Author: Shuo Li
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781622600458
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Karen Zhu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Friction test track
Languages : en
Pages : 8

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This paper presents the state-of-the-practice by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) in enhancing the reliability of pavement friction testing with the ASTM Standard E 274-97 [1] locked wheel tester. In order to detect the potential changes in system performance, INDOT conducts weekly and monthly system verification on a special friction test track. A multiparameter method has been used in assessing the performance of the locked wheel tester. This method cross examines the sample mean, the standard deviation, and the coefficient of variations of the friction measurements saved in a dynamic friction database that is upgraded after each verification testing. It was found that the system performance of the locked wheel tester varies with the type of test tire and pavement surface characteristics. The smooth tire produces greater friction variations than the ribbed tire. As pavement surface becomes rougher, friction variations decrease. A realistic approach has been established for verifying system performance.

Author: Edgar de León Izeppi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Friction--Measurement
Languages : en
Pages : 99

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A pavement friction management program (PFMP) should involve both equipment to collect friction and other relevant data as well as processes to analyze friction and crash data to determine possible friction enhancement treatments on sections that warrant it. This project built on previous experience with PFMPs to (1) propose an enhanced methodology for systematically screening a highway network and identifying sections that may warrant a detailed safety investigation and (2) demonstrate that methodology on the Corridors of Statewide Significance (CoSS) in Virginia. This project evaluated 7,000 miles of highway in Virginia. The demonstration collected friction, macrotexture, and geometric data; processed and filtered the data; and conducted a systemic analysis of the network. The analysis investigated the relationship between crashes and friction and other roadway properties, and developed Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) to quantify this relationship. The SPFs were then used in empirical Bayes analyses to estimate crash counts before and after friction enhancement treatment and identify sections with friction deficiencies that may benefit from them. The network-level screening identified 1,709 0.1-mile sections of roadway that can benefit from a friction enhancement treatment and thus may require a detailed safety investigation. The application of the selected friction enhancement treatment to the sections could result in a reduction of up 12,949 crashes (approximately 20% of crashes observed over 3 years) in the network analyzed. The friction enhancement treatments would cost about 4 2 million dollars but could generate potential economic savings over 1 .75 billion dollars. The network-level assessment of the CoSS demonstrated the benefits and practicality of adopting a proactive, systemic pavement friction management approach to screen for sections that may benefit from friction enhancement treatment and warrant a detailed section investigation. The results of the demonstration suggest that the statewide adoption of the methodology can help reduce a significant number of crashes and associated fatalities and injuries. The project surveyed a significant portion of the CoSS, screened the network, and identified many sections in which friction enhancement treatment could result in high potential return on investment. Each district can utilize the data collected in the project to target their detailed safety analyses and design safety improvement projects with collaboration from the Traffic Engineering, Maintenance, and Materials Divisions.

Author: Amir Omar Abd El Halim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 192

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Pavements encompass a significant component of the total civil infrastructure investment. In Ontario, the Ministry of Transportation (MTO) is responsible for the maintenance and construction of approximately 39,000 lane-kilometres of highway. In 2004, the province estimated the value of the total highway system at $39 billion dollars. Thus, managing this asset is an important factor to ensure a high level of service to the traveling public. One of the most important indicators of level of service for a road network is safety. Each year, thousands of motorists across North America are involved in motor vehicle collisions, which result in property damage, congestion, delays, injuries and fatalities. The MTO estimated that in 2002, vehicle collisions in Ontario cost nearly $11 billion. Despite the importance of highway safety, it is usually not considered explicitly in the pavement management framework or maintenance analysis. A number of agencies across North America collect skid data to assess the level of safety at both the project and network level (Li et al, 2004). However, a number of transportation agencies still do not collect friction data as part of their regular pavement data collection programs. This is related to both liability concerns and lack of knowledge for how this data can be effectively used to improve safety. The transportation industry generally relies on information such as collision rates, black-spot locations and radius of curvature to evaluate the level of safety of an alignment (Lamm et al., 1999). These are important factors, but the use of complementary skid data in an organized proactive manner would also be beneficial. In preparation for a considered Long Term Area Maintenance Contract, a project was initiated by the MTO to collect network level friction data across three regions in the Province of Ontario. This project represents the first time friction data was collected at the network level in Ontario. In 2006, approximately 1,800 km of the MTO highway network was surveyed as a part of this study. This research utilized the network level skid data along with collision data to examine the relationships and model the impacts of skid resistance on the level of safety. Despite the value of collecting network level skid data, many Canadian transportation agencies still do not collect network level skid data due to the costs and potential liability associated with the collected data. The safety of highway networks are usually assessed using various levels of service indicators such as Wet-to-Dry accident ratio (W/D), surface friction (SN), or the collision rate (CR). This research focused on developing a framework for assessing the level of safety of a highway network in terms of the risk of collision based on pavement surface friction. The developed safety framework can be used by transportation agencies (federal, state, provincial, municipal, etc.) or the private sector to evaluate the safety of their highway networks and to determine the risk or probability of a collision occurring given the level of friction along the pavement section of interest. As a part of the analysis, a number of factors such as Region, Season of the Year, Environmental Conditions, Road Surface Condition, Collision Severity, Visibility and Roadway Location were all investigated. Statistical analysis and modeling were performed to developed relationships which could relate the total number of collisions or the collision rate (CR) to the level of available pavement friction on a highway section. These models were developed using over 1,200 collisions and skid test results from two Regions in the Province of Ontario. Another component of this study examined the Wet-to-Dry accident ratio and compared it to the Skid Number. A number of Transportation Agencies rely on the Wet-to-Dry accident ratio to identify potential locations with poor skid resistance. The results of the comparison further demonstrated the need and importance of collecting network level skid data. Another component of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various preservation treatments used within the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) study. In addition, modeling was performed which examined the historical friction trends over time within various environment zones across North America to investigate skid resistance deterioration trends. The results of the analysis demonstrated that commonly used preservation treatments can increase skid resistance and improve safety. The cost effectiveness of implementing preservation and maintenance to increase the level of safety of a highway using Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) was evaluated. A Decision Making Framework was developed which included the formulation of a Decision Matrix that can be used to assist in selecting a preservation treatment for a given condition. The results of this analysis demonstrate the savings generated by reducing the number of collisions as a result of increasing skid resistance.

