Author: Koreaki Ito
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 4431550526
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 313
Book Description
This book highlights a new paradigm of translation control by regulatory nascent polypeptides, which is integrated into cellular regulatory systems. Translation lies in the hub of the central dogma of biology, in which the genetic information in the forms of 4-letter sentences is translated into 20-letter sentences: sequences of amino acids that constitute proteins, the functional molecules of life. The process involves a huge number of chemical reactions as well as physical movements of the ribosome along a messenger RNA and takes, on average, tens of seconds in prokaryotes and a few minutes in eukaryotes. Detailed knowledge about the progression of translation, called "elongation", only recently started to accumulate. Newly synthesized and growing polypeptides, called nascent polypeptides, can interact with the intra-ribosomal conduit, called the ribosomal exit tunnel, when they have some specific amino acid sequences, called "an arrest sequence". Such interaction leads to a halt in the elongation reaction. Resulting stalling of the ribosome on messenger RNA can affect the secondary structure and/or localization of the message in the cell, consequently leading to biological outputs such as elevation or reduction of a gene product. This book provides a first collection of knowledge focused on regulatory nascent polypeptides, which have been studied recently using diverse organisms including bacteria, plants, and animals. Readers will be impressed by a new paradigm showing that proteins can function even during the course of their biosynthesis and that the ribosome, the "factory" of protein production, interacts with and inspects its products to adjust the speed of completion of each product. Moreover, regulatory nascent polypeptides can sense or monitor physiological states of the cell and modulate its ability to arrest translation. Living organisms use such intricate control mechanisms of translational speed to regulate gene expression. This book will be a useful addition for established scientists while inspiring students and young scientists to gain deeper insights into the processes of expression of genetic information.
Regulatory Nascent Polypeptides
Author: Koreaki Ito
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 4431550526
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 313
Book Description
This book highlights a new paradigm of translation control by regulatory nascent polypeptides, which is integrated into cellular regulatory systems. Translation lies in the hub of the central dogma of biology, in which the genetic information in the forms of 4-letter sentences is translated into 20-letter sentences: sequences of amino acids that constitute proteins, the functional molecules of life. The process involves a huge number of chemical reactions as well as physical movements of the ribosome along a messenger RNA and takes, on average, tens of seconds in prokaryotes and a few minutes in eukaryotes. Detailed knowledge about the progression of translation, called "elongation", only recently started to accumulate. Newly synthesized and growing polypeptides, called nascent polypeptides, can interact with the intra-ribosomal conduit, called the ribosomal exit tunnel, when they have some specific amino acid sequences, called "an arrest sequence". Such interaction leads to a halt in the elongation reaction. Resulting stalling of the ribosome on messenger RNA can affect the secondary structure and/or localization of the message in the cell, consequently leading to biological outputs such as elevation or reduction of a gene product. This book provides a first collection of knowledge focused on regulatory nascent polypeptides, which have been studied recently using diverse organisms including bacteria, plants, and animals. Readers will be impressed by a new paradigm showing that proteins can function even during the course of their biosynthesis and that the ribosome, the "factory" of protein production, interacts with and inspects its products to adjust the speed of completion of each product. Moreover, regulatory nascent polypeptides can sense or monitor physiological states of the cell and modulate its ability to arrest translation. Living organisms use such intricate control mechanisms of translational speed to regulate gene expression. This book will be a useful addition for established scientists while inspiring students and young scientists to gain deeper insights into the processes of expression of genetic information.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 4431550526
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 313
Book Description
This book highlights a new paradigm of translation control by regulatory nascent polypeptides, which is integrated into cellular regulatory systems. Translation lies in the hub of the central dogma of biology, in which the genetic information in the forms of 4-letter sentences is translated into 20-letter sentences: sequences of amino acids that constitute proteins, the functional molecules of life. The process involves a huge number of chemical reactions as well as physical movements of the ribosome along a messenger RNA and takes, on average, tens of seconds in prokaryotes and a few minutes in eukaryotes. Detailed knowledge about the progression of translation, called "elongation", only recently started to accumulate. Newly synthesized and growing polypeptides, called nascent polypeptides, can interact with the intra-ribosomal conduit, called the ribosomal exit tunnel, when they have some specific amino acid sequences, called "an arrest sequence". Such interaction leads to a halt in the elongation reaction. Resulting stalling of the ribosome on messenger RNA can affect the secondary structure and/or localization of the message in the cell, consequently leading to biological outputs such as elevation or reduction of a gene product. This book provides a first collection of knowledge focused on regulatory nascent polypeptides, which have been studied recently using diverse organisms including bacteria, plants, and animals. Readers will be impressed by a new paradigm showing that proteins can function even during the course of their biosynthesis and that the ribosome, the "factory" of protein production, interacts with and inspects its products to adjust the speed of completion of each product. Moreover, regulatory nascent polypeptides can sense or monitor physiological states of the cell and modulate its ability to arrest translation. Living organisms use such intricate control mechanisms of translational speed to regulate gene expression. This book will be a useful addition for established scientists while inspiring students and young scientists to gain deeper insights into the processes of expression of genetic information.
