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Author: Pierre Toldano
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9789810223649
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 424
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Book Description
This book deals with the phenomenological theory of first-order structural phase transitions, with a special emphasis on reconstructive transformations in which a group-subgroup relationship between the symmetries of the phases is absent. It starts with a unified presentation of the current approach to first-order phase transitions, using the more recent results of the Landau theory of phase transitions and of the theory of singularities. A general theory of reconstructive phase transitions is then formulated, in which the structures surrounding a transition are expressed in terms of density-waves, providing a natural definition of the transition order-parameters, and a description of the corresponding phase diagrams and relevant physical properties. The applicability of the theory is illustrated by a large number of concrete examples pertaining to the various classes of reconstructive transitions: allotropic transformations of the elements, displacive and order-disorder transformations in metals, alloys and related structures, crystal-quasicrystal transformations.
Author: Pierre Toldano
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9789810223649
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 424
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Book Description
This book deals with the phenomenological theory of first-order structural phase transitions, with a special emphasis on reconstructive transformations in which a group-subgroup relationship between the symmetries of the phases is absent. It starts with a unified presentation of the current approach to first-order phase transitions, using the more recent results of the Landau theory of phase transitions and of the theory of singularities. A general theory of reconstructive phase transitions is then formulated, in which the structures surrounding a transition are expressed in terms of density-waves, providing a natural definition of the transition order-parameters, and a description of the corresponding phase diagrams and relevant physical properties. The applicability of the theory is illustrated by a large number of concrete examples pertaining to the various classes of reconstructive transitions: allotropic transformations of the elements, displacive and order-disorder transformations in metals, alloys and related structures, crystal-quasicrystal transformations.
Author: Yurii Aleksandrovich Izyumov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400919204
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 462
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Book Description
About half a century ago Landau formulated the central principles of the phe nomenological second-order phase transition theory which is based on the idea of spontaneous symmetry breaking at phase transition. By means of this ap proach it has been possible to treat phase transitions of different nature in altogether distinct systems from a unified viewpoint, to embrace the aforemen tioned transitions by a unified body of mathematics and to show that, in a certain sense, physical systems in the vicinity of second-order phase transitions exhibit universal behavior. For several decades the Landau method has been extensively used to an alyze specific phase transitions in systems and has been providing a basis for interpreting experimental data on the behavior of physical characteristics near the phase transition, including the behavior of these characteristics in systems subject to various external effects such as pressure, electric and magnetic fields, deformation, etc. The symmetry aspects of Landau's theory are perhaps most effective in analyzing phase transitions in crystals because the relevant body of mathemat ics for this symmetry, namely, the crystal space group representation, has been worked out in great detail. Since particular phase transitions in crystals often call for a subtle symmetry analysis, the Landau method has been continually refined and developed over the past ten or fifteen years.
Author: Pierre Toldano
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9789810232603
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 476
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Book Description
This important and timely book deals with the theoretical and experimental investigation of the phase transitions which occur in complex fluid systems, namely lyotropic systems, microemulsions, colloids, gels, polymers, biological membranes, Langmuir monolayers, and ferrofluids. It contains 20-odd review papers from the major contributors to this rapidly growing field of research, summarizing the main results obtained in the description and understanding of the phase transitions taking place between the isotopic, nematic, cholesteric, lamellar, hexagonal, and cubic mesophases of complex fluids.
Author: Vladimir Dmitriev
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1800612931
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 469
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Book Description
Discontinuous (first-order) phase transitions constitute the most fundamental and widespread type of structural transitions existing in Nature, forming a large majority of the transitions found in elemental crystals, alloys, inorganic compounds, minerals and complex fluids. Nevertheless, only a small part of them, namely, weakly discontinuous transformations, were considered by phenomenological theories, leaving aside the most interesting from a theoretical point of view and the most important for application cases. Discontinuous Phase Transitions in Condensed Matter introduces a density-wave approach to phase transitions which results in a unified, symmetry-based, model-free theory of the weak crystallization of molecular mixtures to liquid-crystalline mesophases, strongly discontinuous crystallization from molten metals and alloys to conventional, fully segregated crystals, to aperiodic, quasi-crystalline structures. Assembly of aperiodic closed virus capsids with non-crystallographic symmetry also falls into the domain of applicability of the density-wave approach.The book also considers the applicability domains of the symmetry-based approach in physics of low-dimensional systems. It includes comparisons of stability of different surface superstructures and metal monoatomic coverage structures on the surface of single-crystalline substrates. The example of the twisted graphene bilayer demonstrates how parametrization in the spirit of an advanced phenomenological approach can establish symmetry-controlled, and therefore model-free, links between geometrical parameters of the twisted bilayer structure and reconstruction of its Brillouin zone and energy bands.
