Regulation of Protein Synthesis in Human Skeletal Muscle PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789175495132
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 67
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789175495132
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 67
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309172810
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 448
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Book Description
It is a commonly held belief that athletes, particularly body builders, have greater requirements for dietary protein than sedentary individuals. However, the evidence in support of this contention is controversial. This book is the latest in a series of publications designed to inform both civilian and military scientists and personnel about issues related to nutrition and military service. Among the many other stressors they experience, soldiers face unique nutritional demands during combat. Of particular concern is the role that dietary protein might play in controlling muscle mass and strength, response to injury and infection, and cognitive performance. The first part of the book contains the committee's summary of the workshop, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The remainder of the book contains papers contributed by speakers at the workshop on such topics as, the effects of aging and hormones on regulation of muscle mass and function, alterations in protein metabolism due to the stress of injury or infection, the role of individual amino acids, the components of proteins, as neurotransmitters, hormones, and modulators of various physiological processes, and the efficacy and safety considerations associated with dietary supplements aimed at enhancing performance.
Author: Christopher Alan Fick
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781109935875
Category : Muscles
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
The age-related decline in muscle mass (sarcopenia) can be attenuated but not completely prevented by resistance exercise. This phenomenon may be attributable in part to diminished overload-induced protein synthesis rates in aged skeletal muscle. While the mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear, potential contributing factors may include age-related differences in the activation of translational signaling through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its direct and indirect downstream targets including the 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6k) and eukaryotic elongation factor-2 (eEF2). Translational signaling is rapidly but transiently elevated following resistance exercise, while protein synthesis rates are not elevated until several hours later. It has been postulated that this early event may therefore be an important priming step for the protein synthesis response, but this hypothesis had not previously been tested. Thus, we first explored this possibility in young adult (Y; 8mo.) male Fischer344 x Brown Norway (FBN) rats by inhibiting early post-resistance exercise [achieved via high frequency electrical stimulation (HFES)] translational signaling via pharmacological activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK, a known inhibitor of translational signaling and protein synthesis) with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR). As hypothesized, this inhibition prevented the exercise-associated increase in protein synthesis rate seen 24 hours later in saline-treated control animals. In a second experiment, in vivo AMPK activity was elevated in skeletal muscle of old (O; 30mo.) but not of Y FBN rats following HFES in both lengthening and shortening skeletal muscle. However, in contrast to the findings with pharmacological AMPK activation, the physiological AMPK response to resistance exercise in O skeletal muscle did not consistently coincide with an apparent inhibitory effect on early post-exercise translational signaling. Interestingly, the protein synthesis response at 24 hours was attenuated with age, but for reasons currently unclear, this only occurred in shortening but not in lengthening skeletal muscle. Taken together, these results suggest that the early post-resistance exercise elevation in translational signaling may be necessary for the sustained increase in protein synthesis rate seen 24 hours later. However, the normal physiological AMPK response to this HFES protocol in O animals was not consistently associated with discernibly less translational signaling or protein synthesis rates vs. their Y counterparts.
Author: Daniel R. Moore
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
Author: Yuji Ogura
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889716392
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 149
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Book Description
Author: Stephen Welle
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461214580
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
A succinct review of hundreds of studies on the regulation of protein mass and protein turnover in the human body. The book summarizes the biochemistry of protein synthesis and breakdown, and explains the methods that are used to examine protein metabolism in humans, together with their limitations. Chapters review the effects of nutrition, hormones, metabolic substrates, and physical activity, while various topics of clinical interest include cancer, diabetes, tissue injury, pregnancy, renal disease, muscular dystrophies, and other conditions. Normal values are presented for turnover of proteins in the whole body and individual organs, and for turnover of many individual proteins. This is thus a valuable resource for physiologists, nutritionists, and clinicians interested in the regulation of body protein stores in health and disease. For scientists primarily interested in the basic aspects of protein metabolism, it shows how the basic knowledge is being applied to the study of humans.
Author: Leonidas G. Karagounis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Exercise
Languages : en
Pages : 592
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Book Description
Author: Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (France)
Publisher:
ISBN: 9782865802296
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 474
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Book Description
Author: J. Gordon Betts
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781947172807
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Nahum Sonenberg
Publisher: CSHL Press
ISBN: 9780879696184
Category : Gene expression
Languages : en
Pages : 1034
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Book Description
Since the 1996 publication of Translational Control, there has been fresh interest in protein synthesis and recognition of the key role of translation control mechanisms in regulating gene expression. This new monograph updates and expands the scope of the earlier book but it also takes a fresh look at the field. In a new format, the first eight chapters provide broad overviews, while each of the additional twenty-eight has a focus on a research topic of more specific interest. The result is a thoroughly up-to-date account of initiation, elongation, and termination of translation, control mechanisms in development in response to extracellular stimuli, and the effects on the translation machinery of virus infection and disease. This book is essential reading for students entering the field and an invaluable resource for investigators of gene expression and its control.
