Resolution of Crystalline Phases in Polymorphic Gel-spun Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fibers Using Restrained Differential Scanning Calorimetry and X-ray Diffraction PDF Download
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Author: Amos Wampler
Publisher: ProQuest
ISBN: 9780549756972
Category : Calorimetry
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Characterizing highly oriented ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers can present a challenge at or near melt temperatures. The fibers tend to shrink, creating difficulties during testing, both from excessive noise and from the possible alteration of morphology. Perturbations arise during standard differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and limit the use of an easily accessible laboratory technique. Restraining the fibers during testing, however, suppresses these perturbations and permits the clear determination of melting events as the fiber is subjected to increasing temperatures. This technique is compared to x-ray diffraction (XRD) as a second measure of crystallinity at ambient temperature, removing the concern of shrinking and reorientation during the test.
Author: Amos Wampler
Publisher: ProQuest
ISBN: 9780549756972
Category : Calorimetry
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Characterizing highly oriented ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers can present a challenge at or near melt temperatures. The fibers tend to shrink, creating difficulties during testing, both from excessive noise and from the possible alteration of morphology. Perturbations arise during standard differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and limit the use of an easily accessible laboratory technique. Restraining the fibers during testing, however, suppresses these perturbations and permits the clear determination of melting events as the fiber is subjected to increasing temperatures. This technique is compared to x-ray diffraction (XRD) as a second measure of crystallinity at ambient temperature, removing the concern of shrinking and reorientation during the test.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780803124820
Category : Materials
Languages : en
Pages : 137
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Book Description
Author: Qipeng Guo
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118452151
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 472
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Book Description
With a focus on structure-property relationships, this book describes how polymer morphology affects properties and how scientists can modify them. The book covers structure development, theory, simulation, and processing; and discusses a broad range of techniques and methods. • Provides an up-to-date, comprehensive introduction to the principles and practices of polymer morphology • Illustrates major structure types, such as semicrystalline morphology, surface-induced polymer crystallization, phase separation, self-assembly, deformation, and surface topography • Covers a variety of polymers, such as homopolymers, block copolymers, polymer thin films, polymer blends, and polymer nanocomposites • Discusses a broad range of advanced and novel techniques and methods, like x-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and electron microscopy and their applications in the morphology of polymer materials
Author: Wenbing Hu
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3709106702
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
A molecular view on the fundamental issues in polymer physics is provided with an aim at students in chemistry, chemical engineering, condensed matter physics and material science courses. An updated translation by the author, a renowned Chinese chemist, it has been proven to be an effective source of learning for many years. Up-to-date developments are reflected throughout the work in this concise presentation of the topic. The author aims at presenting the subject in an efficient manner, which makes this particularly suitable for teaching polymer physics in settings where time is limited, without having to sacrifice the extensive scope that this topic demands.
Author: Cristina Prisacariu
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3709105145
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
A comprehensive account of the physical / mechanical behaviour of polyurethanes (PU ́s) elastomers, films and blends of variable crystallinity. Aspects covered include the elasticity and inelasticity of amorphous to crystalline PUs, in relation to their sensitivity to chemical and physical structure. A study is made of how aspects of the constitutive responses of PUs vary with composition: the polyaddition procedure, the hard segment, soft segment and chain extender (diols and diamines) are varied systematically in a large number of systems of model and novel crosslinked andthermoplastic PUs. Results will be related to: microstructural changes, on the basis of evidence from x-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS), and also dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and IR dichroism. Inelastic effects will be investigated also by including quantitative correlations between the magnitude of the Mullins effect and the fractional energy dissipation by hysteresis under cyclic straining, giving common relations approached by all the materials studied. A major structural feature explored is the relationship between the nature of the hard segment (crystallising or not) and that of the soft segments. Crystallinity has been sometimes observed in the commercial PUs hard phase but this is usually limited to only a few percent for most hard segment structures when solidified from the melt. One particular diisocyanate, 4,4’-dibenzyl diisocyanate (DBDI) that, in the presence of suitable chain extenders ( diols or diamines), gives rise to significant degrees of crystallinity [i-iii] and this is included in the present work. Understanding the reaction pathways involved, in resolving the subtle morphological evolution at the nanometre level, and capturing mathematically the complex, large-deformation nonlinear viscoelastic mechanical behaviour are assumed to bring new important insights in the world basic research in polyurethanes and towards applied industrial research in this area.
