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Author: Paul Tobin
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031797582
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 199
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Book Description
PSpice for Digital Communications Engineering shows how to simulate digital communication systems and modulation methods using the very powerful Cadence Orcad PSpice version 10.5 suite of software programs. Fourier series and Fourier transform are applied to signals to set the ground work for the modulation techniques introduced in later chapters. Various baseband signals, including duo-binary baseband signaling, are generated and the spectra are examined to detail the unsuitability of these signals for accessing the public switched network. Pulse code modulation and time-division multiplexing circuits are examined and simulated where sampling and quantization noise topics are discussed. We construct a single-channel PCM system from transmission to receiver i.e. end-to-end, and import real speech signals to examine the problems associated with aliasing, sample and hold. Companding is addressed here and we look at the A and mu law characteristics for achieving better signal to quantization noise ratios. Several types of delta modulators are examined and also the concept of time divisionmultiplexing is considered. Multi-level signaling techniques such as QPSK andQAMare analyzed and simulated and 'home-made meters', such as scatter and eye meters, are used to assess the performance of these modulation systems in the presence of noise. The raised-cosine family of filters for shaping data before transmission is examined in depth where bandwidth efficiency and channel capacity is discussed. We plot several graphs in Probe to compare the efficiency of these systems. Direct spread spectrum is the last topic to be examined and simulated to show the advantages of spreading the signal over a wide bandwidth and giving good signal security at the same time.
Author: Paul Tobin
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031797582
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 199
Get Book Here
Book Description
PSpice for Digital Communications Engineering shows how to simulate digital communication systems and modulation methods using the very powerful Cadence Orcad PSpice version 10.5 suite of software programs. Fourier series and Fourier transform are applied to signals to set the ground work for the modulation techniques introduced in later chapters. Various baseband signals, including duo-binary baseband signaling, are generated and the spectra are examined to detail the unsuitability of these signals for accessing the public switched network. Pulse code modulation and time-division multiplexing circuits are examined and simulated where sampling and quantization noise topics are discussed. We construct a single-channel PCM system from transmission to receiver i.e. end-to-end, and import real speech signals to examine the problems associated with aliasing, sample and hold. Companding is addressed here and we look at the A and mu law characteristics for achieving better signal to quantization noise ratios. Several types of delta modulators are examined and also the concept of time divisionmultiplexing is considered. Multi-level signaling techniques such as QPSK andQAMare analyzed and simulated and 'home-made meters', such as scatter and eye meters, are used to assess the performance of these modulation systems in the presence of noise. The raised-cosine family of filters for shaping data before transmission is examined in depth where bandwidth efficiency and channel capacity is discussed. We plot several graphs in Probe to compare the efficiency of these systems. Direct spread spectrum is the last topic to be examined and simulated to show the advantages of spreading the signal over a wide bandwidth and giving good signal security at the same time.
Author: Mitchell A. Thornton
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031798678
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 145
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Book Description
Modeling Digital Switching Circuits with Linear Algebra describes an approach for modeling digital information and circuitry that is an alternative to Boolean algebra. While the Boolean algebraic model has been wildly successful and is responsible for many advances in modern information technology, the approach described in this book offers new insight and different ways of solving problems. Modeling the bit as a vector instead of a scalar value in the set {0, 1} allows digital circuits to be characterized with transfer functions in the form of a linear transformation matrix. The use of transfer functions is ubiquitous in many areas of engineering and their rich background in linear systems theory and signal processing is easily applied to digital switching circuits with this model. The common tasks of circuit simulation and justification are specific examples of the application of the linear algebraic model and are described in detail. The advantages offered by the new model as compared to traditional methods are emphasized throughout the book. Furthermore, the new approach is easily generalized to other types of information processing circuits such as those based upon multiple-valued or quantum logic; thus providing a unifying mathematical framework common to each of these areas. Modeling Digital Switching Circuits with Linear Algebra provides a blend of theoretical concepts and practical issues involved in implementing the method for circuit design tasks. Data structures are described and are shown to not require any more resources for representing the underlying matrices and vectors than those currently used in modern electronic design automation (EDA) tools based on the Boolean model. Algorithms are described that perform simulation, justification, and other common EDA tasks in an efficient manner that are competitive with conventional design tools. The linear algebraic model can be used to implement common EDA tasks directly upon a structural netlist thus avoiding the intermediate step of transforming a circuit description into a representation of a set of switching functions as is commonly the case when conventional Boolean techniques are used. Implementation results are provided that empirically demonstrate the practicality of the linear algebraic model.
