Radar Scattering from Modulated Wind Waves PDF Download
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Author: G.J. Komen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400923090
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 265
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Book Description
Ten years ago, de Loor and co-workers at TNO, The Netherlands, were the first to report bottom topography patterns in real aperture radar (RAR) images of the southern North Sea. At that time, this was a real puzzle. The skin depth of microwaves for sea water is only of the order of centimeters while the sea bottom is about 20 meters below the surface. Electromagnetic radiation therefore cannot probe the bottom directly. Similar phenomena were found in radar imagery from SEASAT and SIR-AlB synthetic aperture radars (SAR's) of Nantucket Shoals, the English Channel and many other coastal areas. Since then theory and ocean field experiments (Le., Phelps Bank, Georgia Straits, SARSEX, TOWARD, FASINEX, etc.) have advanced our understanding considerably. We now know that these surface signatures are the results of surface currents, perturbed by the bottom topography, which refract the propagation and modulate the energy of (short) surface waves so as to cause microwave backscatter power variations. Hence, any large scale ocean features containing nonuniform surface currents (i.e. internal waves, eddies, fronts, etc.) will cause similar manifestations in the radar imagery by means of current-wave-microwave interactions. Observations confirm this.
Author: G.J. Komen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400923090
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 265
Get Book Here
Book Description
Ten years ago, de Loor and co-workers at TNO, The Netherlands, were the first to report bottom topography patterns in real aperture radar (RAR) images of the southern North Sea. At that time, this was a real puzzle. The skin depth of microwaves for sea water is only of the order of centimeters while the sea bottom is about 20 meters below the surface. Electromagnetic radiation therefore cannot probe the bottom directly. Similar phenomena were found in radar imagery from SEASAT and SIR-AlB synthetic aperture radars (SAR's) of Nantucket Shoals, the English Channel and many other coastal areas. Since then theory and ocean field experiments (Le., Phelps Bank, Georgia Straits, SARSEX, TOWARD, FASINEX, etc.) have advanced our understanding considerably. We now know that these surface signatures are the results of surface currents, perturbed by the bottom topography, which refract the propagation and modulate the energy of (short) surface waves so as to cause microwave backscatter power variations. Hence, any large scale ocean features containing nonuniform surface currents (i.e. internal waves, eddies, fronts, etc.) will cause similar manifestations in the radar imagery by means of current-wave-microwave interactions. Observations confirm this.
Author: G.J. Komen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0792301463
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 275
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Book Description
Ten years ago, de Loor and co-workers at TNO, The Netherlands, were the first to report bottom topography patterns in real aperture radar (RAR) images of the southern North Sea. At that time, this was a real puzzle. The skin depth of microwaves for sea water is only of the order of centimeters while the sea bottom is about 20 meters below the surface. Electromagnetic radiation therefore cannot probe the bottom directly. Similar phenomena were found in radar imagery from SEASAT and SIR-AlB synthetic aperture radars (SAR's) of Nantucket Shoals, the English Channel and many other coastal areas. Since then theory and ocean field experiments (Le., Phelps Bank, Georgia Straits, SARSEX, TOWARD, FASINEX, etc.) have advanced our understanding considerably. We now know that these surface signatures are the results of surface currents, perturbed by the bottom topography, which refract the propagation and modulate the energy of (short) surface waves so as to cause microwave backscatter power variations. Hence, any large scale ocean features containing nonuniform surface currents (i.e. internal waves, eddies, fronts, etc.) will cause similar manifestations in the radar imagery by means of current-wave-microwave interactions. Observations confirm this.
Author: Naval Research Laboratory (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Naval research
Languages : en
Pages : 822
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Book Description
Author: World Meteorological Organization
Publisher: Secretariat to World Meteorological Organization
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
Author: Antony Joseph
Publisher: Newnes
ISBN: 0123914280
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 447
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Book Description
Measuring Ocean Currents: Tools, Technologies, and Data covers all major aspects of ocean current measurements in view of the implications of ocean currents on changing climate, increasing pollution levels, and offshore engineering activities. Although more than 70% of the Earth is covered by ocean, there is limited information on the countless fine- to large-scale water motions taking place within them. This book fills that information gap as the first work that summarizes the state-of-the-art methods and instruments used for surface, subsurface, and abyssal ocean current measurements. Readers of this book will find a wealth of information on Lagrangian measurements, horizontal mapping, imaging, Eulerian measurements, and vertical profiling techniques. In addition, the book describes modern technologies for remote measurement of ocean currents and their signatures, including HF Doppler radar systems, satellite-borne sensors, ocean acoustic tomography, and more. Crucial aspects of ocean currents are described in detail as well, including dispersion of effluents discharged into the sea and transport of beneficial materials—as well as environmentally hazardous materials—from one region to another. The book highlights several important practical applications, showing how measurements relate to climate change and pollution levels, how they affect coastal and offshore engineering activities, and how they can aid in tsunami detection. - Coverage of measurement, mapping and profiling techniques - Descriptions of technologies for remote measurement of ocean currents and their signatures - Reviews crucial aspects of ocean currents, including special emphasis on the planet-spanning thermohaline circulation, known as the ocean's "conveyor belt," and its crucial role in climate change
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 804
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Book Description
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Author: Steven C. Wilhelms
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemistry, Physical and theoretical
Languages : en
Pages : 820
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Book Description
Very Good,No Highlights or Markup,all pages are intact.
Author: Pauline H. Gurewitz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydraulic engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Naval research
Languages : en
Pages : 620
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Book Description
Author: Ronald E. Walker
Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 704
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Book Description
A comprehensive treatment of the light field fluctuations observed below and above the ocean surface caused by air-sea interaction effects, which are light reflection and refraction from the wind roughened sea under clear and overcast conditions as well as whitecaps. Natural light reflected from the sea surface is used to demonstrate how some mathematical procedures can be adapted to model and interpret statistical properties of reflected light. Contains the latest developments regarding hydrologic optics including bi-optical water characteristics.
