Pseudo-static Cyclic Loading Comparison of Reinforced Masonry Walls Strengthened with FRCM Or NSM FRP. PDF Download
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Languages : en
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Author: Zuhair Al-Jaberi
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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"A number of researchers have conducted experimental tests on unreinforced masonry walls (URM) strengthened with advanced composite materials. Consequently, the strengthening design guidelines are limited in their scope to URM. This research aimed to investigate the behavior of reinforced masonry walls strengthened with advanced composite and subjected to out-of-plane pseudo-static cyclic load. Experimental and analytical studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of different techniques such as near surface mounted (NSM) and externally bonded (EB) fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) with epoxy resin, in addition to NSM with cementitious adhesive and fiber reinforced cementitious material (FRCM). The experimental part included three phases. In the first phase, a series of 42 reinforced masonry walls were tested to study the effectiveness of advanced composites in enhancing out-of-plane flexural capacity. The effect of long-term environmental exposure on strengthening systems was investigated in the second phase of study by testing 10 reinforced masonry walls. The third phase focused on bond behavior between the advanced composite and the concrete masonry unit at different temperatures; 56 specimens were used for this purpose. The results indicated that the non-arching strengthened reinforced masonry wall's behavior was significantly dependent on the type of fiber and fiber reinforcement ratio. The specimens strengthened with glass under combined environmental cycles exhibited an insignificant change in terms of ultimate strength as compared to laboratory conditioned specimens. The theoretical part included the investigation of bond reduction factors, seismic performance, and the nonlinear analysis of strengthened reinforced masonry wall using moment-curvature analysis. As a result of this study, the proposed model for predicting debonding strain and the moment-curvature relation presented an excellent prediction compared to the experimental results"--Abstract, page iv.
Author: Jeremy Keith Wallace
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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During recent years, near surface mounted (NSM) fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars have displayed exceptional results when used to retrofit un-reinforced masonry walls for flexural out-of-plane strengthening. This process involves cutting a shallow groove into the masonry wall, which is less than the thickness of the face shell. FRP bars are then placed into the groove and embedded in an epoxy paste, which transfers stresses from the masonry wall to the reinforcing bar. Although this retrofitting technique is advantageous for most structural applications, the nature of the bar location introduces an inherent restriction. By locating the bar at a depth no greater than the thickness of the face shell, the flexural strength is only increased in one direction. This limitation introduced an opportunity to develop a novel approach to flexural out-of-plane strengthening of masonry walls for cyclic loading, which was the overall objective of this research project. The retrofitting technique is similar to that of NSM rods; but the FRP bars are placed at the centerline of the wall analogous to traditional steel rebars for two directional reinforcing. Test results confirmed that FRP bars can be used to drastically increase flexural capacity of masonry walls subjected to cyclic loading, while remaining practical and beneficial in terms of field construction. Standard working stress equations were also used to conservatively predict the structural responses of the masonry walls within 9 to 15.8 percent.
Author: Alphose Zingoni
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429761171
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 882
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Advances in Engineering Materials, Structures and Systems: Innovations, Mechanics and Applications comprises 411 papers that were presented at SEMC 2019, the Seventh International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, held in Cape Town, South Africa, from 2 to 4 September 2019. The subject matter reflects the broad scope of SEMC conferences, and covers a wide variety of engineering materials (both traditional and innovative) and many types of structures. The many topics featured in these Proceedings can be classified into six broad categories that deal with: (i) the mechanics of materials and fluids (elasticity, plasticity, flow through porous media, fluid dynamics, fracture, fatigue, damage, delamination, corrosion, bond, creep, shrinkage, etc); (ii) the mechanics of structures and systems (structural dynamics, vibration, seismic response, soil-structure interaction, fluid-structure interaction, response to blast and impact, response to fire, structural stability, buckling, collapse behaviour); (iii) the numerical modelling and experimental testing of materials and structures (numerical methods, simulation techniques, multi-scale modelling, computational modelling, laboratory testing, field testing, experimental measurements); (iv) innovations and special structures (nanostructures, adaptive structures, smart structures, composite structures, bio-inspired structures, shell structures, membranes, space structures, lightweight structures, long-span structures, tall buildings, wind turbines, etc); (v) design in traditional engineering materials (steel, concrete, steel-concrete composite, aluminium, masonry, timber, glass); (vi) the process of structural engineering (conceptualisation, planning, analysis, design, optimization, construction, assembly, manufacture, testing, maintenance, monitoring, assessment, repair, strengthening, retrofitting, decommissioning). The SEMC 2019 Proceedings will be of interest to civil, structural, mechanical, marine and aerospace engineers. Researchers, developers, practitioners and academics in these disciplines will find them useful. Two versions of the papers are available. Short versions, intended to be concise but self-contained summaries of the full papers, are in this printed book. The full versions of the papers are in the e-book.
