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Author: Zhuoran Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the standard clinical treatment for infertility, which is a growing global health issue with psychological, social, and economic implications. DNA fragmentation of the sperm used in IVF treatments deterministically lowers the fertilization rate, causes embryo arrest in development, increases the miscarriage rate, and results in genetic disorders in the offspring. Current clinical practice of sperm selection either destroys the sperm for invasive DNA assessment or assumes that sperm motility and morphology are correlated with sperm DNA integrity. However, this correlation has never been proved due to the lack of single-cell manipulation and characterization techniques. Targeting non-invasive selection of high DNA integrity sperm, this thesis focuses on (1) developing enabling robotic manipulation techniques for pick-place of single sperm for subsequent DNA analysis, and (2) establishing, for the first time, the correlation between sperm motility and morphology parameters and the same sperm's DNA integrity. Closed-loop visual servo control algorithms were developed to adjust sperm position and orientation, based on which robotic immobilization of motile sperm were achieved via two approaches: tapping the sperm tail with a micropipette or firing laser pulses to ablate the motor proteins on the sperm tail. Computer vision algorithms were also developed to non-invasively measure sperm motility and morphology parameters in real-time. The same sperm, with its motility and morphology characteristics recorded, was transferred for DNA integrity analysis. These robotic techniques not only free human from tedious labor operation, but also bring state of the art population-based sperm analysis to the single-cell level. Experimental results confirmed the long-hypothesized correlation that sperm with normal motility and normal morphology have low DNA fragmentation. Finally, based on the established correlation, a set of quantitative criteria was formulated for automated, objective, and non-invasive selection of sperm with high DNA integrity.
Author: Zhuoran Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the standard clinical treatment for infertility, which is a growing global health issue with psychological, social, and economic implications. DNA fragmentation of the sperm used in IVF treatments deterministically lowers the fertilization rate, causes embryo arrest in development, increases the miscarriage rate, and results in genetic disorders in the offspring. Current clinical practice of sperm selection either destroys the sperm for invasive DNA assessment or assumes that sperm motility and morphology are correlated with sperm DNA integrity. However, this correlation has never been proved due to the lack of single-cell manipulation and characterization techniques. Targeting non-invasive selection of high DNA integrity sperm, this thesis focuses on (1) developing enabling robotic manipulation techniques for pick-place of single sperm for subsequent DNA analysis, and (2) establishing, for the first time, the correlation between sperm motility and morphology parameters and the same sperm's DNA integrity. Closed-loop visual servo control algorithms were developed to adjust sperm position and orientation, based on which robotic immobilization of motile sperm were achieved via two approaches: tapping the sperm tail with a micropipette or firing laser pulses to ablate the motor proteins on the sperm tail. Computer vision algorithms were also developed to non-invasively measure sperm motility and morphology parameters in real-time. The same sperm, with its motility and morphology characteristics recorded, was transferred for DNA integrity analysis. These robotic techniques not only free human from tedious labor operation, but also bring state of the art population-based sperm analysis to the single-cell level. Experimental results confirmed the long-hypothesized correlation that sperm with normal motility and normal morphology have low DNA fragmentation. Finally, based on the established correlation, a set of quantitative criteria was formulated for automated, objective, and non-invasive selection of sperm with high DNA integrity.
