Rising Household Income Inequality in California PDF Download
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Author: Deborah Reed
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Author: Deborah Reed
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
Author: Deborah Reed
Publisher: Public Policy Instit. of CA
ISBN: 0965318400
Category : Income
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Author: Deborah Reed
Publisher: Public Policy Instit. of CA
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
Author: Maarten van Ham
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303064569X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 520
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Book Description
This open access book investigates the link between income inequality and socio-economic residential segregation in 24 large urban regions in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. It offers a unique global overview of segregation trends based on case studies by local author teams. The book shows important global trends in segregation, and proposes a Global Segregation Thesis. Rising inequalities lead to rising levels of socio-economic segregation almost everywhere in the world. Levels of inequality and segregation are higher in cities in lower income countries, but the growth in inequality and segregation is faster in cities in high-income countries. This is causing convergence of segregation trends. Professionalisation of the workforce is leading to changing residential patterns. High-income workers are moving to city centres or to attractive coastal areas and gated communities, while poverty is increasingly suburbanising. As a result, the urban geography of inequality changes faster and is more pronounced than changes in segregation levels. Rising levels of inequality and segregation pose huge challenges for the future social sustainability of cities, as cities are no longer places of opportunities for all.
Author: Daniel H. Weinberg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Income
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Author: Sarah Bohn
Publisher: Public Policy Instit. of CA
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Author: Orestes Patterson Hastings
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 155
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Income inequality has risen sharply in the United States over the past forty years, yet there remains substantial uncertainty about the consequences of income inequality on social life. This dissertation advances research on these consequences by focusing on mechanisms through which inequality may matter and on the methods by which the effects of income inequality are determined. I primarily draw on data from the 1973-2014 General Social Surveys linked to administrative data of the demographic and economic characteristics of each respondent's state. This includes state-level income inequality, for which I utilize a new annual series based on household income tax returns. I also conduct an online survey experiment that manipulates perceptions of state-level income inequality. First, numerous scholarly accounts posit that as income inequality rises, individuals will be less satisfied with their own finances as they feel increasingly deprived relative to others--driving individuals to try to spend more as they engage in positional competition and increasing their anxieties as position in the income distribution becomes ever more crucial. I find that higher state-level income inequality decreases financial satisfaction overall, and that this effect is especially pronounced for those in the middle of the income distribution. Counterfactual simulations suggest rising inequality explains a substantial portion of the over-time decline in financial satisfaction. Second, concerns about rising income inequality are frequently linked to discussions about opportunity and mobility, yet little research explores if and how this inequality affects people's economic optimism, something with far reaching implications for life satisfaction, public opinion, and real economic mobility. Both the survey analysis and the experiment show that higher income inequality decreases economic optimism. The survey shows that the rate of change in inequality moderates the effect of the level of inequality, and that household income further moderates the effects of the level and change in income inequality on economic optimism. There was no evidence of this moderation in the experiment. Key differences between the two methodological approaches are discussed. Third, although both popular and scholarly accounts have argued that income inequality reduces trust, some recent research has been more skeptical, noting these claims are more robust cross-sectionally than longitudinally. Furthermore, although multiple mechanisms have been proposed for why inequality could affect trust, these have rarely been tested explicitly. I find little evidence that states that have been more unequal over time have less trusting people. There is some evidence that the growth in income inequality is linked with a decrease in trust, but these effects are sensitive to how time is accounted for. While much of the inequality and trust research has focused on status anxiety and feelings of relative deprivation, this mechanism receives the weakest support, and mechanisms based on societal fractionalization and exploitation receive stronger support. Finally, social comparisons of income have far-reaching consequences for individual decision-making and public policy, yet there persists a significant gap between "true" relative income and what Americans perceive. Although one compelling explanation is that reference groups affect what people perceive as "average," there is little consensus about who people compare themselves with. Previous research has proposed reference groups based on both geographic proximity and on sociodemographic similarity, but few studies have considered multiple reference groups systematically or simultaneously. I find that the effect of reference group income depends on both egoist and fraternal comparisons: higher median incomes of large reference groups and those with weak status hierarchies increases perceived relative income, while higher median incomes of small reference groups and those with strong status hierarchies decreases perceived relative income. These results have important implications for how reference groups are used in research on neighborhood effects, residential segregation, and income inequality.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309483980
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 619
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Book Description
The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.
Author: Rebecca M. Blank
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520950194
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
Rebecca M. Blank offers the first comprehensive analysis of an economic trend that has been reshaping the United States over the past three decades: rapidly rising income inequality. In clear language, she provides an overview of how and why the level and distribution of income and wealth has changed since 1979, sets this situation within its historical context, and investigates the forces that are driving it. Among other factors, Blank looks closely at changes within families, including women’s increasing participation in the work force. The book includes some surprising findings—for example, that per-person income has risen sharply among almost all social groups, even as income has become more unequally distributed. Looking toward the future, Blank suggests that while rising inequality will likely be with us for many decades to come, it is not an inevitable outcome. Her book considers what can be done to address this trend, and also explores the question: why should we be concerned about this phenomenon?
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Despite the strength of the state's economy, inequality is on the rise and California continues to lag the nation with respect to unemployment, wage growth, and the share of the state's population living below the poverty line. [...] Another frequently used indicator of income inequality looks at the ratio of the income of the wealthiest fifth of households to that of the poorest fifth. [...] Capital gains also constitute a much larger share of the income of the wealthy: 24.5 percent of that re- ported for the top one percent and 12.6 percent for the top ten percent, as compared to 1.2 percent for the bottom 90 percent. [...] Income Inequality On The Rise Ratio Of The Average Income Of The Top 20% To The Lowest 20% Change in the Ratio of the Top 20% to the Lowest 20% 1978-80 1988-90 1994-96 Late 70s-Late 80s Late 80s-Mid 90s California 7.9 10.0 11.9 2.1 2.0 US Total 7.7 9.5 10.7 1.9 1.2 Ratio Of The Average Income Of The Top 5% To The Lowest 20% Change in the Ratio of the Top 5% to the Lowest 20% 1978-80 1988-90 1994-9. [...] Because of the prevalence of low wage work, along with part-time and seasonal employment, approxi- mately half of California's poor are the working poor - some two million California workers and their families.29 CONCLUSION The story of the California economy over the past two decades is one of great disparities.
