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Author: Robert Landick
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1788013654
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 295
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Book Description
This book, written by expert scientists in the field, analyses how these diverse fields of research interact on a specific example - RNA polymerase.
Author: Robert Landick
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1788013654
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 295
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book, written by expert scientists in the field, analyses how these diverse fields of research interact on a specific example - RNA polymerase.
Author: Robert Landick
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1839160667
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 295
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Book Description
To thrive, every living cell must continuously gauge and respond to changes in its environment. These changes are ultimately implemented by modulating gene expression, a process that relies on transcription by Nature’s most multivalent molecular machine, the RNA polymerase. This book covers progress made over the past decade understanding how this machine functions to compute the cellular state, from the atomistic structural level responsible for chemistry to the integrative level at which RNA polymerase interacts with the other key molecular machineries of the cell.
Author: Henri C. Buc
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 0854041346
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 353
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Book Description
This book, written by expert scientists in the field, analyses how these diverse fields of research interact on a specific example - RNA polymerase. The book concentrates on RNA polymerases because they play a central role among all the other machines operating in the cell and are the target of a wide range of regulatory mechanisms. They have also been the subject of spectacular advances in their structural understanding in recent years, as testified by the attribution of the Nobel prize in chemistry in 2006 to Roger Kornberg. The book focuses on two aspects of the transcription cycle that have been more intensively studied thanks to this increased scientific cooperation - the recognition of the promoter by the enzyme, and the achievement of consecutive translocation steps during elongation of the RNA product. Each of these two topics is introduced by an overview, and is then presented by worldwide experts in the field, taking the viewpoint of their specialty. The overview chapters focus on the mechanism-structure interface and the structure-machine interface while the individual chapters within each section concentrate more specifically on particular processes-kinetic analysis, single-molecule spectroscopy, and termination of transcription, amongst others. Specific attention has been paid to the newcomers in the field, with careful descriptions of new emerging techniques and the constitution of an atlas of three-dimensional pictures of the enzymes involved.
Author: David Elliott
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 019107103X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 445
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Book Description
RNA plays a central, and until recently, somewhat underestimated role in the genetics underlying all forms of life on earth. This versatile molecule not only plays a crucial part in the synthesis of proteins from a DNA template, but is also intrinsically involved in the regulation of gene expression, and can even act as a catalyst in the form of a ribozyme. This latter property has led to the hypothesis that RNA - rather than DNA - could have played an essential part in the origin of life itself. This landmark text provides a systematic overview of the exciting and rapidly moving field of RNA biology. Key pioneering experiments, which provided the underlying evidence for what we now know, are described throughout, while the relevance of the subject to human disease is highlighted via frequent boxes. For the second edition of Molecular Biology of RNA, more introductory material has been incorporated at the beginning of the text, to aid students studying the subject for the first time. Throughout the text, new material has been included - particularly in relation to RNA binding domains, non-coding RNAs, and the connection between RNA biology and epigenetics. Finally, a new closing chapter discusses how exciting new technologies are being used to explore current topical areas of research.
Author: Keith Firman
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9814267023
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Book Description
Biological molecular motors provide most cells with the dynamic systems required for their day-to-day existence. Examples occur in even the simplest organism (e.g. a bacteria virus), and the range of tasks that they carry out is vast. Over the last few years, there has been a large increase in the study of these motors, and it is becoming apparent that many motors will find uses in either bionanotechnology or synthetic biology. Molecular Motors in Bionanotechnology describes a wide range of molecular motors, ranging from chemical motors to biological motors, in a manner that updates, or reviews, both classification of the type of motor and the grouping into families. Many techniques have evolved to study and characterise molecular motors at the single-molecule level (e.g. use of molecular tweezer devices for single-molecule studies). The text introduces the reader to the concepts and benefits of these techniques. In addition, it looks at the structural information and how this helps understand function and, finally, how some of these motors are being used or may be used in the future as part of a synthetic biology approach to building devices and sensors.
Author: Masayori Inouye
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 1483273903
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
Molecular Biology of RNA: New Perspectives provides an overview of the developments in RNA research as well as the approaches, strategies, and methodologies used. Most of the contributing authors in the present volume participated in the Fifth Stony Brook Symposium entitled "New Perspectives on the Molecular Biology of RNA" in May 1986. The text is organized into six parts. Part I contains papers dealing with RNA as an enzyme. Part II presents studies on RNA splicing. Part III examines RNA viruses while Part IV focuses on the role of RNA in DNA replication. Part V is devoted to the structure, function, and isolation of RNA. Finally, Part VI takes up the role of RNA in regulation and repression. This volume will help provide new direction and insight for those already working on the subject and will serve as a useful guide to those about to start research in the molecular biology of RNA.