Molecular Biology of the Cell
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780815332183
Category : Cells
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780815332183
Category : Cells
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Ribosomes Have an Intrinsic Ability to Mediate the Co-translational Targeting of Nascent Polypeptides to the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane which is Regulated by the Nascent Polypeptide Associated Complex and the Signal Recognition Particle
Author: Brett Peter Lauring
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 462
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 462
Book Description
The Role of the Nascent Polypeptide-associated Complex in Caenorhabditis Elegans
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Apoptosis
Languages : en
Pages : 80
Book Description
The nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC) is a highly conserved protein complex known to play an important role in the development of metazoan organisms, but its molecular function is not well understood. Recent evidence from experiments using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as model supported the hypothesis that the NAC is either a chaperone or a component of the cytosolic chaperone network that interacts with nascent peptides emerging from the ribosome. We tested this model in C. elegans and found that the homologues of the NAC, icd-1 and icd-2, behave like chaperones in the worm. Lack of icd-1 or icd-2 altered the worms stress response to heat and led to a dramatic up-regulation of hsp-4; the homologue of the human ER chaperone BiP. Worms lacking the ER stress signalling protein xbp-1 generated a higher proportion of defective embryos and had a lower survival rate compared to wildtype populations during icd-1(RNAi). Furthermore, icd-1(RNAi) increased the size of lysosomes in wildtype worms and embryo gut cells, indicating an up-regulation of ER-mediated autophagy. These results suggest that disruption of the NAC by RNAi causes ER stress in the worm and is likely the cause of embryonic apoptosis that was previously observed in the worm.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Apoptosis
Languages : en
Pages : 80
Book Description
The nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC) is a highly conserved protein complex known to play an important role in the development of metazoan organisms, but its molecular function is not well understood. Recent evidence from experiments using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as model supported the hypothesis that the NAC is either a chaperone or a component of the cytosolic chaperone network that interacts with nascent peptides emerging from the ribosome. We tested this model in C. elegans and found that the homologues of the NAC, icd-1 and icd-2, behave like chaperones in the worm. Lack of icd-1 or icd-2 altered the worms stress response to heat and led to a dramatic up-regulation of hsp-4; the homologue of the human ER chaperone BiP. Worms lacking the ER stress signalling protein xbp-1 generated a higher proportion of defective embryos and had a lower survival rate compared to wildtype populations during icd-1(RNAi). Furthermore, icd-1(RNAi) increased the size of lysosomes in wildtype worms and embryo gut cells, indicating an up-regulation of ER-mediated autophagy. These results suggest that disruption of the NAC by RNAi causes ER stress in the worm and is likely the cause of embryonic apoptosis that was previously observed in the worm.
The Eukaryotic Ribosome
Author: Heinz Bielka
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3112729757
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 340
Book Description
No detailed description available for "The Eukaryotic Ribosome".
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3112729757
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 340
Book Description
No detailed description available for "The Eukaryotic Ribosome".
Protein Homeostasis
Author: Richard I. Morimoto
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781936113064
Category : Biological transport
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Proper folding of proteins is crucial for cell function. Chaperones and enzymes that post-translationally modify newly synthesized proteins help ensure that proteins fold correctly, and the unfolded protein response functions as a homeostatic mechanism that removes misfolded proteins when cells are stressed. This book covers the entire spectrum of proteostasis in healthy cells and the diseases that result when control of protein production, protein folding, and protein degradation goes awry.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781936113064
Category : Biological transport
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Proper folding of proteins is crucial for cell function. Chaperones and enzymes that post-translationally modify newly synthesized proteins help ensure that proteins fold correctly, and the unfolded protein response functions as a homeostatic mechanism that removes misfolded proteins when cells are stressed. This book covers the entire spectrum of proteostasis in healthy cells and the diseases that result when control of protein production, protein folding, and protein degradation goes awry.
Photocrosslinking Studies of the Environment of Nascent Polypeptides During Protein Synthesis and Secretion
Author: Ute Christina Krieg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Peptides
Languages : en
Pages : 360
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Peptides
Languages : en
Pages : 360
Book Description
Biology of the NMDA Receptor
Author: Antonius M. VanDongen
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 142004415X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 368
Book Description
The NMDA receptor plays a critical role in the development of the central nervous system and in adult neuroplasticity, learning, and memory. Therefore, it is not surprising that this receptor has been widely studied. However, despite the importance of rhythms for the sustenance of life, this aspect of NMDAR function remains poorly studied. Written
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 142004415X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 368
Book Description
The NMDA receptor plays a critical role in the development of the central nervous system and in adult neuroplasticity, learning, and memory. Therefore, it is not surprising that this receptor has been widely studied. However, despite the importance of rhythms for the sustenance of life, this aspect of NMDAR function remains poorly studied. Written
Recognition of Nascent Polypeptides for Targeting and Folding
Author: Samuel J. Landry
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
Book Description
Nascent-polypeptide Associated Complex
Author: Shu Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 394
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 394
Book Description