Author: Saman Babaeidarabad
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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A natural evolution of ferrocement has been the replacement of the reinforcing steel with new composite materials. Not only has this addressed the issue of possible durability problems associated with steel corrosion, but has opened the possibility of using thin-section cementitious products as repair materials. Fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) is a class of composite systems that has recently emerged as an alternative to traditional retrofitting methods like fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP), steel plate bonding, section enlargement, and external post-tensioning for repairing and strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) and masonry structures. FRCM consists of a reinforcing phase (fabrics) embedded into a matrix (cementitious mortar) adhered to concrete or masonry structural members and acts as supplemental, externally-bonded reinforcement. The goal of this dissertation is to experimentally and analytically investigate the effectiveness of FRCM to retrofit existing masonry structures; to evaluate the flexural and shear capacity of FRCM walls; to develop structural design procedures; and, to compare FRCM and FRP externally strengthened masonry walls. The dissertation is articulated in three studies. The first study (Study 1) investigates masonry walls externally strengthened with FRCM subjected to diagonal compression; the second (Study 2) focuses on FRCM strengthened walls subjected to out-of-plane loading; and the third (Study 3) presents a comparison between experimental results in this research program and other research programs using FRP systems when the normalized shear or flexural capacity is related to a calibrated reinforcement ratio.
Author: J. G. Teng
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are used to strengthen reinforced concrete (RC) structures. A large amount of research now exists on this. This book brings together all existing research into one volume.
Author: Hyunchul Jung
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Unreinforced masonry (URM) walls are commonly found in existing and heritage buildings in Canada, either as infill or load-bearing walls. Such walls are vulnerable to sudden and brittle failure under blast loads due to their insufficient out-of-plane strength. The failure of such walls under blast pressures can also result in fragmentation and wall debris which can injure building occupants. Over the years, researchers have conducted experimental tests to evaluate the structural behaviour of unreinforced masonry walls under out-of-plane loading. Various strengthening methods have been proposed, including the use of concrete overlays, polyurea coatings and advanced fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) is an emerging material which can also be used to strengthen and remove the deficiencies in unreinforced masonry walls. This composite material consists of a sequence of one or multiple layers of cement-based mortar reinforced with an open mesh of dry fibers (fabric). This thesis presents an experimental and analytical study which investigates the effectiveness of using FRCM composites to improve the out-of-plane resistance of URM walls when subjected to blast loading. As part of the experimental program, two large-scale URM masonry walls were constructed and strengthened with the 3-plies of unidirectional carbon FRCM retrofit. The specimens included one infill concrete masonry (CMU) wall, and one load-bearing stone wall. The University of Ottawa Shock Tube was used to test the walls under gradually increasing blast pressures until failure, and the results were compared to those of control (un-retrofitted) walls tested in previous research. Overall, the FRCM strengthening method was found to be a promising retrofit technique to increase the blast resistance of unreinforced masonry walls. In particular, the retrofit was effective in increasing the out-of-plane strength, stiffness and ultimate blast capacity of the walls, while delaying brittle failure and reducing fragmentation. As part of the analytical research, Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) analysis was performed to predict the blast behaviour of the stone load-bearing retrofit wall. This was done by computing wall flexural strength using Plane Section Analysis, and developing an idealized resistance curve for use in the SDOF analysis. Overall, the dynamic analysis results were found to be in reasonable agreement with the experimental maximum displacements.