Author: William Eccles
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031798341
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 183
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Book Description
Pragmatic Electrical Engineering: Fundamentals introduces the fundamentals of the energy-delivery part of electrical systems. It begins with a study of basic electrical circuits and then focuses on electrical power. Three-phase power systems, transformers, induction motors, and magnetics are the major topics. All of the material in the text is illustrated with completely-worked examples to guide the student to a better understanding of the topics. This short lecture book will be of use at any level of engineering, not just electrical. Its goal is to provide the practicing engineer with a practical, applied look at the energy side of electrical systems. The author's ""pragmatic"" and applied style gives a unique and helpful ""non-idealistic, practical, opinionated"" introduction to the topic. Table of Contents: Basic Stuff / Power of the Sine / Three-Phase Power Systems / Transformers / Machines / Electromagnetics
Author: Lun Li
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031798155
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 79
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Book Description
Integrated circuit capacity follows Moore's law, and chips are commonly produced at the time of this writing with over 70 million gates per device. Ensuring correct functional behavior of such large designs before fabrication poses an extremely challenging problem. Formal verification validates the correctness of the implementation of a design with respect to its specification through mathematical proof techniques. Formal techniques have been emerging as commercialized EDA tools in the past decade. Simulation remains a predominantly used tool to validate a design in industry. After more than 50 years of development, simulation methods have reached a degree of maturity, however, new advances continue to be developed in the area. A simulation approach for functional verification can theoretically validate all possible behaviors of a design but requires excessive computational resources. Rapidly evolving markets demand short design cycles while the increasing complexity of a design causes simulation approaches to provide less and less coverage. Formal verification is an attractive alternative since 100% coverage can be achieved; however, large designs impose unrealistic computational requirements. Combining formal verification and simulation into a single integrated circuit validation framework is an attractive alternative. This book focuses on an Integrated Design Validation (IDV) system that provides a framework for design validation and takes advantage of current technology in the areas of simulation and formal verification resulting in a practical validation engine with reasonable runtime. After surveying the basic principles of formal verification and simulation, this book describes the IDV approach to integrated circuit functional validation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Formal Methods Background / Simulation Approaches / Integrated Design Validation System / Conclusion and Summary
Author: Paul Tobin
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1598291645
Category : PSpice
Languages : en
Pages : 155
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Book Description
We examine linear time invariant systems starting with the difference equation and applying the z-transform to produce a range of filter type i.e. low-pass, high-pass and bandpass. The important concept of convolution is examined and here we demonstrate the usefulness of the 'log' command in Probe for giving the correct display to demonstrate the 'flip n slip' method. Digital oscillators, including quadrature carrier generation, are then examined. Several filter design methods are considered and include the bilinear transform, impulse invariant, and window techniques. Included also is a treatment of the raised-cosine family of filters. A range of DSP applications are then considered and include the Hilbert transform, single sideband modulator using the Hilbert transform and quad oscillators, integrators and differentiators. Decimation and interpolation are simulated to demonstrate the usefulness of the multi-sampling environment.
Author: Douglas Summerville
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031798031
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 125
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Book Description
The vast majority of computers in use today are encapsulated within other systems. In contrast to general-purpose computers that run an endless selection of software, these embedded computers are often programmed for a very specific, low-level and often mundane purpose. Low-end microcontrollers, costing as little as one dollar, are often employed by engineers in designs that utilize only a small fraction of the processing capability of the device because it is either more cost-effective than selecting an application-specific part or because programmability offers custom functionality not otherwise available. Embedded Systems Interfacing for Engineers using the Freescale HCS08 Microcontroller is a two-part book intended to provide an introduction to hardware and software interfacing for engineers. Building from a comprehensive introduction of fundamental computing concepts, the book suitable for a first course in computer organization for electrical or computer engineering students with a minimal background in digital logic and programming. In addition, this book can be valuable as a reference for engineers new to the Freescale HCS08 family of microcontrollers. The HCS08 processor architecture used in the book is relatively simple to learn, powerful enough to apply towards a wide-range of interfacing tasks, and accommodates breadboard prototyping in a laboratory using freely available and low-cost tools. In Part II: Digital and Analog Hardware Interfacing, hardware and software interfacing concepts are introduced. The emphasis of this work is on good hardware and software engineering design principles. Device drivers are developed illustrating the use of general-purpose and special-purpose digital I/O interfaces, analog interfaces, serial interfaces and real-time I/O processing. The hardware side of each interface is described and electrical specifications and related issues are considered. The first part of the book provides the programming skills necessary to implement the software in this part. Table of Contents: Introduction to the MC9S08QG4/8 Hardware / Analog Input / Serial Communication / Real-Time I/O Processing
Author: Douglas H. Summerville
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1608450082
Category : Assembly languages (Electronic computers)
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Device drivers are developed illustrating the use of general-purpose and special-purpose digital I/O interfaces, analog interfaces, serial interfaces and real-time I/O processing. The hardware side of each interface is described and electrical specifications and related issues are considered. The first part of the book provides the programming skills necessary to implement the software in this part.