Author: Edward Koenig
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364203019X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 369
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Book Description
Recent years have witnessed striking advances in research on axons at a cellular level that substantially impact our current understanding of axonal biology. Newer findings and their ramifications are critically reviewed in the 16 chapters of this volume by authors highly qualified by virtue of their scientific contributions to research areas they know and write about. Five basic areas (I to V) germane to axonal biology are highlighted, beginning with (I) signaling interactions mediating myelination, and differentiation of axonal membrane domains; (IIa) issues surrounding organization and transport dynamics of neurofilaments in axons, (IIb) mechanisms regulating microtubule organization and dynamics, misregulation of which causes axonal degeneration, and (IIc) the roles actin binding proteins play in regulating organization and functions of the actin filament system in mature and growing axons; (IIIa) myosin motor proteins and cargoes intrinsic to the axon compartment, (IIIb) mitochondrial transport motors, and imperatives governing transport dynamics and directional delivery, (IIIc) mechanisms mediating retrograde signaling associated with NGF’s role in trophic-dependent neuronal survival, and (IIId) potential for impaired subcellular targeting of a -synuclein as a mechanism for accumulation of Lewy body inclusions in synucleinopathies; (IVa) occurrence and organization of discrete ribosome-containing domains in axons, (IVb) endogenous mRNAs, classes of proteins translated locally, and RNP trafficking in axons, (IVc) importance of locally synthesized nuclear encoded mitochondrial proteins for maintenance, function and survival of axons, (IVd) occurrence of RNA trafficking from glial cells to axons, and significance glial RNA transcripts may play in expression in axons and axon terminals, (IVe) RNA trafficking and localization of RNA transcripts in axonal growth cones, and signaling pathways that modulate local protein synthesis for directional elongation, and (IVf) genetic and molecular defects underlying spinal muscular atrophy, and roles that SMN gene product plays as a molecular chaperone in mRNA transport and translation; (Va) injury-induced local synthesis of a protein forming a retrograde signaling complex in axons to stimulate regeneration, and (Vb) endogenous and exogenous factors that condition axonal regenerative capacity in PNS and CNS, including injury-induced activation of specific genes governing regeneration. Emergent complexities revealed in this volume compel a major revision in the traditional conceptual model of the axon’s intrinsic makeup and capacities.
Author: Lynne M. Coluccio
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030380629
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 457
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Book Description
This highly authoritative volume highlights the remarkable superfamily of molecular motors called myosins, which are involved in such diverse cellular functions as muscle contraction, intracellular transport, cell migration and cell division. In a timely compilation of chapters written by leading research groups that have made key discoveries in the field, the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of these intriguing proteins is explored.
Author: Bianca Heinrich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 434
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Book Description
Abstract: The subcellular localization of mRNAs is a widespread and important form of gene regulation that establishes polarity in eukaryotic cells. In the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis, many mRNAs are localized to the vegetal cortex of the full-grown oocyte. These RNAs typically utilize either an early or a late pathway during oogenesis for their localization. Here I show that early and late pathway RNAs compete for common localization machinery in vivo . In addition, while previous work demonstrated that the molecular motor kinesin II is required for localization of the late pathway mRNA Vg1 to the vegetal cortex, I discovered that localizing RNAs recruit kinesin II to the vegetal cortex, suggesting a direct role for this motor in the localization process. This finding also revealed a novel ability of cargo RNAs to differentially recruit the molecular motor that localizes them. A distinguishing feature of the early pathway is the pre-localization of RNAs to an evolutionary conserved structure called the Balbiani body in stage I oocytes. Early pathway RNAs have been proposed to localize solely by a diffusion and entrapment mechanism, however, I demonstrate that their localization to the Balbiani body is highly dependent on temperature as well as the intracellular concentration of ATP. These findings implicate, for the first time, enzymatically-driven processes in the early RNA localization pathway. Moreover, RNA localization in stage I oocytes is reduced by expression of a kinesin II dominant-negative peptide fragment. Thus, kinesin II not only mediates the localization of RNAs to the vegetal cortex of late-staged oocytes, but also to the Balbiani body in earlier-staged oocytes. Together, these studies show that vegetally localized RNAs utilize a common kinesin II-dependent pathway throughout oogenesis in Xenopus and, more importantly, suggest a mechanism by which differential recruitment of RNA localization factors may be used to specify a wide temporal and spatial array of localized mRNAs in the vertebrate oocyte.
Author: Walter F. Boron
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 1455711810
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1351
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Book Description
Medical Physiology, in its updated 2nd edition, firmly relates molecular and cellular biology to the study of human physiology and disease. Drs. Walter Boron and Emile Boulpaep and a team of leading physiologists present you with practical, accurate coverage, continually emphasizing the clinical implications of the material. Each chapter explains the principles and organization of each body system, while more than 1400 high-quality, full-color line drawings and prominently featured clinical examples clarify every concept. This exceptionally detailed and comprehensive guide to physiology is ideal for a rich, straightforward, state-of-the-art understanding of this essential subject. Quickly review important content using prominent boxes included throughout the text to provide clinical examples of disordered physiology. Master difficult concepts with the use of 800 color drawings that feature balloon captions explaining key processes. Find information easily with the intuitive organization by body system and consistent style. Get up-to-date coverage of physiology with updated text and figures. Access the fully searchable text online at www.StudentConsult.com, along with Webnotes, Image Bank, 150 Self-assessment questions, and 10 physiology animations. Stay current thanks to updated material, including a new chapter on Physiology of Aging and a new section on hemostasis. Gain a clear visual understanding with a revised and updated art program of high-quality, full color line drawings and prominently featured clinical examples.
