modern physics and chemistry owe their beginnings to the seminal molecular beam work of Otto Stern and his school. Written by internationally recognized experts, the contributions in this volume will help experienced researchers and incoming graduate students alike to keep abreast of current developments in molecular beam research as well as to appreciate the history and evolution of this powerful method and the knowledge it reveals.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerodynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 716
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Book Description
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Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear energy
Languages : en
Pages : 658
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Book Description