Author: Robert G. Drysdale
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Masonry
Languages : en
Pages : 928
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Book Description
Author: L C Hollaway
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1845694899
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 415
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Book Description
The repair of deteriorated, damaged and substandard civil infrastructures has become one of the most important issues for the civil engineer worldwide. This important book discusses the use of externally-bonded fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites to strengthen, rehabilitate and retrofit civil engineering structures, covering such aspects as material behaviour, structural design and quality assurance. The first three chapters of the book review structurally-deficient civil engineering infrastructure, including concrete, metallic, masonry and timber structures. FRP composites used in rehabilitation and surface preparation of the component materials are also reviewed. The next four chapters deal with the design of FRP systems for the flexural and shear strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams and the strengthening of RC columns. The following two chapters examine the strengthening of metallic and masonry structures with FRP composites. The last four chapters of the book are devoted to practical considerations in the flexural strengthening of beams with unstressed and prestressed FRP plates, durability of externally bonded FRP composite systems, quality assurance and control, maintenance, repair, and case studies. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Strengthening and rehabilitation of civil infrastructures using fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is a valuable reference guide for engineers, scientists and technical personnel in civil and structural engineering working on the rehabilitation and strengthening of the civil infrastructure. Reviews the use of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in structurally damaged and sub-standard civil engineering structures Examines the role and benefits of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in different types of structures such as masonry and metallic strengthening Covers practical considerations including material behaviour, structural design and quality assurance
Author: Angelo Garofano
Publisher:
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Languages : en
Pages :
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The seismic events recently occurred all over the world and, in particular, in Europe have shown the high vulnerability of particular classes of buildings against the horizontal actions. The damage of structural masonry walls is one of the most widespread harming injuries and cause of loss of serviceability and seismic capacity for a building. The damage experienced by these masonry elements has brought to light the necessity to strengthen them with appropriate reinforcing systems in order to achieve an upgrading to the necessary seismic and energy dissipation capacity. Different strengthening systems have been proposed and studied during the last decades, with particular reference to the type of materials, system configuration with respect to the element to be strengthened, difficulties in the application and effectiveness of the reinforcement. Even though in the last years different studies have been carried out in this field, many issues regarding the methods for the evaluation of the actual behaviour of these techniques, and their effectiveness in the improvement of seismic behaviour of structural members to which they are applied, are still open. In the present study the structural behaviour of unreinforced masonry walls strengthened with composite grid reinforced mortar layers is studied. The characterization of the reinforcing system and the assessment of the overall increase of capacity of the strengthened masonry walls is performed. First of all, the study is focused on the investigation of the mechanical characteristics of the strengthening system in itself. In fact, the structural behaviour of an externally applied strengthening system for masonry walls is examined. The reinforcing technique considered in the present research is composed by mortar layers incorporating a FRP reinforcement in form of grid. The FRP reinforced mortar layers are externally applied to the wall surfaces in a symmetric fashion, and can also be connected to the wall by means of an adequate connection system. The mechanical behaviour of the reinforced mortar under tensile, compression and shear loading is assessed through laboratory tests and constitutive laws can be proposed to characterize the reinforced mortar mechanical behaviour. The experimental characterization of the presented system is followed by and validated through numerical modelling and simulation of its mechanical behaviour. In a second phase, the behaviour of masonry walls strengthened by means of the considered technique is studied. The in-plane shear behaviour is considered, in case of cyclic loading state. The performances of the global strengthened assemblage is thus examined with both experimental and numerical investigation criteria. Also, the overall ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the system, while subjected to horizontal in-plane actions, is studied. The actual mechanical behaviour of the proposed structural solution is investigated through an experimental program with prototypes. Furthermore, a finite element model is realized in order to replicate the structural features of the strengthened masonry wall. The finite element model can be also used for further validation of the panels performances.
