Author: Ugo Panizza
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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The purpose of this paper is to present evidence on public-private wage differential for a sample of Latin American countries and to discuss the relationship between public-private wage differentials and bureaucratic quality in the Region. The paper starts by estimating public-private wage differentials for a sample of 17 Latin American countries covering 88 percent of the population of the Region. Next, the paper looks at the relationship between bureaucratic quality and public-private wage differentials and finds that, while there is no correlation between average public sector wages and bureaucratic quality, there is a positive correlation between bureaucratic quality and the degree of meritocracy of the public sector.
Author: Barbara Nunberg
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Civil service reform
Languages : en
Pages : 49
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Book Description
Overstaffed bureaucracies afflicted by eroding salaries, demoralization, corruption, moonlighting, and chronic absenteeism are often unable to carry out the key tasks of economic recovery. What should the Bank do about it?
Author: Ani I. Matei
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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The interaction between the degree of administrative rationalization, ratios of economic growth and public sector performance represents a research field yet insufficient approached, at least for the South-Eastern European states. It presupposes essentially to determine the economic impact of the quality of bureaucracy in national administrations, whose structures, through administrative convergence and dynamics become more or less similar to Weberian administrative structures. The field literature at the end of 20th century has developed comprehensive studies on that topic, analysing the situation in over 35 states all over the world. The South-Eastern European states were not comprised in the mentioned studies. In this context, the paper aims to carry out a comparative theoretical and empirical research for some South-Eastern European states, especially in the Balkans, in view to determine the correlation between the quality of bureaucracy, economic growth and governance performance. The investigation method consists in the “analysis of economic bureaucracy,” whose content is based on Weber's principles of administrative rationalization, adapted to the research objectives of the paper and grouped in “competitive salaries, internal promotion and career stability, and meritocratic recruitment” (Rauch and Evans, 1999). The sociological investigation was developed in four South-Eastern European states: Romania, Greece, Bulgaria and Croatia on a sample of 125 stakeholders, determined on basis of rigorous representativeness criteria at central government level for each above-mentioned state. The empirical data are obtained in the framework of Jean Monnet project “South-Eastern European developments on the administrative convergence and enlargement of the European Administrative Space in Balkan states.“
Author: R. F. Elliott
Publisher: London : Macmillan
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
Monograph on public sector wage structure trends and wage determination issues in the UK - discusses public expenditure and employment growth, collective bargaining, trade unionism, declining resort to arbitration, manual worker and nonmanual worker wage differentials, impact of incomes policies, etc., provides comparisons with the private sector, and includes civil servant and public servant wages. Graphs and references.
Author: Richard B. Freeman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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This paper examines the changes over time in public sector wages and employment relative to private sector wages and employment using data from surveys of establishments and individuals. The paper finds that:(1) The pay of public sector workers relative to private sector workers varies greatly over time. Contrary to the view that public sector payis inflexible, variations in relative pay are due as much to fluctuations in public pay as to fluctuations in private pay.(2) The relatively high paid public sector worker of the early 1970s has within the span of a decade lost much of his or her advantage over otherwise comparable private sector workers, seriously denting if not destroying the picture of the 'overpaid' public employee which developed in the early 1970s.The group of public sector workers who tend to be most highly paid in the U.S. relative to private sector workers are blacks and women, suggesting that the public sector discriminates less than does the private sector.(3) Differentials in public and private sector pay vary greatly depending on the nature of comparisons, with for example Current Populations Survey comparisons of individuals with similar broad human capital showing federal employees to be higher paid than private employees and Bureau of Labor Statistics surveys of wage rates in particular occupations showing federal workers to be lower paid.(4) Public sector employment follows a very different pattern of change than private sector employment. It has smaller annual variation, and moves counter cyclically rather than cyclically. In terms of demographic composition the public sector employs relatively more blacks and women than the private sector.
