Role of Atmosphere-ocean Interaction in the Midlatitude North Atlantic on Interannual Climate Variability PDF Download
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Author: Uma S. Bhatt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
Author: Uma S. Bhatt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
Author: Chunzai Wang
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 426
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Book Description
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 147. It is more than 30 years since the publication of Jacob Bjerknes' groundbreaking ideas made clear the importance of ocean-atmosphere interaction in the tropics. It is now more than 20 years since the arrival of a massive El Niño in the fall of 1982 set off a cascade of observational and theoretical studies. During the following decades, the climate research community has made exceptional progress in refining our capacity to observe earth's climate and theorize about it, including new satellite-based and in situ monitoring systems and coupled ocean-atmosphere predictive numerical models. Of equal importance. is the expanding scope ofresearch, which now reaches far beyond the Pacific El Niño and includes climate phenomena in other ocean basins. In order to cover the now global context of ocean-atmosphere interaction we have organized this monograph around five principal themes, each introduced by one or more broad overview papers. Theme I covers interaction and climate variability in the Pacific sector, with extensive discussion of El Niño-Southern Oscillation, and with the possible causes and consequences of variability on both shorter and longer timescales. Theme II is devoted to interaction in the Atlantic sector. This basin exhibits complex behavior, reflecting its geographic location between two major zones of convection as well as neighboring the tropical Pacific. Theme III reviews the recent, exciting progress in our understanding of climate variability in the Indian sector. Theme IV addresses the interaction between the tropics and the extratropics, which are linked through the presence of shallow meridional overturning cells in the ocean. Finally, Theme V discusses overarching issues of cross-basin interaction.
Author: Carlos R. Mechoso
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108492703
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 359
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Book Description
A comprehensive review of interactions between the climates of different ocean basins and their key contributions to global climate variability and change. Providing essential theory and discussing outstanding examples as well as impacts on monsoons, it a useful resource for graduate students and researchers in the atmospheric and ocean sciences.
Author: Yuan Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric circulation
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
Author: Carlos R. Mechoso
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108650872
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 359
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Book Description
Climate variability in different ocean basins can impact one another, for instance the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean has remote effects on other tropical oceans around the world, which in turn modulate ENSO. With chapters by eminent researchers, this book provides a comprehensive review on how interactions among the climates in different ocean basins are key contributors to global climate variability. It discusses how interbasin interactions are mediated by oceanic and atmospheric bridges and explains exciting new possibilities for enhancing climate prediction globally. The first part of the book covers essential theory and introduces the basic mechanisms for remote connection and local amplification. The second presents outstanding examples. The latter part discusses applications to cases of societal interest such as impacts on monsoon systems and expectations after climate change. This comprehensive reference is a useful resource for graduate students and researchers in the atmospheric and ocean sciences.
Author: Ayako Yamamoto
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"The swift western boundary currents (WBCs) of the subtropical oceans transport heat that can influence sea surface temperatures (SST) and climate variability. They also transport tracers that influence subtropical biogeochemistry. This thesis studies the influence of North Atlantic SST variability, often presumed to be driven by WBC (i.e. Gulf Stream) heat transport anomalies, on atmospheric variability. It also compares the fluxes of heat and biogeochemical tracers across the Gulf Stream to fluxes across all other boundaries of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre, and their counterparts in the North Pacific. The first chapter assesses the relative roles of the atmosphere and ocean in setting interannual wintertime western European temperature variability. The surface air-sea turbulent fluxes are computed along atmospheric Lagrangian trajectories traced backward in time from four western European cities which are reconstructed with an atmospheric dispersion model driven by a reanalysis data set. The change in potential temperature along the trajectories and the surface turbulent fluxes showed a high degree of correlation, highlighting the key role of air-sea interaction in setting the wintertime western European temperature. The idealised experiments revealed that knowledge of atmospheric pathway variability alone is sufficient for characterizing much of the interannual wintertime temperature variability in western Europe, while SST variability plays a crucial role on longer time scales. Given the important role for oceanic variability in setting the air-sea turbulent heat fluxes for parcels en route to Europe on decadal and longer time scales, it is expect that a well-known multidecadal