Reduction of Air Intake Contamination in High-rise Residential Buildings in an Urban Environment PDF Download
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Author: Hongwei Yan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air quality management
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The re-ingestion of toxic or odorous gases exhausted from rooftop stacks of a building may be a cause of indoor air quality problems of the same or an adjacent building. Although many experimental studies have been carried out to investigate the dispersion of exhaust from low-rise buildings, relatively little work has been conducted for high-rise buildings. The present study examines the dispersion of pollutants from rooftop stacks on high-rise buildings and their effect on adjacent buildings. The water flume of the Building Aerodynamics Laboratory (BAL) has been used to carry out flow visualization experiments to identify building configurations that may produce exhaust re-ingestion. Results from the water flume were verified in the boundary layer wind tunnel of the BAL using the tracer gas technique. General flow patterns are discussed in terms of dilution contours. Thirteen empirical equations of the minimum dilution variation with different building configurations have been derived based on a significant amount of experimental data. The effects of various factors are investigated. The dilution measurement results are compared with prediction from ASHRAE dilution model and those from other recent similar studies. It was found that the distance of stack to wall inlet and the exhaust momentum ratio affect the exhaust dilution dramatically. However, the stack location does not make any significant difference on dilution within the wake cavity zone with the same stack distance. Higher stack provides higher wall dilution. The gap between emitting and adjacent buildings affects the distribution of dilution, but it does not affect the value of the minimum dilution.
Author: Hongwei Yan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air quality management
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The re-ingestion of toxic or odorous gases exhausted from rooftop stacks of a building may be a cause of indoor air quality problems of the same or an adjacent building. Although many experimental studies have been carried out to investigate the dispersion of exhaust from low-rise buildings, relatively little work has been conducted for high-rise buildings. The present study examines the dispersion of pollutants from rooftop stacks on high-rise buildings and their effect on adjacent buildings. The water flume of the Building Aerodynamics Laboratory (BAL) has been used to carry out flow visualization experiments to identify building configurations that may produce exhaust re-ingestion. Results from the water flume were verified in the boundary layer wind tunnel of the BAL using the tracer gas technique. General flow patterns are discussed in terms of dilution contours. Thirteen empirical equations of the minimum dilution variation with different building configurations have been derived based on a significant amount of experimental data. The effects of various factors are investigated. The dilution measurement results are compared with prediction from ASHRAE dilution model and those from other recent similar studies. It was found that the distance of stack to wall inlet and the exhaust momentum ratio affect the exhaust dilution dramatically. However, the stack location does not make any significant difference on dilution within the wake cavity zone with the same stack distance. Higher stack provides higher wall dilution. The gap between emitting and adjacent buildings affects the distribution of dilution, but it does not affect the value of the minimum dilution.
Author: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. External Research Program
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air flow
Languages : en
Pages : 27
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Book Description
The purpose of this project was to evaluate the dispersion of pollutants from rooftop sources on high-rise buildings so that guidelines on the placement of stacks and air intake grilles for HVAC systems could be developed. The reingestion of building exhaust into fresh air intakes has been shown to adversely affect indoor air quality. Often the source of the contaminants is an adjacent building, which may or may not be a residential structure. Although a number of experimental studies have investigated the dispersion of exhaust from low-rise buildings, relatively little work has been conducted concerning high-rise buildings. This study provides some guidelines to building designers concerning the placement of fresh-air intakes on such buildings. The placement evaluation was based on water flume tests and modeling of air movement around high-rise buildings given confounding factors such as the height and proximity of neighboring buildings. A literature survey of relevant research on air intake grille location and contamination potential was also undertaken.
