Psychological Investigations of Competence in Decision Making PDF Download
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Author: Kip Smith
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521583060
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
Examining competence, this volume explores metacognitive processes as a foundation of competent decision making.
Author: Kip Smith
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521583060
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
Examining competence, this volume explores metacognitive processes as a foundation of competent decision making.
Author: Kip Smith
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521307185
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This book opens up new directions in judgment and decision making research. Our society and academic research have largely neglected the fact that sound judgment and decision making are the crux of many professions. This volume explores metacognitive processes as an enabler of competence at decision making. Offering a new analysis of competence, by understanding and communicating what professional decision makers do, this book provides valuable contributions to the judgement/decision making field as well as the professional community at large.
Author: Baruch Fischhoff
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136497331
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 405
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Book Description
Behavioral decision research offers a distinctive approach to understanding and improving decision making. It combines theory and method from multiple disciples (psychology, economics, statistics, decision theory, management science). It employs both empirical methods, to study how decisions are actually made, and analytical ones, to study how decisions should be made and how consequential imperfections are. This book brings together key publications, selected to represent the major topics and approaches used in the field. Put in one place, with integrating commentary, it shows the common elements in a research program that represents the scope of the field, while offering depth in each. Together, they provide a vision for what has become a burgeoning field.
Author: Paul Ward
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0198795874
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 1298
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Book Description
The Oxford Handbook of Expertise provides a comprehensive picture of the field of Expertise Studies. It offers both traditional and contemporary perspectives, and importantly, a multidiscipline-multimethod view of the science and engineering research on expertise.
Author: K. Anders Ericsson
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108625703
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 986
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Book Description
In this updated and expanded edition of The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance, some of the world's foremost experts on expertise share their scientific knowledge of expertise and expert performance and show how experts may differ from non-experts in terms of development, training, reasoning, knowledge, and social support. The book reviews innovative methods for measuring experts' knowledge and performance in relevant tasks. Sixteen major domains of expertise are covered, including sports, music, medicine, business, writing, and drawing, with leading researchers summarizing their knowledge about the structure and acquisition of expert skills and knowledge, and discussing future prospects. General issues that cut across most domains are reviewed in chapters on various aspects of expertise, such as general and practical intelligence, differences in brain activity, self-regulated learning, deliberate practice, aging, knowledge management, and creativity.
Author: Adedeji B. Badiru
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 146651504X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1480
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Book Description
A new edition of a bestselling industrial and systems engineering reference, Handbook of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Second Edition provides students, researchers, and practitioners with easy access to a wide range of industrial engineering tools and techniques in a concise format. This edition expands the breadth and depth of coverage, emphasizing new systems engineering tools, techniques, and models. See What’s New in the Second Edition: Section covering safety, reliability, and quality Section on operations research, queuing, logistics, and scheduling Expanded appendix to include conversion factors and engineering, systems, and statistical formulae Topics such as control charts, engineering economy, health operational efficiency, healthcare systems, human systems integration, Lean systems, logistics transportation, manufacturing systems, material handling systems, process view of work, and Six Sigma techniques The premise of the handbook remains: to expand the breadth and depth of coverage beyond the traditional handbooks on industrial engineering. The book begins with a general introduction with specific reference to the origin of industrial engineering and the ties to the Industrial Revolution. It covers the fundamentals of industrial engineering and the fundamentals of systems engineering. Building on this foundation, it presents chapters on manufacturing, production systems, and ergonomics, then goes on to discuss economic and financial analysis, management, information engineering, and decision making. Two new sections examine safety, reliability, quality, operations research, queuing, logistics, and scheduling. The book provides an updated collation of the body of knowledge of industrial and systems engineering. The handbook has been substantively expanded from the 36 seminal chapters in the first edition to 56 landmark chapters in the second edition. In addition to the 20 new chapters, 11 of the chapters in the first edition have been updated with new materials. Filling the gap that exists between the traditional and modern practice of industrial and systems engineering, the handbook provides a one-stop resource for teaching, research, and practice.