ocillation in North Atlantic average SST called Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) would leave an imprint on European climate. It is therefore surprising that such an imprint is absent in European wintertime air temperatures. In the second chapter, the cause of this missing AMO imprint is investigated using the same Lagrangian approach as the previous chapter. The result suggests that differences in the pathways Lagrangian particles take to Europe between the two AMO phases suppress the expected fluctuations in air-sea heat exchange accumulated along those trajectories. Since AMO is partly driven by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), the atmosphere's dynamical adjustment to this mode of variability may provide a possible stabilizing feedback on the AMOC. The final chapter of this thesis addresses the transport across WBCs of both the North Pacific and North Atlantic. Lateral transport into the subtropical gyres may play a crucial role in providing the nutrients that fuel primary productivity, the heat that helps restratify the surface mixed layer, and the dissolved inorganic carbon that influences air-sea gas exchange. In this chapter, I quantitatively assess the physical mechanisms that control the transport of heat, nutrients and carbon across the North Pacific and North Atlantic subtropical gyre boundaries in the eddying ocean component of a climate model coupled to a simplified biogeochemical model. The results suggest that the transport of mass and tracers into the gyre occurs principally across the Kuroshio and the Gulf Stream, mainly due to advection by the time-mean current, with eddies acting to remove the tracer transport into the gyres. The notable exception is in the supply of nutrients to the subtropical gyres, carried mainly by eddying motions across the Kuroshio and the Gulf Stream. The large lateral transports of the tracers into the subtropical gyres have important implications for primary productivity and, possibly, climate variability at mid-latitudes." --
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309444640
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Many factors contribute to variability in Earth's climate on a range of timescales, from seasons to decades. Natural climate variability arises from two different sources: (1) internal variability from interactions among components of the climate system, for example, between the ocean and the atmosphere, and (2) natural external forcings, such as variations in the amount of radiation from the Sun. External forcings on the climate system also arise from some human activities, such as the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols. The climate that we experience is a combination of all of these factors. Understanding climate variability on the decadal timescale is important to decision-making. Planners and policy makers want information about decadal variability in order to make decisions in a range of sectors, including for infrastructure, water resources, agriculture, and energy. In September 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to examine variability in Earth's climate on decadal timescales, defined as 10 to 30 years. During the workshop, ocean and climate scientists reviewed the state of the science of decadal climate variability and its relationship to rates of human-caused global warming, and they explored opportunities for improvement in modeling and observations and assessing knowledge gaps. Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Author: William Allan Perrie
Publisher: WIT Press
ISBN: 1853129291
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
The increase in levels of population and human development in coastal areas has led to a greater importance of understanding atmosphere-ocean interactions. This second volume on atmosphere-ocean interactions aims to present several of the key mechanisms that are important for the development of marine storms.
Author: Ben P. Kirtman
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128058730
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 49
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Book Description
This chapter summarizes the scientific basis for and the current status of seasonal-to-interannual prediction with particular emphasis on the role of the tropical oceans. The first part of the chapter focuses on oceanic sources of predictability in the tropical Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. Seasonal-to-interannual predictability issues in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics are also discussed. Mechanisms that limit predictability, particularly for ENSO, are highlighted. The second part of the chapter describes the forecast quality and procedures in practice today. Finally, the concluding remarks identify some outstanding challenges.
Author: J. Shukla
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 550
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Book Description
It has been known for some time that the behavior of the short-term fluctuations of the earth's atmosphere resembles that of a chaotic non-linear dynamical system, and that the day-to-day weather cannot be predicted beyond a few weeks. However, it has also been found that the interactions of the atmosphere with the underlying oceans and the land surfaces can produce fluctuations whose time scales are much longer than the limits of deterministic prediction of weather. It is, therefore, natural to ask whether it is possible that the seasonal and longer time averages of climate fluctuations can be predicted with sufficient skill to be beneficial for social and economic applications, even though the details of the day-to-day weather cannot be predicted beyond a few weeks. The main objective of the workshop was to address this question by assessing the current state of knowledge on predictability of seasonal and interannual climate variability and to investigate various possibilities for its prediction.
