Relationships of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community Structure with Land-use, Habitat, In-stream Water Chemistry, Depositional Sediment Biofilm Fatty Acids, and Surfactants in the Effluent Dominated Texas Trinity River PDF Download
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Author: Jaime L. Slye
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aquatic invertebrates
Languages : en
Pages : 151
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Author: Jaime L. Slye
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aquatic invertebrates
Languages : en
Pages : 151
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Book Description
Author: UNESCO
Publisher: UNESCO Publishing
ISBN: 9231005405
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 893
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Author: Roger Holmes (M.Sc.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
Farmers have been encouraged to adopt more sustainable farming practices (BMPs) that mitigate adverse agricultural effects on the natural environment. However, the ability of BMPs to protect or restore riverine systems continues to be questioned due to limited evidence directly linking BMP use with improved ecological conditions. The exclusion of hydrological pathways in previous field studies may explain why a direct link has not yet been established. The goal of this study was to assess the association between benthic macroinvertebrate community structure and the number and location of agricultural BMPs. Macroinvertebrates and water chemistry were sampled in 30 headwater catchments in the Grand River Watershed. Catchments exhibited gradients of BMP use and location as measured by the degree of hydrologic connectedness. Stepwise ordination regressions and variance partitioning were used to determine which environmental variables (i.e., BMP metrics, water chemistry parameters, habitat characteristics, and land use variables) were associated with benthic macroinvertebrate community structure. Water chemistry parameters were negatively associated with BMP metrics suggesting BMPs were mitigating losses of nutrients and sediments. However, BMP abundance and location explained minimal variation in benthic macroinvertebrate structure within the 30 sampled catchments. The absence of a strong association between BMPs and benthic macroinvertebrates may indicate a need for greater numbers and targeted siting of BMPS to improve water quality beyond a threshold point that would allow recolonization of intolerant invertebrate taxa. Focusing of conservation goals on ecological conditions and the promotion of BMPs that enhance in-stream habitat may also be required.
Author: Scott V. Mize
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Benthic animals
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Author: Julie Elizabeth Helson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Greg L. Larson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aquatic animals
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Macroinvertebrates in urban streams in Ohio are potentially compromised by habitat loss, by the annual peak discharge event, and by degraded water quality. The Mill Creek in Southwest Ohio is a significantly channelized river that collects storm water runoff, wastewater treatment plant effluent, permitted dischargers, sanitary sewers, and combined sewers. Channelization areas have had 12-40 years to re-grow. Most of the riparian zone, although narrow, is lined with trees that shade the channel. The result is eutrophication by nutrient loading, some toxic chemical spills, and habitat simplification. This study was designed to show the relative impacts of habitat and water quality on the macroinvertebrate community in a multi-stressed urban stream. Possible limiting factors were quantified and evaluated along the main-stem of the Mill Creek and related to the macroinvertebrates five times over the summer of 2000. The habitat was characterized using the Ohio EPA's QHEI, the estimated peak flow, and pebble counts. Water quality was quantified by the nutrient concentrations found. Both habitat and water parameters were compared to macroinvertebrate density, taxa richness, and the calculated metric, invertebrate community index. Data was collected for base flow in the summer and autumn of 2000-2001. The QHEI and the ICI were linearly related over transects done in four non-consecutive years within a decade. Multiple regression showed several habitat variables correlated to taxa richness. ANOVA identified average species richness was significantly impacted by both water quality and habitat variables. A non-parametric method (detrended canonical correspondence analysis) separated the determinants for invertebrate communities along a nutrient (19.1% of variance) and habitat axis (11.1% of variance).