Author: John W. Henault
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pavements
Languages : en
Pages : 76

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Author: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781560517986
Category : Pavements
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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"This guide contains recommendations and guidelines for managing and designing highway pavements for friction. It is designed for use by highway materials, construction, pavement management, safety, design, and research engineers, as well as others concerned with the friction and related surface characteristics of highway pavements. This second edition has been updated to include information on friction testing and safety, including how the risk for both wet and dry crashes increases as pavement friction decreases. This consideration between friction and all crashes is consistent with proactive and systemic approaches to improving safety performance across the roadway network, based on measurable risk and performance characteristics that are part of the Safe Systems approach. The recommendations for pavement friction management programs were also updated to reflect the most current safety concepts, and additional information on alternative friction testing equipment has been added."--Publisher website

Author:
Publisher: AASHTO
ISBN: 1560514280
Category : Pavements
Languages : en
Pages : 87

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This report contains guidelines and recommendations for managing and designing for friction on highway pavements. The contents of this report will be of interest to highway materials, construction, pavement management, safety, design, and research engineers, as well as others concerned with the friction and related surface characteristics of highway pavements.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pavements
Languages : en
Pages : 274

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The overall objectives of this research study may be stated as follows: Determine if surface characteristic measurements can be correlated to wet-pavement crashes in Ohio; Provide improved guidance on the use of ribbed versus smooth tires for pavement surface friction testing in Ohio, including the identification of suggested minimum surface friction numbers associated with each tire type; Provide recommended desirable or target surface friction numbers as a function of site categories and friction demand. Accomplishments of these objectives will help ODOT address their goal of reducing total crashes 10 percent and rear-end crashes by 25 percent by 2015.

Author: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
Publisher: AASHTO
ISBN: 156051423X
Category : Pavements
Languages : en
Pages : 218

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Author: Kumares C. Sinha
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118169662
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 576

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This pioneering text provides a holistic approach to decisionmaking in transportation project development and programming, whichcan help transportation professionals to optimize their investmentchoices. The authors present a proven set of methodologies forevaluating transportation projects that ensures that all costs andimpacts are taken into consideration. The text's logical organization gets readers started with asolid foundation in basic principles and then progressively buildson that foundation. Topics covered include: Developing performance measures for evaluation, estimatingtravel demand, and costing transportation projects Performing an economic efficiency evaluation that accounts forsuch factors as travel time, safety, and vehicle operatingcosts Evaluating a project's impact on economic development and landuse as well as its impact on society and culture Assessing a project's environmental impact, including airquality, noise, ecology, water resources, and aesthetics Evaluating alternative projects on the basis of multipleperformance criteria Programming transportation investments so that resources can beoptimally allocated to meet facility-specific and system-widegoals Each chapter begins with basic definitions and concepts followedby a methodology for impact assessment. Relevant legislation isdiscussed and available software for performing evaluations ispresented. At the end of each chapter, readers are providedresources for detailed investigation of particular topics. Theseinclude Internet sites and publications of international anddomestic agencies and research institutions. The authors alsoprovide a companion Web site that offers updates, data foranalysis, and case histories of project evaluation and decisionmaking. Given that billions of dollars are spent each year ontransportation systems in the United States alone, and that thereis a need for thorough and rational evaluation and decision makingfor cost-effective system preservation and improvement, this textshould be on the desks of all transportation planners, engineers,and educators. With exercises in every chapter, this text is anideal coursebook for the subject of transportation systems analysisand evaluation.