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Author: S.H. Fatemi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387767614
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 473
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Book Description
Reelin glycoprotein is a serine protease with important roles in embryogenesis and during adult life. This comprehensive and integrative book examines the role that reelin plays in the etiology of various neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and autism. The book provides an unprecedented analysis of this emerging and novel protein by examining evidence from genetic, neuroanatomic, biochemical, and behavioral studies.
Author: S.H. Fatemi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387767614
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 473
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Book Description
Reelin glycoprotein is a serine protease with important roles in embryogenesis and during adult life. This comprehensive and integrative book examines the role that reelin plays in the etiology of various neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and autism. The book provides an unprecedented analysis of this emerging and novel protein by examining evidence from genetic, neuroanatomic, biochemical, and behavioral studies.
Author: Serene Keilani
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Astrocytes
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
The end of neurogenesis in the human brain is marked by the transformation of the neural progenitors, the radial glial cells, into astrocytes. This event coincides with the reduction of Reelin expression, a glycoprotein that regulates neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. A recent study showed that the dentate gyrus of the adult reeler mice, with homozygous mutation in the RELIN gene, have reduced neurogenesis relative to the wild type. Based on the above findings, our first hypothesis states that Reelin expression is important for the formation of radial glia and the generation of neurons from the neural progenitors. In order to investigate the role of Reelin in the process of cortical neurogenesis during development, we used human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) that were isolated from a fetal cortex. These cells do not express Reelin. In this study, we show that Reelin addition to these hNPCs in vitro induced the formation of radial glia and increased neurogenesis significantly. Next, we investigated the mechanism by which Reelin increases the formation of radial glia and the generation of neurons. The formation of radial glia is under the control of two pathways, these are the Reelin and the Notch-1 signaling pathways. Since the level of Notch-1 activation determines if a cell would become a radial glia or an astrocyte, and since the absence of Reelin allows the transformation of a radial glia into astrocyte, we hypothesized that Reelin induces the formation of radial glia via activating Notch-1 signaling. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of Reelin addition on Notch-1 activation in hNPCs. We found that Reelin addition in vitro activated Notch-1 signaling by increasing the level of Notch-1 intracellular domain (NICD). On the other hand, reducing NICD release, by inhibiting [gamma]-secretase activity, inhibited the Reelin-induced radial glia, confirming that Reelin's effect on the formation of radial glia is dependent on Notch-1 activation. Furthermore, we found that the Reelin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Disabled-1 (Dab-1), an adaptor protein downstream of Reelin, and the subsequent activation of Src family kinases, are essential steps for Notch-1 activation by Reelin. Finally, we found that Reelin addition increased the binding of Dab-1, recently identified as a nucleoshuttling protein, to NICD and enhanced NICD translocation to the nucleus. This resulted in the induction of BLBP expression and the subsequent formation of radial glia. Taken together, these data show that Reelin signaling, mediated by Dab-1 and Src kinase, activates Notch-1 signaling in hNPCs resulting in the induction of BLBP expression, the formation of radial glia and the generation of neurons. This work is novel because it provides that first evidence that Reelin expression is an important signal for the neuronal differentiation of the hNPCs. It also shows the crosstalk between Reelin and Notch-1 signaling, two major pathways in development and cell fate determination. The work is significant because it improves our understanding of the role of Reelin signaling in cell fate determination, differentiation and neurogenesis for the future manipulation of these processes to restore adult brain functions after brain injury or in neurodegenerative diseases.
Author: N. Ulfig
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642594255
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 145
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Book Description
"This book is primarily written for neuroscientists who will always be interested in the role of calcium in the internal neuronal environment. The objectives are well met. The authors are credible authorities in the field and are the most appropriate to discuss calcium in neuronal development...Through multiple excellent quality pictures, this book shows evidence of the potential roles of calcium in the modulation of development as well as on the determination of programmed cell death. " Review from Doody's Notes
Author: Andre M. Goffinet
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540480021
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 347
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Book Description
Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in mammalian brain development remains limited. However, the last few years have wit nessed a quantum leap in our knowledge, due to technological improve ments, particularly in molecular genetics. Despite this progress, the available body of data remains mostly phenomenological and reveals very little about the grammar that organizes the molecular dictionary to articulate a pheno type. Nevertheless, the recent progress in genetics will allow us to contem plate, for the first time, the integration of observation into a coherent view of brain development. Clearly, this may be a major challenge for the next century, and arguably is the most important task of contemporary develop mental biology. The purpose of the present book is to provide an overview that syn thesizes up-to-date information on selected aspects of mouse brain devel opment. Given the format, it was not possible to cover all aspects of brain development, and many important subjects are missing. The selected themes are, to a certain extent, subjective and reflect the interests of the contributing authors. Examples of major themes that are not covered are peripheral nervous system development, including myelination, the development of the hippocampus and several other CNS structures, as well as the developmental function of some important morphoregulatory molecules.