Author: Keith E. Stanovich
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262034840
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 479
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Book Description
How to assess critical aspects of cognitive functioning that are not measured by IQ tests: rational thinking skills. Why are we surprised when smart people act foolishly? Smart people do foolish things all the time. Misjudgments and bad decisions by highly educated bankers and money managers, for example, brought us the financial crisis of 2008. Smart people do foolish things because intelligence is not the same as the capacity for rational thinking. The Rationality Quotient explains that these two traits, often (and incorrectly) thought of as one, refer to different cognitive functions. The standard IQ test, the authors argue, doesn't measure any of the broad components of rationality—adaptive responding, good judgment, and good decision making. The authors show that rational thinking, like intelligence, is a measurable cognitive competence. Drawing on theoretical work and empirical research from the last two decades, they present the first prototype for an assessment of rational thinking analogous to the IQ test: the CART (Comprehensive Assessment of Rational Thinking). The authors describe the theoretical underpinnings of the CART, distinguishing the algorithmic mind from the reflective mind. They discuss the logic of the tasks used to measure cognitive biases, and they develop a unique typology of thinking errors. The Rationality Quotient explains the components of rational thought assessed by the CART, including probabilistic and scientific reasoning; the avoidance of “miserly” information processing; and the knowledge structures needed for rational thinking. Finally, the authors discuss studies of the CART and the social and practical implications of such a test. An appendix offers sample items from the test.
Author: Rhona Flin
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1317059948
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Book Description
Many 21st century operations are characterised by teams of workers dealing with significant risks and complex technology, in competitive, commercially-driven environments. Informed managers in such sectors have realised the necessity of understanding the human dimension to their operations if they hope to improve production and safety performance. While organisational safety culture is a key determinant of workplace safety, it is also essential to focus on the non-technical skills of the system operators based at the 'sharp end' of the organisation. These skills are the cognitive and social skills required for efficient and safe operations, often termed Crew Resource Management (CRM) skills. In industries such as civil aviation, it has long been appreciated that the majority of accidents could have been prevented if better non-technical skills had been demonstrated by personnel operating and maintaining the system. As a result, the aviation industry has pioneered the development of CRM training. Many other organisations are now introducing non-technical skills training, most notably within the healthcare sector. Safety at the Sharp End is a general guide to the theory and practice of non-technical skills for safety. It covers the identification, training and evaluation of non-technical skills and has been written for use by individuals who are studying or training these skills on CRM and other safety or human factors courses. The material is also suitable for undergraduate and post-experience students studying human factors or industrial safety programmes.
Author: Carol A. Ireland
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780470661499
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
The first publication to apply the modern theory and techniques in the consultancy process, presenting a clear, practical approach targeted specifically at forensic issues and contexts. The first publication to apply consultancy literature to a forensic setting Provides a combination of the theoretical and practical underpinnings needed in consultancy work, offering a development of knowledge with practical application Brings together papers from researchers, academics, practitioners and consultants within forensic psychology whilst drawing upon expertise in business consultancy and administration Chapters combine psychological, ethical, managerial and evaluative aspects into themed summaries Offers directions for further study and practice development
Author: Philip Bielby
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402086040
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
Enhanced knowledge of the nature and causes of mental disorder have led increasingly to a need for the recruitment of ‘cognitively vulnerable’ participants in biomedical research. These individuals often fall into the ‘grey area’ between obvious decisional competence and obvious decisional incompetence and, as a result, may not be recognised as having the legal capacity to make such decisions themselves. At the core of the ethical debate surrounding the participation of cognitively vulnerable individuals in research is when, if at all, we should judge them decisionally and legally competent to consent to or refuse research participation on their own behalf and when they should be judged incompetent in this respect. In this book, the author develops a novel justificatory framework for making judgments of decisional competence to consent to biomedical research with reference to five groups of cognitively vulnerable individuals - older children and adolescents, adults with intellectual disabilities, adults with depression, adults with schizophrenia and adults with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. Using this framework, the author argues that we can make morally defensible judgments about the competence or incompetence of a potential participant to give contemporaneous consent to research by having regard to whether a judgment of competence would be more harmful to the ‘generic rights’ of the potential participant than a judgment of incompetence. The argument is also used to justify an account of supported decision-making in research, and applied to evaluate the extent to which this approach is evident in existing ethical guidelines and legal provisions. The book will be of interest to bioethicists as well as psychiatrists and academic medical lawyers interested in normative questions raised by the concepts of competence and capacity.