Author: Antonio Martins Figueiredo Neto
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814496960
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 467
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Book Description
This important and timely book deals with the theoretical and experimental investigation of the phase transitions which occur in complex fluid systems, namely lyotropic systems, microemulsions, colloids, biological membranes, and ferrofluids. It contains 17-odd review papers from the major contributors to this rapidly growing field of research, summarizing the main results obtained in the description and understanding of the phase transitions taking place between the isotropic, nematic, cholesteric, lamellar, hexagonal, and cubic mesophases of complex fluids.
Author: Yuri Mnyukh
Publisher: Directscientific Press
ISBN: 9780615339726
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
The author's experimental discoveries in the field of solid-state phase transitions have brought about a thorough explanation of this phenomenon, including the puzzling nature of "lamda-anomalies." These phase transitions are found to be always a nucleation and crystal growth in a solid medium, while "second (or higher) order" phase transitions are a misconception: they do not exist. Ramifications of this new understanding are substatial. In this book the reader will find the first unified account for fundamentals of the three great areas of solid-state physics? Phase transitions, ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity, free of the inconsistencies of the conventional theories.
Author: Keiichiro Nasu
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814483192
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
A new class of insulating solids was recently discovered. When irradiated by a few visible photons, these solids give rise to a macroscopic excited domain that has new structural and electronic orders quite different from the starting ground state. This occurrence is called “photoinduced phase transition”, and this multi-authored book reviews recent theoretical and experimental studies of this new phenomenon.Why and how do photoexcited few electrons finally result in an excited domain with a macroscopic size? How is the resultant photoinduced phase different from the ordinary thermal-induced phase? This review volume answers those essential questions.This book has been selected for coverage in:• CC / Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences• Index to Scientific Book Contents® (ISBC)
Author: Antônio M. Figueiredo Neto
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191523488
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
This book gives a comprehensive description of the physical properties of lyotropic liquid crystals. Structural features, phase transitions and phase diagrams are discussed in detail. The available experimental data on lyotropic mixtures is presented in the unifying context of the Landau theories. This phenomenological approach is used for establishing connections between structural properties and phase diagrams. The book is suitable for use as a pedagogical introduction to the subject.
Author: J.G. Dash
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461330572
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 369
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Book Description
The Advanced Study Institute on Phase Transitions in Surface Films was held at the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Cul ture in Erice, Sicily, during June 11 to June 25, 1979. This Institute was the second course of the International School of Low Temperature Physics which was established at the Centre in 1977, with the guidance and inspiration of T. Regge and A. Zichichi. The 1979 course selected a topic on one of the most rapidly advancing fields of condensed matter physics in the late 70's. The program of topics and speakers was developed with the advice of the Organizing Committee, composed of J. Friedel, N. D. Mermin, R. E. Peierls, T. Regge and J. Wheatley. These two weeks were memorable for the range and depth of the lectures and seminars, and the sustained high interest of the students and faculty through a damanding schedule of over 5 hours a day of formal sessions. A large fraction of the leading researchers in the field were there. It would have been impossible to gather such a large group five years earlier, for the field itself is hardly 10 years old. Although the foundations of the thermodynamics of surface films were laid down by Gibbs about 100 years ago, and experiments on oil/water monolayers were carried out by Pockels and Rayleigh at about the same time, the beginnings of the modern field were much more recent.
Author: Susan Trolier-McKinstry
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107103789
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 633
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Book Description
An easy-to-read textbook linking together bond strength and the arrangement of atoms in space with the properties that they control.
