Proposed Sale and Launch of United States Satellites on Chinese Missiles PDF Download
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Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Security, and Science
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Artificial satellites
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Security, and Science
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Artificial satellites
Languages : en
Pages : 152
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Security, and Science
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Artificial satellites
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 145
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Security, and Science
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Artificial satellites
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on National Security
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Artificial satellites
Languages : en
Pages : 420
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Book Description
Author: J. Barry Patterson
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Category : Astronautics and state
Languages : en
Pages : 29
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Book Description
Author: Shirley A Kan
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Members of Congress are concerned about whether U.S. firms have provided technology or expertise to China for use in its ballistic missile program and whether a series of decisions by the Clinton Administration on satellite exports have facilitated legal or illegal transfers of missile-related technology to China. The New York Times reported in April 1998 that the Justice Department is conducting an ongoing criminal investigation into whether Loral Space and Communications (of New York), and Hughes Electronics (of Los Angeles) violated export control laws. The firms are alleged to have shared their findings with China on the cause of a Chinese rocket’s explosion while launching a U.S.-origin satellite in February 1996. In sharing their conclusions, the companies are said to have provided expertise that China could use to improve its ballistic missiles, including their guidance systems. This CRS report provides detailed background information, significant Congressional action, and a comprehensive chronology. The events summarized here, based on various open sources and interviews, pertain to various aspects of U.S. foreign and security policy.
Author: Clayton K. S. Chun
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: J. Barry Patterson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Astronautics and state
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
China became a serious member of the spacefaring community in 1985 and in response, the U.S. developed agreements to limit the economic impact on U.S. space programs and to control the spread of related technology. China charges less for a space launch than a U.S. firm does and so an economic threat to the livelihood of U.S. space industries exists. The precarious U.S. launch industry is already challenged by Arianespace. The U.S. is also concerned about transferring technology to China from U.S. satellite manufacturers. The technology involved in mating satellites to boosters, measuring stress on the satellite at launch, and the development of apogee kick motors is all transferable to missile technology and may aid China in its intercontinental ballistic missile programs. Not only has China been improving its own programs, it has also sold missiles and technologies to other countries such as Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, and India. To foster the growing relationship between China and the U.S., clear policies and agreements are needed that match our national security interests with economic reality.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Congress has been concerned about whether U.S. firms, in exporting satellites, provided expertise to China for use in its ballistic missile and space programs and whether the Administration's policies might facilitate transfers of military-related technology to China. This CRS Report discusses security concerns, policy changes, congressional action, and a chronology of major developments since 1988. Some critics opposed satellite exports to China, while others were concerned that the Clinton Administration relaxed export controls and monitoring of commercial satellites in moving the licensing authority from the State Department to Commerce in 1996. A range of concerns were prompted by New York Times reports in April 1998 that the Justice Department began a criminal investigation into whether Loral Space and Communications Ltd. and Hughes Electronics Corp. violated export control laws. The firms allegedly shared their findings with China on the cause of a rocket's explosion while launching a U.S.-origin satellite in February 1996. The companies are said to have provided expertise that China could use to improve the accuracy and reliability of its future ballistic missiles, including their guidance systems. At least three classified studies reportedly found that U.S. national security was harmed. In the fall of 1998, Congress passed the FY1999 National Defense Authorization Act that transferred licensing authority over satellites back to the State Department (effective March 15, 1999). On October 5, 1999, the President signed into law the FY2000 National Defense Authorization Act (P.L. 106-65) in which Congress addressed export controls relating to missile technology, satellites, and other issues.