Author: Donna Fisher Neff
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bureaucracy
Languages : en
Pages : 330
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Author: Zahid Hasnain
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 57
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Book Description
The objective of this paper is to provide a review of the theoretical and, in particular, empirical literature on performance-related pay in the public sector spanning the fields of public administration, psychology, economics, education, and health with the aim of distilling useful lessons for policy-makers in developing countries. This study to our knowledge is the first that aims to disaggregate the available evidence by: (i) the quality of the empirical study; (ii) the different public sector contexts, in particular the different types of public sector jobs; and (iii) geographical context (developing country or OECD settings). The paper's main findings, based on a comprehensive review of 110 studies of public sector and relevant private sector jobs are as follows. First, we find that overall a majority (65 of 110) of studies find a positive effect of performance-related pay, with higher quality empirical studies (68 of the 110) generally more positive in their findings (46 of the 68). These show that explicit performance standards linked to some form of bonus pay can improve, at times dramatically, desired service outcomes. Second, however, these more rigorous studies are overwhelmingly for jobs where the outputs or outcomes are more readily observable, such as teaching, health care, and revenue collection (66 of the 68). There is insufficient evidence, positive or negative, of the effect of performance-related pay in organizational contexts that that are similar to that of the core civil service, characterized by task complexity and the difficulty of measuring outcomes, to reach a generalized conclusion concerning such reforms. Third, while some of these studies have shown that performance-related pay can work even in the most dysfunctional bureaucracies in developing countries, there are too few cases to draw firm conclusions. Fourth, several observational studies identify problems with unintended consequences and gaming of the incentive scheme, although it is unclear whether the gaming results in an overall decline in productivity compared to the counterfactual. Finally, few studies follow up performance-related pay effects over a long period of time, leaving the possibility that the positive findings may be due to Hawthorne Effects, and that gaming behavior may increase over time as employees become more familiar with the scheme and learn to manipulate it.
Author: World Bank Group
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Improving government capability is one of the main challenges of economic development. There is consensus around the core policies needed for developing countries to achieve equitable growthand reduce extreme poverty. But government capability-its ability to effectively implement these polices and efficiently achieve the desired outputs in regulation, infrastructure provision, and service delivery-varies considerably across countries and across policy domains within countries. The ability, motivation, and productivity of the personnel who populate government bureaucracies are key determinants of government capability. Capable organizations are those that can select high-ability personnel, provide them with the necessary resources, and motivate them to work toward the organization's objectives and to serve the public. In Russia, 60 percent of the price variation in standard procurement contracts is due to the ability of individual bureaucrats andthe quality of the organizations in which they work. If the worst-performing 20 percent of bureaucrats can be made as effective as the median bureaucrat, the Russian government would save 10 percent of its procurement costs. In Nigeria, there is substantial variation in the quality of organizational management across the federal government, and a one standard deviation increase in the quality of management would lead to a 32 percent increase in project completion rates. Public sector compensation and employment practices also have significant implications for the competitiveness of the overall labor market, and on fiscal sustainability. Governments face important choices relating to the size of the public sector and the compensation of its workers. Low public sector wages can result in difficulties in recruiting and retaining qualified workers; but large wage premiums for public sector workers can discourage private sector jobs and lead to search unemployment. A rising wage bill is also often associated with problems of fiscal sustainability. The report focuses primarily on the supply side of governance and does not delve into the political economy of public administration, for both conceptual and methodological reasons. The domain of citizen engagement is largely at the point of service delivery or revenue collection, and not at the upstream administrative tier. It is unlikely that bureaucrats have regular contact with citizens, and any citizen voice would need to be transmitted via 'the long route of accountability' from citizen to politician and then from politician to bureaucrat (World Bank 2003). Asking bureaucrats about their interactions with politicians through surveys, however, is a difficult and sensitive topic, and one that has been broached only cautiously in our work to date. Methodologically, it requires more experimental approaches, which adds complexity to the surveys, and is an ambition for future work.
Author: Andreas Bågenholm
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0191899003
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 881
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Book Description
Recent research demonstrates that the quality of public institutions is crucial for a number of important environmental, social, economic, and political outcomes, and thereby human well-being. The Quality of Government (QoG) approach directs attention to issues such as impartiality in the exercise of public power, professionalism in public service delivery, effective measures against corruption, and meritocracy instead of patronage and nepotism. This Handbook offers a comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of this rapidly expanding research field and also identifies viable avenues for future research. The initial chapters focus on theoretical approaches and debates, and the central question of how QoG can be measured. A second set of chapters examines the wealth of empirical research on how QoG relates to democratization, social trust and cohesion, ethnic diversity, happiness and human wellbeing, democratic accountability, economic growth and inequality, political legitimacy, environmental sustainability, gender equality, and the outbreak of civil conflicts. The remaining chapters turn to the perennial issue of which contextual factors and policy approaches—national, local, and international—have proven successful (and not so successful) for increasing QoG. The Quality of Government approach both challenges and complements important strands of inquiry in the social sciences. For research about democratization, QoG adds the importance of taking state capacity into account. For economics, the QoG approach shows that in order to produce economic prosperity, markets need to be embedded in institutions with a certain set of qualities. For development studies, QoG emphasizes that issues relating to corruption are integral to understanding development writ large.
Author: International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1498345778
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 99
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Book Description
Government compensation and employment policies are important for the efficient delivery of public services which are crucial for the functioning of economies and the general prosperity of societies. On average, spending on the wage bill absorbs around one-fifth of total spending. Cross-country variation in wage spending reflects, in part, national choices about the government’s role in priority sectors, as well as variations in the level of economic development and resource constraints.