Author: T. Stathopoulos
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air flow
Languages : en
Pages : 27
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Book Description
The purpose of this project was to evaluate the dispersion of pollutants from rooftop sources on high-rise buildings so that guidelines on the placement of stacks and air intake grilles for HVAC systems could be developed. The reingestion of building exhaust into fresh air intakes has been shown to adversely affect indoor air quality. Often the source of the contaminants is an adjacent building, which may or may not be a residential structure. Although a number of experimental studies have investigated the dispersion of exhaust from low-rise buildings, relatively little work has been conducted concerning high-rise buildings. This study provides some guidelines to building designers concerning the placement of fresh-air intakes on such buildings. The placement evaluation was based on water flume tests and modeling of air movement around high-rise buildings given confounding factors such as the height and proximity of neighboring buildings. A literature survey of relevant research on air intake grille location and contamination potential was also undertaken.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air flow
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Book Description
Author: Francis Allard
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136560645
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
Throughout the world, there is an increasing interest in ecological design of buildings, and natural ventilation has proved to be the most efficient low-energy cooling technique. Its practical application, however, is hindered by the lack of information on the complex relationship between the building and its urban environment. In this book, a team of experts provide first-hand information and tools on the efficient use of natural ventilation in urban buildings. Key design principles are explained, enabling readers to decide on the best solution for natural ventilation of buildings, taking into account climate and urban context. In the initial sketches, architects need answers to open problems such as 'what kind of solution to adopt' and 'how to modify existing strategies to exploit the potential of the site'. This book formalizes the multi-criteria analysis of candidate solutions based on quantitative and qualitative estimation of the driving forces (wind and buoyancy), as well as of the barriers induced by the urban environment (wind speed reduction, noise and pollution) and gives a methodology for optimal design of openings. The book is accompanied by a FREE CD, containing software for assessing the potential of a given site, estimating wind speed and dimensioning the openings for natural ventilation. The methodologies and tools are tested, self-contained and user friendly. About the editors The editors, Cristian Ghiaus and Francis Allard, are affiliated with the University of La Rochelle, France. The authors and reviewers combine expertise from universities, research institutions and industry in Belgium, France, Great Britain, Greece, Portugal and Switzerland.
Author: Antony Wood
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135872112
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 183
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Book Description
Tall buildings are not the only solution for achieving sustainability through increased density in cities but, given the scale of current population shifts, the vertical city is increasingly being seen as the most viable solution for many urban centers. However, the full implications of concentrating more people on smaller plots of land by building vertically - whether for work, residential or leisure functions - needs to be better researched and understood. It is generally accepted that we need to reduce the energy equation – in both operating and embodied terms – of every component and system in the building as an essential element in making it more sustainable. Mechanical HVAC systems (Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning) in tall office buildings typically account for 30-40 percent of overall building energy consumption. The increased efficiency (or possibly even elimination) of these mechanical systems – through the provision of natural ventilation – could thus be argued to be the most important single step we could make in making tall buildings more sustainable. This guide sets out recommendations for every phase of the planning, construction and operation of natural ventilation systems in these buildings, including local climatic factors that need to be taken into account, how to plan for seasonal variations in weather, and the risks in adopting different implementation strategies. All of the recommendations are based on analysis of the research findings from richly-illustrated international case studies. Tried and tested solutions to real-life problems make this an essential guide for anyone working on the design and operation of tall buildings anywhere in the world. This is the first technical guide from the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat’s Tall Buildings & Sustainability Working Group looking in depth at a key element in the creation of tall buildings with a much-reduced environmental impact, while taking the industry closer to an appreciation of what constitutes a sustainable tall building, and what factors affect the sustainability threshold for tall.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air quality
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Author: Vina Kukadia
Publisher: Bre Press
ISBN: 9781848061477
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Practical guidance on developing effective ventilation strategies for reducing ingress of external pollution into buildings, while maintaining adequate ventilation. It takes account of air pollutant sources (near and far) and assesses their impact.
Author: Runming Yao
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031554825
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 389
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Book Description
Author: Peter Brimblecombe
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1783261366
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 449
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Book Description
Air pollution damages materials, but it has changed dramatically in the past century, with a reduction in the concentration of corrosive primary pollutants in urban atmospheres. At the same time, architectural styles and types of materials have changed, as we have moved to more organically rich, photochemically active atmospheres.Contemporary air pollutants have the potential to degrade organic coatings and polymers, which are of great importance to modern structures, while increasing amounts of fine diesel soot spoil the simple lines and smooth areas characteristic of many modern buildings.This book examines a range of materials, discussing the ways in which they are likely to be damaged by air pollutants. It should be of interest to scientists and policymakers dealing with the effects of urban air pollution.
