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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The lack of an extensive public recharging infrastructure is an important barrier to the growth of the plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) market. Because charging infrastructure is likely to be underutilized during the early stages of market development, it is difficult for decision makers to decide how much to invest in public charging stations. Quantifying the value of public charging infrastructure to current and potential future owners of PEVs is essential for estimating the benefits of charging stations to current PEV owners and for predicting the impact on future PEV sales. This paper estimates consumers' willingness to pay for public charging infrastructure in the context of utility maximization. The objective is to provide a method for valuing charging infrastructure that can inform investment decisions and be used in forecasting models to predict the impacts on future PEV sales. A basic theory of the tangible value of charging infrastructure is developed as a function of PEV type, range, recharging time and existing infrastructure. Existing simulation studies provide functional relationships that quantify the ability of charging infrastructure to enable additional miles of electrified travel. The enabled travel functions are used to predict impact of infrastructure deployment on incremental electrified travel for 1) plug-in hybrids and 2) intra-regional and 3) inter-regional travel by all-electric vehicles. The willingness to pay for increased electrified miles is derived from the willingness to pay for increased electric driving range, based on econometric studies of plug-in vehicle choice. The result is a set of three functions that can be used to calculate the marginal willingness-to-pay for public charging infrastructure as a function of vehicle attributes, existing charging infrastructure, energy prices and annual vehicle travel.
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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The lack of an extensive public recharging infrastructure is an important barrier to the growth of the plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) market. Because charging infrastructure is likely to be underutilized during the early stages of market development, it is difficult for decision makers to decide how much to invest in public charging stations. Quantifying the value of public charging infrastructure to current and potential future owners of PEVs is essential for estimating the benefits of charging stations to current PEV owners and for predicting the impact on future PEV sales. This paper estimates consumers' willingness to pay for public charging infrastructure in the context of utility maximization. The objective is to provide a method for valuing charging infrastructure that can inform investment decisions and be used in forecasting models to predict the impacts on future PEV sales. A basic theory of the tangible value of charging infrastructure is developed as a function of PEV type, range, recharging time and existing infrastructure. Existing simulation studies provide functional relationships that quantify the ability of charging infrastructure to enable additional miles of electrified travel. The enabled travel functions are used to predict impact of infrastructure deployment on incremental electrified travel for 1) plug-in hybrids and 2) intra-regional and 3) inter-regional travel by all-electric vehicles. The willingness to pay for increased electrified miles is derived from the willingness to pay for increased electric driving range, based on econometric studies of plug-in vehicle choice. The result is a set of three functions that can be used to calculate the marginal willingness-to-pay for public charging infrastructure as a function of vehicle attributes, existing charging infrastructure, energy prices and annual vehicle travel.
Author: David L. Greene
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Battery charging stations (Electric vehicles)
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
Author: David Greene
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Battery charging stations (Electric vehicles)
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Book Description
Author: Wirges, Johannes
Publisher: KIT Scientific Publishing
ISBN: 3731505010
Category : Battery charging stations (Electric vehicles)
Languages : en
Pages : 538
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Book Description
Planning the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs) is a new challenging task. This book treats all involved aspects: charging technologies and norms, interactions with the electricity system, electrical installation, demand for charging infrastructure, economics of public infrastructure provision, policies in Germany and the EU, external effects, stakeholder cooperation, spatial planning on the regional and street level, operation and maintenance, and long term spatial planning.
