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Author: W. O'Reilly
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468484680
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 231
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Book Description
The past two decades have witnessed a revolution in the earth sciences. The quantitative, instrument-based measurements and physical models of. geophysics, together with advances in technology, have radically transformed the way in which the Earth, and especially its crust, is described. The study of the magnetism of the rocks of the Earth's crust has played a major part in this transformation. Rocks, or more specifically their constituent magnetic minerals, can be regarded as a measuring instrument provided by nature, which can be employed in the service of the earth sciences. Thus magnetic minerals are a recording magnetometer; a goniometer or protractor, recording the directions of flows, fields and forces; a clock; a recording thermometer; a position recorder; astrain gauge; an instrument for geo logical surveying; a tracer in climatology and hydrology; a tool in petrology. No instrument is linear, or free from noise and systematic errors, and the performance of nature's instrument must be assessed and certified. This has been the task of the research worker in rock and mineral magnetism.
Author: W. O'Reilly
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468484680
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 231
Get Book Here
Book Description
The past two decades have witnessed a revolution in the earth sciences. The quantitative, instrument-based measurements and physical models of. geophysics, together with advances in technology, have radically transformed the way in which the Earth, and especially its crust, is described. The study of the magnetism of the rocks of the Earth's crust has played a major part in this transformation. Rocks, or more specifically their constituent magnetic minerals, can be regarded as a measuring instrument provided by nature, which can be employed in the service of the earth sciences. Thus magnetic minerals are a recording magnetometer; a goniometer or protractor, recording the directions of flows, fields and forces; a clock; a recording thermometer; a position recorder; astrain gauge; an instrument for geo logical surveying; a tracer in climatology and hydrology; a tool in petrology. No instrument is linear, or free from noise and systematic errors, and the performance of nature's instrument must be assessed and certified. This has been the task of the research worker in rock and mineral magnetism.
Author: D. Collinson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401539790
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 515
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Book Description
During the last 30 years the study of the magnetic properties of rocks and minerals has substantially contributed to several fields of science. Perhaps the best known and most significant advances have resulted from the study of palaeomagnetism, which led to quantitative confirmation of continental drift and polar wandering through interpretation of the direction of remanent magnetism observed in rocks of different ages from different continents. Palaeomagnetism has also, through observations of reversals of magnetiz ation, ancient secular variation and ancient field intensities provided data relevant to the origin of the geomagnetic field, and other investigations have contributed significantly to large-scale and local geological studies, the dating of archaeological events and artefacts and more recently to lunar and meteoritic studies. Rock and mineral magnetism has proved to be an interesting study in its own right through the complex magnetic properties and interactions observed in the iron-titanium oxide and iron sulphide minerals, as well as contributing to our understanding of remanent magnetism and magnetization processes in rocks. Simultaneous with the development of these studies has been the develop ment of instruments and techniques for the wide range of investigations involved.
Author: Francis Birch
Publisher: Geological Society of America
ISBN: 0813720362
Category : Chemistry, Physical and theoretical
Languages : en
Pages : 339
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Book Description
Author: David J. Dunlop
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521000987
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 600
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Book Description
This book is a comprehensive treatment of fine particle magnetism and the magnetic properties of rocks. Starting from atomic magnetism and magneotistic principles, the authors explain why domains and micromagnetic structures form in ferrmagnetic crystals and how these lead to magnetic memory in the form of thermal, chemical and other remanent magnetizations. This book will be of value to graduate students and researchers in geophysics and geology, particularly in palemagnetism and rock magnetism, as well as physicists and electrical engineers interested in fine-particle magnetism and magnetic recording.
Author: D.E. James
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0442243669
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1299
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Book Description
Consisting of more than 150 articles written by leading experts, this authoritative reference encompasses the entire field of solid-earth geophysics. It describes in detail the state of current knowledge, including advanced instrumentation and techniques, and focuses on important areas of exploration geophysics. It also offers clear and complete coverage of seismology, geodesy, gravimetry, magnetotellurics and related areas in the adjacent disciplines of physics, geology, oceanography and space science.
Author: D. Tarling
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780412498800
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
This book provides the background, physical instrumentation and geological aspects behind any study of the magnetic anisotropy of a rock in a comprehensive and practical way. After studying this book, readers in the geosciences will be encouraged to use this simple, rapid and inexpensive technique in their studies of rocks.