Author: Jun Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Heterogeneity is the hallmark of cell biology. Robotic system and automated methods are required for characterization and manipulation of a large number of single cells for many important applications, such as characterizing cell-cell communication for screening drug effects, processing oocytes or embryos for cryopreservation, and analyzing sperm locomotion behavior for selection of a high-quality sperm for in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, current robotic characterization and manipulation systems have two major limitations in search-and-locating end-effector tips and determination of relative Z position between end-effector tips and single cells. This research has addressed these two limitations by developing an auto-locating end-effector tip method and two vision-based contact detection algorithms. By integrating the two new solutions, I have built two robotic system prototypes for microinjection of a large number of adherent cells and automatically processing oocytes or embryos for vitrification. The robotic microinjection system enabled automated gap junction measurement for repurposing antiarrhythmic drugs to identify optimal treatments for cardiac arrhythmias by assessing each drugâ s efficacy on rescuing/enhancing gap junctions. Robotic vitrification relieves human operators from tedious and difficult manual steps, eliminating operator errors and inconsistencies. It also offers unparalleled timing control based on real-time embryo volume monitoring. Automation enables the system to process multiple oocytes/embryos with high efficiency. In addition, automated methods were developed to quantitatively analyze sperm locomotion behaviors by tracking both sperm head and tail. Experimental results on automated sperm analysis revealed a significant correlation between sperm head velocity and tail beating amplitude. By combining automated sperm motility analysis with DNA assessment technique, this research offers a new solution for identifying single sperms of high quality for IVF applications. In the end, this research also reviewed future research directions in microsystems and nanoengineering for intracellular measurement and manipulations and discussed the promising research for the intracellular study.
Author: Changsheng Dai
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Infertility is a global health issue and affects millions of people. ICSI is the most commonly used technique for infertility treatment, and it achieved higher live birth rate than artificial insemination. ICSI involves the injection of a single sperm into an oocyte with a sharp glass micropipette. However, manual operation of ICSI suffers from inconsistency and potential damage to the cells. This research has addressed these two limitations by developing techniques of automation and less invasiveness for ICSI. Automated system was developed for measuring both motility and morphology of individual live sperm, to provide quantitative data for embryologists to select a single sperm for ICSI. The system has been validated to be highly reproducible and reliable. With customized design to add rotational degree of freedom, robotic micropipette alignment was developed based on kinematics modeling and controller design. The accurate alignment helped increase the success rate of sperm immobilization. Automated sperm aspiration was also proposed by establishing a nonlinear dynamics model and an adaptive controller to achieve high positioning accuracy within micropipette. To reduce cell damage during ICSI operation, robotic orientation control of deformable cells was developed. Polar body needs to be rotated towards 12 o'clock orientation before injection to prevent damaging the spindle. Deep neural networks were trained for robust detection of polar bodies to provide visual feedback. By force modeling and optimal control, an oocyte can be effectively rotated while consistently maintaining minimal cell deformation to avoid cell damage. Oocytes also suffer large deformation during injection, and cytoplasm needs to be aspirated into the micropipette to break oolemma. A new piezo drill was designed to penetrate the oocyte with less deformation and without cytoplasm aspiration. Robotic techniques were also developed to minimize the disturbance of piezo drill to cytoplasm. These techniques of robotic cell manipulation for clinical ICSI can achieve consistent outcomes independent of operator training and experience, increase operation safety by removal of human errors, and improve outcomes by reducing cell damage.
Author: Alice D. Domar
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 110879677X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 189
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Book Description
An essential resource for reproduction professionals wishing to understand patient-centered advanced technologies now and in the future.
Author: Zsolt Peter Nagy
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441917802
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 684
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Book Description
The Practical Manual of In Vitro Fertilization: Advanced Methods and Novel Devices is a unique, accessible title that provides a complete review of the most well-established and current diagnostic and treatment techniques comprising in vitro fertilization. Throughout the chapters, a uniform structure is employed, including a brief abstract, a keyword glossary, a step-by-step protocol of the laboratory procedures, several pages of expert commentary, key issues of clinical concern, and a list of references. The result is a readily accessible, high quality reference guide for reproductive endocrinologists, urologists, embryologists, biologists and research scientists. The Manual also offers an excellent description of novel procedures that will likely be employed in the near future. An indispensable resource for physicians and basic scientists, the Practical Manual of In Vitro Fertilization: Advanced Methods and Novel Devices is an invaluable reference and addition to the literature.