Author: Dirk M. Dhossche
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN: 9780123668721
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 528
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Book Description
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was discovered in the brain in 1950 by Eugene Roberts. GABA is now considered one of the most important neurotransmitters and developmental signals. Knowledge on the complexity of GABA function is increasing exponentially. This volume covers basic research on GABA in the developing brain as it may relate to onset of autism and related developmental disorders. The evidence that dysfunction of GABA and related molecules is associated with autism is limited but expanding and seems to converge. Pertinent data are reviewed in this book and new research avenues in the basic and clinical arenas are described. The topics are of imminent interest to basic and clinical researchers as well as interested clinicians. * Discusses the neuropathology of the GABA system in autism * Presents new findings on common genetic mechanisms in Rett syndrome, Angelman syndrome, and autism * Includes information on the shared genetic risk factors between autism and major mental disorders * Foreword by Eugene Roberts
Author: Catherine Lambert de Rouvroit
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642722571
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 117
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Book Description
Only five years ago, nobody in his right mind would have consid ered publishing a book on reeler as a model for brain develop ment. Although this interesting mutation has been with us for half a century, it is fair to say that, in spite of a wave of enthusiasm in the late sixties and early seventies, generated primarily by Sidman, Caviness and colleagues, studies of reeler mice fell pro gressively out of fashion during the next two decades. All that changed almost overnight when the cloning of the reeler gene, dubbed reelin, was reported in Tom Curran's laboratory in 1995. The fact that the same gene was identified at the same time independently by two other groups using positional cloning sug gested strongly that reelin was the right candidate. Although the key experiments of transgenic rescue have not been made (and perhaps will never be), the equation "reeler is reelin" has been established beyond reasonable doubt, as alterations of the reelin gene and/or its expression have been found in at least five alleles of reeler and in the mutation Shaking Rat Kawasaki (SRK), an ortholog of reeler.
Author: Carlo Cosimo Quattrocchi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123973473
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1081
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Book Description
The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 2 offers 56 high level articles devoted mainly to Formation of Axons and Dendrites, Migration, Synaptogenesis, Developmental Sequences in the Maturation of Intrinsic and Synapse Driven Patterns. Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship Volume 2 sections include coverage of mechanisms which regulate: the formation of axons and dendrites, cell migration, synapse formation and maintenance during development, and neural activity, from cell-intrinsic maturation to early correlated patterns of activity
Author: Jacob Peedicayil
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443185174
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 418
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Book Description
Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Epigenetics, Second Edition is a comprehensive reference on the epigenetic basis of common neuropsychiatric disorders. The volume is organized into chapters covering individual neuropsychiatric disorders, from addiction to anxiety and autism spectrum disorders, and is contributed by leading experts in their respective fields. The epigenetic aspects of each disorder are discussed, in the context of the full range of associated epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA modification, histone post-translational modification, chromatin organization, and non-coding RNA. A particular emphasis is placed on potential epigenetic interventions, when the effects of environmental stimuli on epigenetic states is particularly relevant to disease. This new edition has been fully updated to reflect recent research advances enabled by genomic technologies, as well as therapeutic interventions for previously unmanageable disorders. Several new chapters have been added on disorders or approaches not considered in the earlier edition, including epigenetics and anxiety disorders, epigenetics and neuroimaging in neuropsychiatric disorders, genome-wide approaches to epigenetic research, and the epigenetics of spinal muscular atrophy. By helping to define epigenetics as a key player in neuropsychiatric disorders, this volume empowers new research, clinical translation, and pharmacological advances, and highlights promising directions for ongoing investigation. Analyzes the effects of environmental stimuli on epigenetic states that correlate with neuropsychiatric disease induction Reviews the epigenetic basis for common neuropsychiatric disorders, thereby guiding translational therapies for clinicians and mechanistic studies for scientists Features extensive use of diagrams, illustrations, tables, and graphical abstracts for each section to reinforce understanding Includes chapter contributions from leading global experts
Author: Manmeet Ahluwalia
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030234177
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 421
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Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive overview of brain metastases, from the molecular biology aspects to therapeutic management and perspectives. Due to the increasing incidence of these tumors and the urgent need to effectively control brain metastatic diseases in these patients, new therapeutic strategies have emerged in recent years. The volume discusses all these innovative approaches combined with new surgical techniques (fluorescence, functional mapping, integrated navigation), novel radiation therapy techniques (stereotactic radiosurgery) and new systemic treatment approaches such as targeted- and immunotherapy. These combination strategies represent a new therapeutic model in brain metastatic patients in which each medical practitioner (neurosurgeon, neurologist, medical oncologist, radiation oncologist) plays a pivotal role in defining the optimal treatment in a multidisciplinary approach. Written by recognized experts in the field, this book is a valuable tool for neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists, neuroradiologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, cognitive therapists, basic scientists and students working in the area of brain tumors.