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Author: Vigen Babkenovich Minasyan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 17
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Book Description
In the original model constructed relations between the state and subsidized by them company, taking into account the level of subsidy, the value of the effort further by the company, as well as the possibility of an additional influence of the state on the resulting company cash flows. Assess the value of these relationships and suggest ways of harmonizing them for the company and for the state without an application by company the extra effort. The paper also assess value these relationships and suggest ways of harmonizing them for the company and for the state upon application by company the extra effort.
Author: Vigen Babkenovich Minasyan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 17
Get Book Here
Book Description
In the original model constructed relations between the state and subsidized by them company, taking into account the level of subsidy, the value of the effort further by the company, as well as the possibility of an additional influence of the state on the resulting company cash flows. Assess the value of these relationships and suggest ways of harmonizing them for the company and for the state without an application by company the extra effort. The paper also assess value these relationships and suggest ways of harmonizing them for the company and for the state upon application by company the extra effort.
Author: Usha C.V. Haley
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199773742
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
Government subsidies have contributed to China's success as manufacturer and exporter in capital-intensive industries. China's state-capitalist regime uses subsidies to stabilize and create common understandings of markets among governments and firms.
Author: Kristin Komives
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821363423
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
This book reviews the prevalence and variants of consumer subsidies found in the developing world and the effectiveness of these subsidies for the poor. It places consumer subsidies in a broader social protection framework and compares them with poverty-focused programmes in other sectors using a common metric. It concludes that the most common subsidy instruments perform poorly in comparison with most other transfer mechanisms. Alternative consumption and connection subsidy mechanisms show more promise, especially when combined with complementary non-price approaches to making utility services accessible and affordable to poor households. The many factors contributing to those outcomes are dissected, identifying those that can be controlled and used to improve performance.
Author: Mr.Benedict J. Clements
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451851480
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Book Description
This paper addresses the problems of defining and measuring government subsidies, examines why and how government subsidies are used as a fiscal policy tool, assesses their economic effects, appraises international empirical evidence on government subsidies, and offers options for their reform. Recent international trends in government subsidy expenditure are analyzed for the 16-year period from 1975 to 1990, using general government subsidy data for 60 countries from the System of National Accounts (SNA) and central government expenditure on subsidies and other current transfers for 68 countries from Government Finance Statistics (GFS). The paper reviews major policy options for subsidy reform, focusing on ways to improve the cost-effectiveness of subsidy programs.
Author: Usha C.V. Haley
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199339783
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 295
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Book Description
How did China move so swiftly in capital-intensive industries without labor-cost or scale advantage from bit player to the largest manufacturer and exporter in the world? This book argues that subsidies contributed significantly to China's success. Industrial subsidies in key Chinese manufacturing industries may exceed thirty percent of industrial output. Economic theories have mostly portrayed subsidies as distortive, inefficiently reallocating resources according to non-market criteria. However, China's state-capitalist regime uses subsidies to promote the governments' and the Communist Party of China's interests. Rather than aberrations, subsidies help Chinese businesses and governments produce, stabilize and create common understandings of markets; the flows of capital reflect struggles between critical Chinese actors including central and provincial governments. Concepts of state capitalism including market-transition theory, the multi-organizational Chinese state, and state as paramount shareholder, create complex and relevant understandings of Chinese subsidies. The authors develop independent measures of industrial subsidies using publicly-reported data at firm and industry levels from governmental and private sources. Subsidies include free to low-cost loans, subsidies to energy (coal, electricity, natural gas, heavy oil) and to key inputs, land and technology. Four sequential studies identify the growth of subsidies to Chinese manufacturing over time and effects on world industry: steel (2000-2007), glass (2004-2008), paper (2002-2009) and auto parts (2001-2011). Subsidies to Chinese industry affect and are affected by business strategy and trade policy. Business strategies include lobbying for subsidies and for protection from subsidized foreign competitors and managing supply chains to guard against whiplash effects of uncoordinated subsidies. The subsidized solar industry highlights how global business strategies and decisions on production location and technology development respond to production or consumption subsidies and include market (competitive) and non-market (political) strategies. The book also covers government policies and regulation on subsidies broadly focusing on domestic consumption (antidumping and countervailing duties) and domestic production (indigenous innovation).
Author: Alan Weil
Publisher: The Urban Insitute
ISBN: 9780877667162
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 448
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Book Description
The balance between state and federal health care financing for low-income people has been a matter of considerable debate for the last 40 years. Some argue for a greater federal role, others for more devolution of responsibility to the states. Medicaid, the backbone of the system, has been plagued by an array of problems that have made it unpopular and difficult to use to extend health care coverage. In recent years, waivers have given the states the flexibility to change many features of their Medicaid programs; moreover, the states have considerable flexibility to in establishing State Children's Health Insurance Programs. This book examines the record on the changing health safety net. How well have states done in providing acute and long-term care services to low-income populations? How have they responded to financial incentives and federal regulatory requirements? How innovative have they been? Contributing authors include Donald J. Boyd, Randall R. Bovbjerg, Teresa A. Coughlin, Ian Hill, Michael Housman, Robert E. Hurley, Marilyn Moon, Mary Beth Pohl, Jane Tilly, and Stephen Zuckerman.
Author: Aneesh Raghunandan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 59
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Book Description
I study the relation between firms' receipt of significant subsidies in their home states and their subsequent propensities to engage in financial fraud. Firms that receive subsidies are likely to have greater influence over the lawmakers who award these subsidies, relative to nonrecipient firms, but may also be subject to higher external scrutiny. I find that firms receiving tax breaks -- but not cash grants -- tend to engage in fraud more frequently relative to nonrecipient firms. Additionally, there is no relation between fraud and subsidies received in other states, even though those subsidies are similar in other respects; only firms' home-state subsidies are associated with higher levels of corporate fraud, consistent with lower enforcement intensity as a result of capture. I also show that the relation between targeted subsidies and fraud is mitigated in the presence of high third-party interest, measured using Google search volume intensity; counterfactual analysis suggests that a 1% increase in subsidy scrutiny would be associated with a roughly 1.3% decrease in fraud by subsidized firms. My findings provide insight into the relation between subsidies and financial fraud, suggesting that recent recommendations by standard-setters for additional subsidy disclosures by both governments and firms provide useful information to policymakers and investors.
Author: Louise I. Gerdes
Publisher: Greenhaven Publishing LLC
ISBN: 0737776552
Category : Young Adult Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 113
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Book Description
The passage of Citizens United by the Supreme Court in 2010 sparked a renewed debate about campaign spending by large political action committees, or Super PACs. Its ruling said that it is okay for corporations and labor unions to spend as much as they want in advertising and other methods to convince people to vote for or against a candidate. This book provides a wide range of opinions on the issue. Includes primary and secondary sources from a variety of perspectives; eyewitnesses, scientific journals, government officials, and many others.
Author: American Bar Association. House of Delegates
Publisher: American Bar Association
ISBN: 9781590318737
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
Author: Luca Rubini
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199533393
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 497
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Book Description
This book presents a conceptual analysis of the definitions of state aid and subsidy in EC and WTO law. It provides a comparative analysis of the regulation of subsidy in both systems, examining the coherence of the conceptual understanding of subsidy and the grounds for legitimate state intervention.