Author: Gianpiero D. Palermo
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108743838
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 175
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Book Description
"Not everything in medical science has a clear beginning. The first realization of infertility and putative remedies remain shrouded in contextual history, but likely goes back to the dawn of our species, well before there was a written record. Childlessness was, and is still, considered a burden in some communities"--
Author: Changsheng Dai
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323952143
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Book Description
Robotics for Cell Manipulation and Characterization provides fundamental principles underpinning robotic cell manipulation and characterization, state-of-the-art technical advances in micro/nano robotics, new discoveries of cell biology enabled by robotic systems, and their applications in clinical diagnosis and treatment. This book covers several areas, including robotics, control, computer vision, biomedical engineering and life sciences using understandable figures and tables to enhance readers’ comprehension and pinpoint challenges and opportunities for biological and biomedical research. Focuses on, and comprehensively covers, robotics for cell manipulation and characterization Highlights recent advances in cell biology and disease treatment enabled by robotic cell manipulation and characterization Provides insightful outlooks on future challenges and opportunities
Author: Sarah Franklin
Publisher: Duke University Press
ISBN: 0822378256
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 375
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Book Description
Thirty-five years after its initial success as a form of technologically assisted human reproduction, and five million miracle babies later, in vitro fertilization (IVF) has become a routine procedure worldwide. In Biological Relatives, Sarah Franklin explores how the normalization of IVF has changed how both technology and biology are understood. Drawing on anthropology, feminist theory, and science studies, Franklin charts the evolution of IVF from an experimental research technique into a global technological platform used for a wide variety of applications, including genetic diagnosis, livestock breeding, cloning, and stem cell research. She contends that despite its ubiquity, IVF remains a highly paradoxical technology that confirms the relative and contingent nature of biology while creating new biological relatives. Using IVF as a lens, Franklin presents a bold and lucid thesis linking technologies of gender and sex to reproductive biomedicine, contemporary bioinnovation, and the future of kinship.
Author: Patrick Quinn
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139917358
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 307
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Book Description
This volume describes culture media and solutions used in human ART; how they have been developed for in vitro human pre-implantation embryo development, the function and importance of the various components in media and solutions and how they interact, and how the systems in which these are used can influence outcomes. Chapters discuss inorganic solutes, energy substrates, amino acids, macromolecules, cytokines, growth factors, buffers, pH, osmolality, and the interaction of these parameters. The role of incubators and other physical factors are reviewed, along with the relevance and prospects of emerging technologies: morphokinetic analysis using time-lapse imaging and dynamic fluid incubation systems. Results of prospective randomized trials are emphasized to ascertain the added value of these techniques for selecting viable embryos. This comprehensive guide will be invaluable for embryologists, physicians and all personnel involved in the fluid products used in human ART seeking to optimize their successful use of these components.
Author: Dong Sun
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323852602
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 548
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Book Description
Robotic Cell Manipulation introduces up-to-date research to realize this new theme of medical robotics. The book is organized in three levels: operation tools (e.g., optical tweezers, microneedles, dielectrophoresis, electromagnetic devices, and microfluidic chips), manipulation types (e.g., microinjection, transportation, rotation fusion, adhesion, separation, etc.), and potential medical applications (e.g., micro-surgery, biopsy, gene editing, cancer treatment, cell-cell interactions, etc.). The technology involves different fields such as robotics, automation, imaging, microfluidics, mechanics, materials, biology and medical sciences. The book provides systematic knowledge on the subject, covering a wide range of basic concepts, theories, methodology, experiments, case studies and potential medical applications. It will enable readers to promptly conduct a systematic review of research and become an essential reference for many new and experienced researchers entering this unique field. Introduces the applications of robot-assisted manipulation tools in various cell manipulation tasks Defines many essential concepts in association with the robotic cell manipulation field, including manipulation strategy and manipulation types Introduces basic concepts and knowledge on various manipulation devices and tasks Describes some cutting-edge cell manipulation technologies and case studies
