Productivity and Energy Relationships of a Free-living Population of Uinta Ground Squirrels PDF Download
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Author: Jonathan P. Secter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Jonathan P. Secter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: United States. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Author: Robert L. Ruff
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Author: Fred LeRoy Knopf
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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This study documents the timing of seasonal events and associated changes in body weights of Uinta ground squirrels (Spermophilus armatus) that live at three different altitudes. The investigation provides detailed field data for biologists investigating circannual rhythms and hibernation in the laboratory. Ground squirrels aroused and subsequently emerged from hibernation in an overlapping sequence: adult males first, followed by adult females, yearling females and yearling males. Within limits some climatic condition(s) delayed emergence and increased the overlap in emergence sequence. The duration of seasonal activities above ground averaged about 90 days for adult and yearling squirrels. Juveniles were active above ground for 60-70 days. Each summer, adult males and adult and yearling females immerged into estivation-hibernation about the same date. Yearling males immerged later and juveniles immerged last. Adult and yearling squirrels gained body weight rapidly except for brief periods during reproduction. Males began to gain weight after the breeding season. Female weights started to increase immediately after emergence but leveled off during lactation. Juveniles gained weight steadily after emergence from the natal burrow. Mean body weights of squirrels leveled off late in the active season. Seasonal activities and changes in body weights of Uinta ground squirrels were shifted back 6 weeks in time at higher elevations. The annual cycle of Uinta ground squirrels appeared to be the result of an interaction between an endogenous timing mechanism and the immediate environmental conditions. Arousal from hibernation occurred about the same date each year and was probably under endogenous control. After arousal, exogenous factors acted to shorten or lengthen subsequent phases in the annual cycle. Later arousal of squirrels at high altitudes indicated that endogenous timing mechanisms of the species are entrained to the environmental conditions encountered at the respective altitudes.
Author: Spencer R. Amend
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ground squirrels
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Steve F. Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ground squirrels
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Author: Norman A. Slade
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ground squirrels
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Author: Robert Edgar Walker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Citellus armatus
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Author: David F. Balph
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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This study describes behavior of the Uinta round squirrel (Citellus armatus) in a free-living population. Its objective is to provide basic behavioral information on a small mammal which can fill in part of the gaps in our knowledge of behavior and social organization of the vertebrates. This would contribute to the long-term goal of viewing the progressive evolutionary changes in behavior from lower forms to man. Tinbergen has done much experimental work with animals, but he cautions biologists not to begin experimental work until they have a knowledge of the animals' general behavior. In his book Social Behaviour in Animals (1953), he states that initial behavioral research should be broad, descriptive, and observational in nature. This is necessary before attempting investigation of specific behavioral problems in order to place each behavior pattern in its proper perspective. Accordingly, this study attempts to describe the spectrum of ground squirrel activity aboveground. Further, within the limited scope of a broad descriptive study, it attempts to ascribe possible causation, function, and origin to some of these activities. The beginner sees a welter of activities and postures in the ground squirrel. However, with time one learns that there are general patterns of behavior in the apparent chaos. A given situation, such as feeding or fighting, is sufficiently stereotyped to enable one to generalize about the activities and postures that occur. This paper presents just such generalizations. All descriptions are of adult ground squirrels in the study area unless otherwise indicated.
Author: David J. Hafner
Publisher: IUCN
ISBN: 9782831704630
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
The first comprehensive treatment of North American rodents of conservation concern. This action plan summarizes the rodent fauna of North America and provides available information on every rodent taxon that has been considered to be of conservation concern by state, provincial and private conservation agencies and regional experts. It is hoped that the survey provided in this action plan will serve as a common ground for all these parties in drawing up conservation strategies for rodents.