Author: Morteza Nazari-Heris
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Road transportation accounts for 21% of global energy consumption and it will increase unless and until the share of carbon-intensive transportation fuels is replaced by cleaner sources. Electric vehicles (EVs) are promising alternatives to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles and have gained significant attention in recent years. The integration of EVs into the energy industry has introduced an unprecedented complexity into the energy supply system because of drivers' preferences and uncertain nature of drivers' behavior. Such complexity highlights the need to develop an infrastructure to support EVs' charging and tackle the potential impacts of the new charging infrastructure on the electric grid. The uncertainty of arrival and departure times to/from the charging station, as well as the state of charge (SOC) at the arrival time of the EVs are critical challenges in the entry of such vehicles and charging infrastructures into energy networks. Also, during the charging time of EVs in charging stations with a limited number of spots, EVs will stand for a long time at the charging point, and they block charging space for other EVs. The more EVs, the more significant problem of the charging space. To overcome these challenges, the smart parking lot (SPL) concept has been introduced, which is defined as an EV charging station with a large capacity of charging spots and a capability of managing the charging/discharging of the EVs. SPL can contain local energy generation units such as renewable energy sources and electrical energy generators to supply the energy loads of EVs. On the other hand, including the social element such as accessibility across block groups by socioeconomic statuses, primarily race/ethnicity groups and poverty status (low/mid/high) in the decision-making process is of great importance when studying the management of SPLs. The primary goal of this study is to design a novel socio-techno-economic scheduling model of SPLs by considering the uncertain nature of the behavior of EVs' drivers, the power output of renewable energy sources, energy load, as well as obtaining optimal scheduling of SPLs generation plants (wind, combined heat and power (CHP), and storage units (batteries of parked electric cars, electrical and heat storage). The objectives of the dissertation are to (1) investigate the role of energy storage technologies as suitable options to store surplus power, (2) study the role of uncertain parameters in the optimal self-scheduling of the SPLs, such as the behavior of EVs' drivers in terms of arrival and departure times to/from the SPL and the state-of-charge (SoC) of the battery of EVs when arriving at the SPL, renewable energy generation, electrical energy load, and power market price, (3) determine the optimal setpoints of the SPL components (e.g., CHP, electrical and heat energy storages, etc.) to maximize the monetary benefits of SPLs, (4) consider the social equity access to EVs charging infrastructure such as MCSs by developing MCSs accessibility measures and quantifying the equity impacts of MCSs locations by modeling prioritized demand based on several indices, and (5) apply price elasticity-based DRP to manage the EV battery charging in the stations considering the role of EV aggregators.
Author: Eric Wood
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Battery charging stations (Electric vehicles)
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Book Description
The disparate characteristics between conventional (CVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in terms of driving range, refill/recharge time, and availability of refuel/recharge infrastructure inherently limit the relative utility of BEVs when benchmarked against traditional driver travel patterns. However, given a high penetration of high-power public charging combined with driver tolerance for rerouting travel to facilitate charging on long-distance trips, the difference in utility between CVs and BEVs could be marginalized. We quantify the relationships between BEV utility, the deployment of fast chargers, and driver tolerance for rerouting travel and extending travel durations by simulating BEVs operated over real-world travel patterns using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Battery Lifetime Analysis and Simulation Tool for Vehicles (BLAST-V). With support from the U.S. Department of Energy's Vehicle Technologies Office, BLAST-V has been developed to include algorithms for estimating the available range of BEVs prior to the start of trips, for rerouting baseline travel to utilize public charging infrastructure when necessary, and for making driver travel decisions for those trips in the presence of available public charging infrastructure, all while conducting advanced vehicle simulations that account for battery electrical, thermal, and degradation response. Results from BLAST-V simulations on vehicle utility, frequency of inserted stops, duration of charging events, and additional time and distance necessary for rerouting travel are presented to illustrate how BEV utility and travel patterns can be affected by various fast charge deployments.
Author: Divyamitra Mishra
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Battery charging stations (Electric vehicles)
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Book Description
Although there is economic and marketing evidence of consumers assigning additional benefits to free products and bundles, there is limited research into the behavioral consequences of offering public electric vehicle charging for free. Previous exploratory research by Maness and Lin analyzed possible economic and environmental benefits from offering free public charging infrastructure and policy. Their work found that providing free public charging infrastructure could increase plug-in electric vehicle sales and cause decreased reliance on fossil fuels in the personal transportation sector. However, their study assumed the increased value which consumers would place on free charge events. This project proposes to establish an early estimate of the value of free charging in the United States. To solve the problems such as lack of a control treatment and lack of variability in charging prices, this project proposes to study consumers' responses to a free charging program through a stated preference approach. Under this approach, valuation behaviors were explored through charger choice and vehicle choice experiment. In charger choice scenarios, the respondents were presented with charging location choice where three charging stations were presented with one charger being free and the others having a cost. In vehicle choice scenarios, the respondents were presented with vehicle choice where two EVs were presented with zero, one, two, or three years free charging along with a gasoline vehicle. Various discrete choice models were used for estimation. Determining the zero-price effect entailed adding a dummy variable to the model for when fueling cost was zero. The data used for the estimation was weighted to fit the US population. It should be remarked that the computations are based on Bayesian estimation from Greene (2004). The ZPE values were evaluated concerning individual-level parameters for the parameters that were discovered to be random (varying across individual). The results suggested that the weighted mean zero-price effect for the charger choice is valued at -$1.44 (Mixed logit model) and at -$1.19 (Latent class model) and the mean national ZPE for the entire US population was priced at -$0.96 per charging event. Additionally, the mean value of time (VOT) in regards to charging was valued at $7.66/hr (Mixed logit) and $8.15/hr (Latent class). Similarly, the value of time associated with the detour is found to be valued at $13.46/hr (Mixed Logit) and $11.71/hr (Latent class). The weighted mean zero-price effect for two years of free charging was valued at $3952 for the electric vehicle binary choice and $4200 for the electric and conventional vehicle choice. For three years of free charging, it was valued at around $4709 and $6319. The value of driving range was estimated at $67 and $143. The WTP for the driving range confirmed with the value obtained from the previous research by Dimitropoulos et al. (2013) and Greene et al. (2017). Although a limitation of stated preference studies is in determining the correct scale for the coefficient estimates, the value of time estimated is close to the USDOT personal travel VOT of 50% of hourly median household income.
