Sampling of Tissues Using Picosecond Infrared Laser (PIRL) for Redox Proteomics PDF Download
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Author: Atef Mannaa
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Languages : en
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Author: Atef Mannaa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Atef Mannaa
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Languages : en
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Author: Refat Nimer
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Languages : en
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Author: Jing Zou
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Languages : en
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A new concept based on the Picosecond Infrared Laser (PIRL) has been introduced to selectively excite water to directly drive ablation of biological tissue faster than any competing energy dissipation process that could damage surrounding tissue. This thesis work showed that this mechanism can be exploited for a new form of spatially resolved mass spectrometry with the prospect of near instant biodiagnostics with mass spectroscopic sensitivity. The ion source for imaging mass spectrometer was based on PIRL ablation with an electrospray pick up source to entrain the ablated species. This hybrid Picosecond Infrared Laser Assisted Electrospray Ionization (PIR-LAESI) showed a limit of detection of 100 nM and a spatial resolution of ~ 100 Îźm, limited only by the current focusing optics. The longitudinal spatial resolution is approximately determined by the absorption depth. At the wavelengths of PIRL pulse, the light is absorbed within a few microns at the ablation threshold, resulting in removal of ~ 4 Îźm thick of material per pulse, which is the size of a single cell. Most importantly no additional treatment was needed as in Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI). Molecular images using PIR-LAESI for both plant and animal tissues could be collected directly and matched to optical images of the same region. The image quality was compared to nanosecond LAESI versions. Smaller crater size with PIR-LAESI was noted with similar molecular image quality, indicating PIR-LAESI a more sensitive approach with higher spatial resolution. The question is how far the sensitivity can be improved. In principle, single protein detections is possible if there is no thermal fragmentation as shown in this work. New direct in vacuum sample presentation to mass spectrometry should enable this ultimate limit to single molecular detection, using an electric field for ion separation. Molecular dynamics simulation on the ablation process driven by PIRL on ionic polymer water solutions revealed the effect of electric field cannot be observed in the early stage of plume expansion but that the polymers stay intact with shedding of the water solvation layers. These results illustrate that selective excitation of the water provides the desired ablation physics.
Author: Parnian Kiani
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Languages : en
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Author: Parnian Kiani
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Mary S. Lipton
Publisher: Humana Press
ISBN: 9781627037969
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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When the last edition of this book was published in 2000, the field of proteomics was in its infancy. At that time, multidimensional liquid chromatographic separations were being introduced as an alternative to traditional gel-based techniques for separating complex protein and peptide mixtures prior to mass spectrometric detection. Today, this approach – referred to as shotgun proteomics – is considered routine for lar- scale global analyses of protein mixtures. Now in its adolescence, proteomics is fundamentally transforming biological and medical research. Much of this transformation can be attributed to technological advancements, particularly in mass spectrometry. Much wider accessibility of hi- resolution and mass measurement accuracy instrumentation in recent years has ini- ated a new revolution in the field by providing more reliable data and shifting the focus from cataloging proteins to precisely quantifying changes in protein abundance over time and in response to stimuli. Advanced mass spectrometers and novel ion d- sociation schemes such as electron transfer/capture dissociation make it possible to venture boldly into the maze of protein posttranslational modifications, which are an integral component of understanding functional proteomics in the spatial and t- poral domains. Another area that has benefited from these advancements is top-down proteomics, an emerging method essential for characterizing various protein variants that has potentially high impact in biomedical research.
Author: Hans-Curt Flemming
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1780407416
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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The Perfect Slime presents the latest state of knowledge and all aspects of the Extracellular Polymeric Substances, (EPS) matrix – from the ecological and health to the antifouling perspectives. The book brings together all the current material in order to expand our understanding of the functions, properties and characteristics of the matrix as well as the possibilities to strengthen or weaken it. The EPS matrix represents the immediate environment in which biofilm organisms live. From their point of view, this matrix has paramount advantages. It allows them to stay together for extended periods and form synergistic microconsortia, it retains extracellular enzymes and turns the matrix into an external digestion system and it is a universal recycling yard, it protects them against desiccation, it allows for intense communication and represents a huge genetic archive. They can remodel their matrix, break free and eventually, they can use it as a nutrient source. The EPS matrix can be considered as one of the emergent properties of biofilms and are a major reason for the success of this form of life. Nevertheless, they have been termed the “black matter of biofilms” for good reasons. First of all: the isolation methods define the results. In most cases, only water soluble EPS components are investigated; insoluble ones such as cellulose or amyloids are much less included. In particular in environmental biofilms with many species, it is difficult to impossible isolate, separate the various EPS molecules they are encased in and to define which species produced which EPS. The regulation and the factors which trigger or inhibit EPS production are still very poorly understood. Furthermore: bacteria are not the only microorganisms to produce EPS. Archaea, Fungi and algae can also form EPS. This book investigates the questions, What is their composition, function, dynamics and regulation? What do they all have in common?
Author: Pierre V. Vignais
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048137675
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Francis BACON, in his Novum Organum, Robert BOYLE, in his Skeptical Chemist and René DESCARTES, in his Discourse on Method; all of these men were witnesses to the th scientific revolution, which, in the 17 century, began to awaken the western world from a long sleep. In each of these works, the author emphasizes the role of the experimental method in exploring the laws of Nature, that is to say, the way in which an experiment is designed, implemented according to tried and tested te- niques, and used as a basis for drawing conclusions that are based only on results, with their margins of error, taking into account contemporary traditions and prejudices. Two centuries later, Claude BERNARD, in his Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine, made a passionate plea for the application of the experimental method when studying the functions of living beings. Twenty-first century Biology, which has been fertilized by highly sophisticated techniques inherited from Physics and Chemistry, blessed with a constantly increasing expertise in the manipulation of the genome, initiated into the mysteries of information techn- ogy, and enriched with the ever-growing fund of basic knowledge, at times appears to have forgotten its roots.
Author: Bindesh Shrestha
Publisher: Humana
ISBN: 9781493998296
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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This volume explores the latest techniques and workflow for the analysis of single cells metabolism. The chapters in this book cover topics such as the development of mass spectrometry-based single cell approaches, Pico-ESI-MS for single-cell metabolomics analysis; laser capture microdissection; ambient single cell metabolite profile (DESI and LAESI); and MALDI-MS methodology, quantum dots for quantitative cytology to study metabolic heterogeneity of single cells. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, the chapters consist of introductions to the topic, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step guidelines, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and authoritative, Single Cell Metabolism: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for any researcher and scientist interested in learning more about this field.
