Recent Advances and Perspectives on the Gastrointestinal Microbiota of Small Ruminants PDF Download
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Author: Anusorn Cherdthong
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832554571
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 427
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Book Description
Ruminants are hoofed mammals with a unique digestive system that allows them to better create energy from fibrous plant material than other herbivores. Small ruminants (such as sheep and goats) play an important role in global food security and nutrition, as well as in the livelihoods of farmers and others along the food chain. Due to the unique digestive systems of ruminants, many major studies have focused on the effects of high-concentrate diets on rumen fermentation, ruminal acidosis, and their microbial properties and functions. Therefore, paying attention to the intestinal health of small ruminants during the rapid fattening stage has important implications for their health and productivity. Ruminants host a taxonomically diverse microbiota in their rumen, which is generally considered to be the most efficient natural fermentation system. Rumen microorganisms facilitate the degradation of otherwise indigestible plant fibres into absorbable compounds such as proteins and volatile fatty acids, the main source of energy and nutrition for ruminants. They are composed of a complex and dynamic assembly of bacteria, fungi, archaea, protozoa, and viruses. Diets and additives directly affect the number and viability of rumen microorganisms.
Author: Anusorn Cherdthong
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832554571
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 427
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Book Description
Ruminants are hoofed mammals with a unique digestive system that allows them to better create energy from fibrous plant material than other herbivores. Small ruminants (such as sheep and goats) play an important role in global food security and nutrition, as well as in the livelihoods of farmers and others along the food chain. Due to the unique digestive systems of ruminants, many major studies have focused on the effects of high-concentrate diets on rumen fermentation, ruminal acidosis, and their microbial properties and functions. Therefore, paying attention to the intestinal health of small ruminants during the rapid fattening stage has important implications for their health and productivity. Ruminants host a taxonomically diverse microbiota in their rumen, which is generally considered to be the most efficient natural fermentation system. Rumen microorganisms facilitate the degradation of otherwise indigestible plant fibres into absorbable compounds such as proteins and volatile fatty acids, the main source of energy and nutrition for ruminants. They are composed of a complex and dynamic assembly of bacteria, fungi, archaea, protozoa, and viruses. Diets and additives directly affect the number and viability of rumen microorganisms.
Author: Alejandro Belanche
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288966483X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 437
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Book Description
Author: Marc Maresca
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038424706
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 299
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Book Description
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by molds. Although the primary role of these toxins is thought to be related to the colonisation of the environment by the fungi--mycotoxins are able to kill other micro-organisms (antimicrobial effect) and/or plant cells (mycotoxin-producing fungi being necrophagic)--the exposure of animals and humans to mycotoxins through the consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated food and feeds leads to diseases and death. Among the different mycotoxins described (more than 350 mycotoxins have been identified), deoxynivalenol (DON or vomitoxin) produced by Fusarium species has attracted the most attention due to its prevalence and toxicity. DON is part of a family of mycotoxins called trichothecenes that are small sesquiterpenoids with an epoxide group at positions 12-13 allowing their binding to ribosomes causing the so-called ribosome stress response, characterized by the activation of various protein kinases that lead to alterations in gene expression and cellular toxicity in animals, humans and plants. Here, we compiled very recent findings regarding DON and its derivatives: i) their prevalence in human food; ii) the estimation of the exposure of humans to them using biological markers; iii) their roles during plant-fungi interaction; iv) the alteration caused by them in animals and humans, particularly at low doses that are close to those observed in farm animals and human consumers; v) possible strategies to decrease their presence in food and feeds. Overall, this book will give the reader a clear and global view on this important mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species which is responsible for huge economic loss and health issues. Dr. Marc Maresca Guest Editor
Author: Veerasamy Sejian
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811698368
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
This book describes the importance of sustainable livestock production from a food security perspective in the changing climate scenario. It covers the amelioration of climate change impacts and describes the various mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane emissions. The book targets sustainable livestock production by covering diverse concepts of amelioration, mitigation, and policy up-gradation. Further, it examines various adverse impacts of climate change on growth, meat, milk, and reproduction in livestock. Most importantly, the book covers novel aspects of quantifying heat stress response of livestock based on non-invasive methodologies, including infrared thermal imaging, sensor-based applications, hair, urine, and fecal cortisol estimation. Particular emphasis was given to describing the skin-based novel approaches to establish climate resilience in indigenous breeds. The book provides detailed descriptions of alleviating climate change impacts on shelter management, nutritional interventions, and genetics-based strategies involving advanced genomic tools. Lastly, it highlights the livestock species which could be considered ideal climate-resilient animal models to withstand the adversities associated with climate change.