Author: B.I. Pawate
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031797949
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 123
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Book Description
This book discusses how to develop embedded products using DaVinci & OMAP Technology from Texas Instruments Incorporated. It presents a single software platform for diverse hardware platforms. DaVinci & OMAP Technology refers to the family of processors, development tools, software products, and support. While DaVinci Technology is driven by the needs of consumer video products such as IP network cameras, networked projectors, digital signage and portable media players, OMAP Technology is driven by the needs of wireless products such as smart phones. Texas Instruments offers a wide variety of processing devices to meet our users' price and performance needs. These vary from single digital signal processing devices to complex, system-on-chip (SoC) devices with multiple processors and peripherals. As a software developer you question: Do I need to become an expert in signal processing and learn the details of these complex devices before I can use them in my application? As a senior executive you wonder: How can I reduce my engineering development cost? How can I move from one processor to another from Texas Instruments without incurring a significant development cost? This book addresses these questions with sample code and gives an insight into the software architecture and associated component software products that make up this software platform. As an example, we show how we develop an IP network camera. Using this software platform, you can choose to focus on the application and quickly create a product without having to learn the details of the underlying hardware or signal processing algorithms. Alternatively, you can choose to differentiate at both the application as well as the signal processing layer by developing and adding your algorithms using the xDAIS for Digital Media, xDM, guidelines for component software. Finally, you may use one code base across different hardware platforms. Table of Contents: Software Platform / More about xDM, VISA, & CE / Building a Product Based on DaVinci Technology / Reducing Development Cost / eXpressDSP Digital Media (xDM) / Sample Application Using xDM / Embedded Peripheral Software Interface (EPSI) / Sample Application Using EPSI / Sample Application Using EPSI and xDM / IP Network Camera on DM355 Using TI Software / Adding your secret sauce to the Signal Processing Layer (SPL) / Further Reading
Author: Steven F. Barrett
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031799070
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 347
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Book Description
This textbook provides practicing scientists and engineers a primer on the Microchip AVR® microcontroller. The revised title of this book reflects the 2016 Microchip Technology acquisition of Atmel Corporation. In this third edition we highlight the popular ATmega164 microcontroller and other pin-for-pin controllers in the family with a complement of flash memory up to 128 KB. The third edition also provides an update on Atmel Studio, programming with a USB pod, the gcc compiler, the ImageCraft JumpStart C for AVR compiler, the Two-Wire Interface (TWI), and multiple examples at both the subsystem and system level. Our approach is to provide readers with the fundamental skills to quickly set up and operate with this internationally popular microcontroller. We cover the main subsystems aboard the ATmega164, providing a short theory section followed by a description of the related microcontroller subsystem with accompanying hardware and software to operate the subsystem. In all examples, we use the C programming language. We include a detailed chapter describing how to interface the microcontroller to a wide variety of input and output devices and conclude with several system level examples including a special effects light-emitting diode cube, autonomous robots, a multi-function weather station, and a motor speed control system.
Author: David Russell
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031798244
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
Many electrical and computer engineering projects involve some kind of embedded system in which a microcontroller sits at the center as the primary source of control. The recently-developed Arduino development platform includes an inexpensive hardware development board hosting an eight-bit ATMEL ATmega-family processor and a Java-based software-development environment. These features allow an embedded systems beginner the ability to focus their attention on learning how to write embedded software instead of wasting time overcoming the engineering CAD tools learning curve. The goal of this text is to introduce fundamental methods for creating embedded software in general, with a focus on ANSI C. The Arduino development platform provides a great means for accomplishing this task. As such, this work presents embedded software development using 100% ANSI C for the Arduino's ATmega328P processor. We deviate from using the Arduino-specific Wiring libraries in an attempt to provide the most general embedded methods. In this way, the reader will acquire essential knowledge necessary for work on future projects involving other processors. Particular attention is paid to the notorious issue of using C pointers in order to gain direct access to microprocessor registers, which ultimately allow control over all peripheral interfacing. Table of Contents: Introduction / ANSI C / Introduction to Arduino / Embedded Debugging / ATmega328P Architecture / General-Purpose Input/Output / Timer Ports / Analog Input Ports / Interrupt Processing / Serial Communications / Assembly Language / Non-volatile Memory