Author: Elena Borisenko
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9533076089
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
Crystal growth is an important process, which forms the basis for a wide variety of natural phenomena and engineering developments. This book provides a unique opportunity for a reader to gain knowledge about various aspects of crystal growth from advanced inorganic materials to inorganic/organic composites, it unravels some problems of molecular crystallizations and shows advances in growth of pharmaceutical crystals, it tells about biomineralization of mollusks and cryoprotection of living cells, it gives a chance to learn about statistics of chiral asymmetry in crystal structure.
Author: Dietrich Braun
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540268901
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 401
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Book Description
The first English edition of this book was pubUshed in 1971 with the late Prof. Dr. Werner Kern as coauthor. In 1997, for the preparation of the third edition, Prof. Dr. Helmut Ritter joined the team of authors and in 2001 Prof. Dr. Brigitte Voit and Prof. Dr. Matthias Rehahn complemented this team. The change in authors has not altered the basic concept of this 4th edition: again we were not aimed at compiling a comprehensive collection of recipes. In stead, we attempted to reach a broader description of the general methods and techniques for the synthesis, modification, and characterization of macromo- cules, supplemented by 105 selected and detailed experiments and by sufficient theoretical treatment so that no additional textbook be needed in order to under stand the experiments. In addition to the preparative aspects we have also tried to give the reader an impression of the relation of chemical structure and mor phology of polymers to their properties, as well as of areas of their application.
Author: Aravind Dasari
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1447168097
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
This highlights ongoing research efforts on different aspects of polymer nanocomposites and explores their potentials to exhibit multi-functional properties. In this context, it addresses both fundamental and advanced concepts, while delineating the parameters and mechanisms responsible for these potentials. Aspects considered include embrittlement/toughness; wear/scratch behaviour; thermal stability and flame retardancy; barrier, electrical and thermal conductivity; and optical and magnetic properties. Further, the book was written as a coherent unit rather than a collection of chapters on different topics. As such, the results, analyses and discussions presented herein provide a guide for the development of a new class of multi-functional nanocomposites. Offering an invaluable resource for materials researchers and postgraduate students in the polymer composites field, they will also greatly benefit materials
Author: Witold Brostow
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461557992
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 534
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Book Description
may never overcome the effects of hysteresis and stress (see Chapters 6 and 12). The first sentence of the reference work, Handbook of Liquid Crystals, reads: The terms liquid crystals, crystalline liquid, mesophase, and mesomorphous state are used synonymously to describe a state of aggregation that exhibits a molecular order in a size range similar to that of a crystal but acts more or less as a viscous liquid: [2] In other words, molecules within a liquid crystalline phase possess some orientational order and lack positional order; furthermore, the shape of a liquid crystalline sample is determined by the vessel in which it is contained rather than by the orientational order of its aggregated molecules. The authors recognized the limitations and imprecision of this definition but, like others preceding them, could not devise a simple and generally applicable one that is better. Regardless, the terms 'liquid crystal' and 'mesophase' should not be used interchangeably. As mentioned above, all liquid crystals are mesophases, but all mesophases are not liquid crystals. Recent studies, employing elaborate and sophisticated analytical techniques, have permitted finer distinctions between classical crystals and mesophases. At the same time, they have made definitions like that from the Handbook of Liquid Crystals somewhat obsolete for reasons other than terminology. One part of the problem arises from the use of a combination of bulk properties (like flow) and microscopic properties (like molecular ordering) within the same definition.
Author: Montgomery T. Shaw
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471741825
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 339
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Book Description
A revised molecular approach to a classic on viscoelasticbehavior Because viscoelasticity affects the properties, appearance,processing, and performance of polymers such as rubber, plastic,and adhesives, a proper utilization of such polymers requires aclear understanding of viscoelastic behavior. Now in its third edition, Introduction to Polymer Viscoelasticityremains a classic in the literature of molecular viscoelasticity,bridging the gap between primers on polymer science and advancedresearch-level monographs. Assuming a molecular, rather than amechanical approach, the text provides a strong grounding in thefundamental concepts, detailed derivations, and particularattention to assumptions, simplifications, and limitations. This Third Edition has been entirely revised and updated to reflectrecent developments in the field. New chapters include: * Phenomenological Treatment of Viscoelasticity * Viscoelastic Models * Time-Temperature Correspondence * Transitions and Relaxation in Polymers * Elasticity of Rubbery Networks * Dielectric and NMR Methods With detailed explanations, corresponding equations, andexperimental methods, supported by real-life applications (as wellas the inclusion of a CD-ROM with data to support the exercises),this Third Edition provides today's students and professionals withthe tools they need to create polymers with more desirablequalities than ever.