Author: Scott Jungblom
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aquatic invertebrate populations
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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"Past stream habitat restoration has been focused primarily on increasing specific fish populations with little knowledge of how these habitat manipulations affect the benthic macroinvertebrate community. This study focuses on assessing the immediate effects of instream habitat restoration structures on the benthic macroinvertebrate community and its environment. Physical measurements, water quality measurements, benthic invertebrate and substrate composition samples were taken at three experimental structure locations and one upstream control site twice before structure placement in June and July 1998 and twice after structure placement (October and November 1998). Six benthic samples were taken at each site on each sample date. Three samples each were taken five meters above and below the structure site, sampling a ten-meter zone of impact for each structure. The Kalispel Natural Resource Department built a series of salmonid stream habitat restoration structures in Cee Cee Ah Creek of Pend Oreille Co. Washington in August of 1998. Experimental site 1 received a modified single log weir or channel constrictor, site 2 received a K-dam and site 3 received an upstream-V weir. Comparisons were made between data collected at each site before structure placement vs. after and between each experimental site vs. the upstream control site. All sites shared similar physical and water quality data within each sample date except for slight differences in stream width, embeddedness, and discharge, which changed seasonally. Cobble dominated the system with a high percentage of gravel substrate present at site 3. Structure construction resulted in an increase in stream width and depth at each site above and/or below each structure. There was no significant difference in benthic density or community metric analysis between upstream and downstream samples at any site throughout the study. Therefor upstream and downstream samples were combined to assess each structure's complete ten-meter zone of impact. The upstream control site density did not change significantly throughout the study. However, the density of each experimental site (site 1, site 2, and site 3) and the combined experimental sites (site 1+2+3) did increase significantly in post structure samples (October and November combined). There was no significant difference in the density of the control site and experimental sites one or three either before or after structure placement. However, the density at site 2 (K-Dam) and at the combined experimental sites was significantly higher than the control site after structure placement (October and November combined). Community composition did not change significantly throughout the study at any site and there was no difference between the control site and any experimental site before or after structure placement. The total number of families present during the study was 60, dominated by Chironomidae at site 1 and alternated between Chironomidae and Heptageniidae at the control site, and experimental sites 2 and 3. While the number of feeding guild taxa did not change significantly at any site during the study, the percent shredder composition increased at all three structure sites for both post-structure sample dates. The upstream control did not show a similar trend. Analysis of each sample's volumetric substrate composition in relation to its invertebrate metrics values showed significant differences in metric values corresponding to certain substrate compositions for all the metrics tested except Percent Dominant Family. Samples with reduced small, medium, large and combined gravel compositions and increased cobble + boulder concentration showed an increase in water quality for the metrics: Density, Total Number of Taxa, EPT Index, and the Shannon-Weiner diversity index. However samples with the above substrate compositions showed a decrease in water quality for the metrics: Scraper/Collector ratio, percent EPT, EPT/C ratio and FBI score. This study shows that instream habitat restoration structures significantly increased local macroinvertebrate density and did not jeopardize community diversity or composition. By using instream structures that create specific substrate class compositions habitat managers may be able to enhance problem macroinvertebrate community metrics found in initial assessments. While the scope of this study was restricted to short-term effects on a specific habitat, these results clearly identified the benefits of instream structures as well as the need for future long-term studies to include pre-restoration sampling at control or reference sites"--Document.
Author: Elizabeth Ellen Risley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geomorphology
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Abstract: In-stream habitat structure and water chemistry have significant influence on the structure and composition of stream macroinvertebrate assemblages. Habitat at this local scale can be significantly affected by the geomorphology of a stream or region. Both in-stream habitat and geomorphology are, in turn, influenced by other factors operating at the landscape scale (e.g., land use, connectivity of habitat patches, etc.). It is unclear which of these three scales of habitat has the greatest influence over lotic assemblage structure. Anthropogenic disturbance to a stream ecosystem can occur at all three scales of habitat, and is particularly common in predominantly agricultural systems. The Sugar Creek watershed in northeastern Ohio represents several different types of anthropogenic disturbance, including dairy farming, crop production, urbanization, and industrialization. The South and Middle Forks of the Sugar Creek watershed, dominated by agriculture and a mix of agriculture and industry, respectively, were sampled in early summer 2005 for habitat and macroinvertebrates. Richness, evenness, diversity, familylevel biotic index, percent Diptera Chironomidae, and the number of macroinvertebrates were all similar across the drainages. The percent Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera was significantly larger in the Middle Fork than in the South Fork. There were no significant differences in habitat or macroinvertebrate assemblages between the two drainages overall. In-stream habitat structure and water chemistry explained 58.8% of the variation between sites among macroinvertebrate taxa. Geomorphology explained 10.4% and land use 9.4% of the variation. Shared variances between different scales of habitat did not explain substantial amounts of variation among macroinvertebrate taxa. These results have, however, identified several sites in the South Fork with good potential for Best Management Practice implementation and several sites in the Middle Fork for preservation.
Author: Jeremy Ryan ZumBerge
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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