Author: Sivaraman Palanisamy
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119987768
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
Fast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles Comprehensive resource describing fast-charging infrastructure in electric vehicles, including various subsystems involved in the power system architecture needed for fast-charging Fast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles presents various aspects of fast-charging infrastructure, including the location of fast-charging stations, revenue models and tariff structures, power electronic converters, power quality problems such as harmonics & supraharmonics, energy storage systems, and wireless-charging, electrical distribution infrastructures and planning. This book serves as a guide to learn recent advanced technologies with examples and case studies. It also considers problems that arise, and the mitigation methods involved, in fast-charging stations in global aspects and provides tools for analysis. Sample topics covered in Fast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles include: Selection of fast-charging stations, advanced power electronic converter topologies for EV fast-charging, wireless charging for plug-in HEV/EVs, and batteries for fast-charging infrastructure Standards for fast-charging infrastructure and power quality issues (analysis of harmonic injection and system resonance conditions due to large-scale penetration of EVs and supraharmonic injection) For professionals in electric vehicle technology, along with graduate and senior undergraduates, professors, and researchers in related fields, Fast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles is a useful, comprehensive, and accessible guide to gain an overview of the current state of the art.
Author: Ashlyn Kong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Larry E. Erickson
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498731570
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 183
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Book Description
The Paris Agreement on Climate Change adopted on December 12, 2015 is a voluntary effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In order to reach the goals of this agreement, there is a need to generate electricity without greenhouse gas emissions and to electrify transportation. An infrastructure of SPCSs can help accomplish both of these transitions. Globally, expenditures associated with the generation, transmission, and use of electricity are more than one trillion dollars per year. Annual transportation expenditures are also more than one trillion dollars per year. Almost everyone will be impacted by these changes in transportation, solar power generation, and smart grid developments. The benefits of reducing greenhouse gas emissions will differ with location, but all will be impacted. This book is about the benefits associated with adding solar panels to parking lots to generate electricity, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and provide shade and shelter from rain and snow. The electricity can flow into the power grid or be used to charge electric vehicles (EVs). Solar powered charging stations (SPCSs) are already in many parking lots in many countries of the world. The prices of solar panels have decreased recently, and about 30% of the new U.S. electrical generating capacity in 2015 was from solar energy. More than one million EVs are in service in 2016, and there are significant benefits associated with a convenient charging infrastructure of SPCSs to support transportation with electric vehicles. Solar Powered Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles: A Sustainable Development aims to share information on pathways from our present situation to a world with a more sustainable transportation system with EVs, SPCSs, a modernized smart power grid with energy storage, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and better urban air quality. Covering 200 million parking spaces with solar panels can generate about 1/4 of the electricity that was generated in 2014 in the United States. Millions of EVs with 20 to 50 kWh of battery storage can help with the transition to wind and solar power generation through owners responding to time-of-use prices. Written for all audiences, high school and college teachers and students, those in industry and government, and those involved in community issues will benefit by learning more about the topics addressed in the book. Those working with electrical power and transportation, who will be in the middle of the transition, will want to learn about all of the challenges and developments that are addressed here.