Author: Meil D. Opdyke
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080535720
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 361
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Book Description
Magnetic Stratigraphy is the most comprehensive book written in the English language on the subject of magnetic polarity stratigraphy and time scales. This volume presents the entirety of the known geomagneticrecord, which now extends back about 300 million years. The book includes the results of current research on sea floor spreading, magnetic stratigraphy of the Pliocene and Pleistocene, and postulations on the Paleozoic. Also included are both historicalbackground and applications of magnetostratigraphy. Individual chapters on correlation are presented, using changes in magnetic properties and secular variation.Key Features* Discusses pioneering work in the use of marine sediments to investigate the Earths magnetic field* Serves as a guide for students wishing to begin studies in magnetostratigraphy* Provides a comprehensive guide to magnetic polarity stratigraphy including up-to-date geomagnetic polarity time scales* Correlates magnetic stratigraphics from marine and non-marine Cenozoic sequences* Details reversal history of the magnetic field for the last 350 million years* Discusses correlation using magnetic dipole intensity changes* Up-to-date correlation of biostratigraphy with magnetic stratigraphy through the late Jurassic
Author: Mark Evans
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080505783
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
Magnetism is important in environmental studies for several reasons, the two most fundamental being that most substances exhibit some form of magnetic behavior, and that iron is one of the most common elements in the Earth's crust. Once sequestered in a suitable material, magnetic particles constitute a natural archive of conditions existing in former times. Magnetism provides a tracer of paleo-climatic and paleo-environmental conditions and processes.Environmental Magnetism details the occurrence and uses of magnetic materials in the natural environment. The first half of the volume describes the basic principles. The second half discusses the applications of magnetic measurements in various environmental settings on land, in lakes, in the ocean, and even various biological organisms.* Material is broadly applicable to environmental studies* Case histories illustrate key points* Extensive bibliography makes further research quick and easy
Author: A. S. Marfunin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642785239
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 570
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Book Description
All existing introductory reviews of mineralogy are written accord ing to the same algorithm, sometimes called the "Dana System of Mineralogy". Even modern advanced handbooks, which are cer tainly necessary, include basic data on minerals and are essentially descriptive. When basic information on the chemistry, structure, optical and physical properties, distinguished features and para genesis of 200-400 minerals is presented, then there is practically no further space available to include new ideas and concepts based on recent mineral studies. A possible solution to this dilemma would be to present a book beginning where introductory textbooks end for those already famil iar with the elementary concepts. Such a volume would be tailored to specialists in all fields of science and industry, interested in the most recent results in mineralogy. This approach may be called Advanced Mineralogy. Here, an attempt has been made to survey the current possibilities and aims in mineral matter investigations, including the main characteristics of all the methods, the most important problems and topics of mineral ogy, and related studies. The individual volumes are composed of short, condensed chap ters. Each chapter presents in a complete, albeit condensed, form specific problems, methods, theories, and directions of investigations, and estimates their importance and strategic position in science and industry.
Author: I.D. Mayergoyz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461230284
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 225
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Book Description
The purpose of this book is to describe in sufficient detail the mathematical models of hysteresis nonlinearities with "nonlocal memories. " The distinct feature of these nonlinearities is that their future states depend on past histories of input variations. It turns out that memories of hysteresis nonlinearities are quite selective. Indeed, experiments show that only some past input extrema (not the entire input variations) leave their marks upon future states of hysteresis nonlinearities. Thus, special mathematical tools are needed to describe nonlocal selective memories of hysteresis nonlinearities. The origin of such tools can be traced back to the landmark paper of Preisach. The book is primarily concerned with Preisach-type models of hysteresis. All these models have a common generic feature; they are constructed as superposi tions of simplest hysteresis nonlinearities-rectangular loops. The discussion is by and large centered around the following topics: various generalizations and extensions of the classical Preisach model (with special emphasis on vector generalizations), finding of necessary and sufficient conditions for the represen tation of actual hysteresis nonlinearities by various Preisach-type models, solution of identification problems for these models, and numerical implementa tion and experimental testing of Preisach-type models. Although the study of Preisach-type models constitutes the main subject of the book, some effort is also made to establish some interesting connections between these models and such topics as the critical state model for superconducting hysteresis, the classi cal Stoner-Wohlfarth model for vector magnetic hysteresis, thermal activation type models for viscosity, magnetostrictive hysteresis and neural networks.