Author: Wilson G. Pond
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439897859
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
What constitutes animal welfare? With animals being used for companionship, service, research, food, fiber, and by-products, animal welfare is a topic of great interest and importance to society. As the world's population continues to increase, a major challenge for society is the maintenance of a strong and viable food system, which is linked to t
Author: Rossana Coda
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889660923
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Author: Mark Lyte
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1493908979
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 440
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Book Description
The field of microbial endocrinology is expressly devoted to understanding the mechanisms by which the microbiota (bacteria within the microbiome) interact with the host (“us”). This interaction is a two-way street and the driving force that governs these interactions are the neuroendocrine products of both the host and the microbiota. Chapters include neuroendocrine hormone-induced changes in gene expression and microbial endocrinology and probiotics. This is the first in a series of books dedicated to understanding how bi-directional communication between host and bacteria represents the cutting edge of translational medical research, and hopefully identifies new ways to understand the mechanisms that determine health and disease.
Author:
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 0850142040
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
In recent years, great progress has been made in the field of essential oils as scientific research has revealed new insights into the biological benefits, healing properties, and other uses. Interest in their use in various industries, such as medicine, agriculture, food, and cosmetics, has increased. Essential oils have found their place in many applications, thus fueling a wave of scientific research and industrial applications. This book explores these recent developments in detail, revealing new perspectives and applications of essential oils. It combines historical knowledge with the latest research to provide a comprehensive overview of the field. By exploring the ancient legacy of aromatic plants and their traditional medicinal uses, as well as delving into the latest research and industrial applications, this book provides a comprehensive understanding of essential oils and their potential.
Author: Christian Nawroth
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889630544
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 119
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Book Description
Research on animal learning and cognition has so far mainly focused on a few prominent model species, including primates, corvids and dogs. For years, comparative psychologists and ethologists have been suggesting that more animal species should be considered in comparative cognitive science. The abundance and accessibility of livestock offer an opportunity, not merely to extend the comparative approach, but also to deepen our knowledge of the mental lives of farm animals. Such approaches also help to assess the needs of farm animals, in order to improve their welfare. In recent years, scientific interest in different aspects of farm animal psychology, including emotionality, personality and cognitive capacities, has been on the rise, proving that farm animals have sophisticated cognitive skills to comprehend and cope with their environment. As knowledge of how farm animals perceive and interact with their physical and social environments is crucial for animal welfare, the aim of this Research Topic is to promote investigations of farm animal cognitive capacities and their implications for animal welfare-related issues. We have therefore collected original research and review articles, as well as opinion and perspective papers that are distributed among the two hosting magazines, Frontiers in Veterinary Science (section Animal Behavior and Welfare) and Frontiers in Psychology (section Comparative Psychology). The published articles present state-of-the-art research on farm animal learning and cognition, highlight future perspectives in this research area and pinpoint shortcomings and limitations in interpreting current findings. They offer new cross-disciplinary frameworks (e.g. links between affective states and cognition) and discuss the applied implementation of these findings (e.g. cognitive enrichment). These contributions will increase our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms that enable farm animals to effectively interact with their environment and pave the way for future cross-disciplinary endeavors.
Author: Ronald Ross Watson
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128023716
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 940
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Book Description
Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics: Bioactive Foods in Health Promotion reviews and presents new hypotheses and conclusions on the effects of different bioactive components of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics to prevent disease and improve the health of various populations. Experts define and support the actions of bacteria; bacteria modified bioflavonoids and prebiotic fibrous materials and vegetable compounds. A major emphasis is placed on the health-promoting activities and bioactive components of probiotic bacteria. - Offers a novel focus on synbiotics, carefully designed prebiotics probiotics combinations to help design functional food and nutraceutical products - Discusses how prebiotics and probiotics are complementary and can be incorporated into food products and used as alternative medicines - Defines the variety of applications of probiotics in health and disease resistance and provides key insights into how gut flora are modified by specific food materials - Includes valuable information on how prebiotics are important sources of micro-and macronutrients that modify body functions
