Progress Towards Parity Nonconservation in Atomic Ytterbium PDF Download
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Author: Jason Evan Stalnaker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Author: Jason Evan Stalnaker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Author: Khriplovich
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9782881247729
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Khriplovich (physics, Novosibirsk U., USSR) describes his own work and that of others in demonstrating the first decisive confirmations of the unified model of atomic electroweak interactions. The studies of weak interaction by optical methods, at the boundary between elementary particle physics and atomic spectroscopy, have revealed parity nonconservation in atomic transitions. He considers the effects of space-inversion and time-reversal violations in atoms, molecules, and condensed matter. First published in Russian in 1981, and translated from the 1988 second edition. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Author: Dimitri Robert Dounas-Frazer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Atomic parity violation has been observed in the 408 nm 1S0--3D1 forbidden transition of ytterbium. The parity violating amplitude is 8.7(1.4)e-10 ea0, two orders of magnitude larger than in cesium, where the most precise experiments to date have been performed. This is in accordance with theoretical predictions and constitutes the largest atomic parity violating amplitude yet observed. This also opens the way to future measurements of neutron skins and anapole moments by comparing parity-violating amplitudes for various isotopes and hyperfine components of the transition. We present a detailed description of the observation. Linearly polarized 408 nm light interacts with ytterbium atoms in crossed electric (E) and magnetic fields (B). The probability of the 1S0--3D1 transition contains a parity-violating term, proportional to E'B[(E'xE B], arising from interference between the amplitudes of transitions induced by the electroweak interaction and the Stark effect ((E' is the optical electric field). The transition probability is detected by measuring the population of the metastable 3P0 state, to which 65% of the atoms excited to the 3D1 state spontaneously decay. The population of the 3P0 state is determined by resonantly exciting the atoms with 649 nm light to the 3S1 state and collecting the fluorescence resulting from its decay. Systematic corrections due to imperfections in the applied electric and magnetic fields are determined in auxiliary experiments. The statistical uncertainty is dominated by parasitic frequency excursions of the 408-nm excitation light due to imperfect stabilization of the optical reference with respect to the atomic resonance. The present uncertainties are 9% statistical and 8% systematic. Methods of improving the accuracy for the future experiments are discussed. We further present a measurement of the dynamic scalar and tensor polarizabilities of ytterbium's 3D1 state. The polarizabilities were measured by analyzing the spectral lineshape of the 1S0--3D1 transition. Due to the interaction of atoms with the standing wave, the lineshape has a characteristic polarizability-dependent distortion. A theoretical model was used to simulate the lineshape and determine a combination of the polarizabilities of the ground and excited states by fitting the model to experimental data. This combination was measured with a 13% uncertainty, only 3% of which is due to uncertainty in the simulation and fitting procedure. By comparing two different combinations of polarizabilities, the scalar and tensor polarizabilities of the state $3D1$ were measured to be 0.151(36) Hz/(V/cm)^2 and -0.205(53) Hz/(V/cm)^2, respectively. We show that this technique can be applied to similar atomic systems. Finally, we propose two methods for improving future measurements of atomic parity violation using two-photon transitions. The first method is characterized by the absence of static external electric and magnetic fields. Such measurements can be achieved by observing the interference of parity-conserving and parity-violating two-photon transition amplitudes between energy eigenstates of zero electronic angular momentum. General expressions for induced two-photon transition amplitudes are derived. The two-photon scheme using the 1S0--1P1--3P0 transition in ytterbium (399 nm and 1280 nm) is proposed as a crosscheck of the APV experiment which uses the single-photon 408 nm 1S0--3D1 transition. We estimate that the signal-to-noise ratio of the proposed experiment is comparable to that achieved in the 408 nm system. The second method allows for measurement of nuclear spin dependent atomic parity violation without nuclear spin independent background. Such measurements can be achieved by driving parity violating two-photon J=0--1 transitions driven by identical photons in the presence of an external static magnetic field. We discuss two promising applications: the 462 nm 5s^2 1S0--5s9p 1P1 transition in strontium-87, and the 741 nm 7s^2 1S0--7s7p 3P1 transition in unstable radium-225.
Author: K. de Jager
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540744134
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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This book contains the proceedings of the third international workshop on From Parity Violation to Hadronic Structure and More. The many applications of parity violation are way beyond the scope of what Lee and Yang could have imagined fifty years after their proposal. For the physics topics discussed during this workshop, the application of parity violation has become a standard work horse allowing for the extraction of many physics topics in different experiments.
Author: I. B. Khriplovich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Author: Pintu Mandal
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783848482696
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Motivated by the challenges and limitation of existing experimental techniques, this work elaborates our recent proposal for the precision measurement of atomic parity nonconservation by quantum metrology with an entangled pair of trapped ions. Although the technique is fundamentally based on an existing proposal, it can potentially reach a figure of merit twice as high for an exceedingly tiny observable, yet to be measured in any ion trap experiment. The systematic of the technique have been shown to be better controlled as compared to other experiments. Since the goal of the experiment is to test the Standard Model of physics, the measured parity violating transitional dipole matrix element has to be compared with the theory of competitive precision. The choice of the element therefore plays an important role for the success of the experiment. Barium and radium ions have been compared from this perspective. The work presents the theoretical study on nuclear spin dependent atomic parity nonconservation and nuclear anapole moment in different isotopes of these ions and proposes specific transitions that are experimentally feasible.
Author: Pasquale Maddaloni
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439841519
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 766
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Foreword by Nobel laureate Professor Theodor W. Hänsch of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Based on the authors’ experimental work over the last 25 years, Laser-Based Measurements for Time and Frequency Domain Applications: A Handbook presents basic concepts, state-of-the-art applications, and future trends in optical, atomic, and molecular physics. It provides all the background information on the main kinds of laser sources and techniques, offers a detailed account of the most recent results obtained for time- and frequency-domain applications of lasers, and develops the theoretical framework necessary for understanding the experimental applications. After a historical introduction, the book describes the basic concepts and mathematical tools required for studying the physics of oscillators. It then discusses microwave and optical resonators, crucial aspects of operation and fundamental properties of lasers, and precision spectroscopy and absolute frequency metrology. It also focuses on microwave and optical frequency standards and explores current and potential research directions. Accessible to scientists, postdoc researchers, and advanced undergraduate students, this self-contained book gives a wide-ranging, balanced overview of the areas—including frequency standards and clocks, ultra-high-precision spectroscopy, quantum information, and environmental metrology—revolutionized by the recent advent of optical frequency comb synthesizers (OFCSs) based on femtosecond mode-locked lasers. The book is also a useful guide to cutting-edge research for manufacturers of advanced laser systems and optical devices.
Author: E. N. Fortson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Category : Nuclear energy
Languages : en
Pages : 744
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 780
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