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Author: Xiaoguang Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biochemical engineering
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Abstract: The main goal of this research was to develop an economical process for butyric acid and hydrogen production by Clostridium tyrobutyricum. First, metabolically engineered mutants, PPTA-Em and PAK-Em with knocked-out pta and ack genes, were characterized by Southern hybridization, enzyme assay, protein expression, and final product tolerance analysis. The original pta and ack genes were inactivated in the mutants, and the activities of PTA, AK, and hydrogenase changed greatly. SDS-PAGE and 2D electrophoresis showed that both PTA and AK were deleted from mutants. Butyric acid tolerance was also significantly improved in these mutants. Second, free cell fermentation by PPTA-Em from glucose showed that butyric acid concentration reached about 40 g/L with yield of 0.38 g/g and higher productivity 0.63 g/L·h. The immobilization fermentation using fibrous-bed bioreactor (FBB) produced butyric acid at a concentration of 50 g/L. It was found that different sugar sources affected fermentation, protein expression, and metabolic flux. Third, a higher butyric acid yield (0.42 g/g) and final concentration (42 g/L) was obtained with PAK-Em from free cell fermentation. Hydrogen production by PAK-Em also increased significantly with yield of 2.61 and hydrogen/carbon dioxide ratio of 1.44. Fourth, through adaptation in the FBB fibrous matrix, the highest butyric acid concentration of 81 g/L was obtained at pH 6.3 by PAK-Em with yield of approx. 0.45 g/g. A mutant that produced even more hydrogen, with hydrogen/carbon dioxide ratio of 2.69 and with very fast growth rate, was also discovered from the FBB adaptation. Different pHs (from pH 5.0 to pH 7.0) and sugar sources (glucose, xylose, and fructose) were applied to FBB fermentation to better understand the metabolic mechanism. Metabolic shift analysis proved that both PTA-AK metabolic pathways were blocked by the gene manipulation. Finally, shotgun DNA microarray is being applied to globally study bacterial genomic function, and to analyze and identify the key genes and proteins present in C. tyrobutyricum under different environmental conditions. The novel metabolically engineered mutants and the FBB application are important to the development of an economical bioprocess for butyric acid and hydrogen production from biomass by C. tyrobutyricm.
Author: Xiaoguang Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biochemical engineering
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Abstract: The main goal of this research was to develop an economical process for butyric acid and hydrogen production by Clostridium tyrobutyricum. First, metabolically engineered mutants, PPTA-Em and PAK-Em with knocked-out pta and ack genes, were characterized by Southern hybridization, enzyme assay, protein expression, and final product tolerance analysis. The original pta and ack genes were inactivated in the mutants, and the activities of PTA, AK, and hydrogenase changed greatly. SDS-PAGE and 2D electrophoresis showed that both PTA and AK were deleted from mutants. Butyric acid tolerance was also significantly improved in these mutants. Second, free cell fermentation by PPTA-Em from glucose showed that butyric acid concentration reached about 40 g/L with yield of 0.38 g/g and higher productivity 0.63 g/L·h. The immobilization fermentation using fibrous-bed bioreactor (FBB) produced butyric acid at a concentration of 50 g/L. It was found that different sugar sources affected fermentation, protein expression, and metabolic flux. Third, a higher butyric acid yield (0.42 g/g) and final concentration (42 g/L) was obtained with PAK-Em from free cell fermentation. Hydrogen production by PAK-Em also increased significantly with yield of 2.61 and hydrogen/carbon dioxide ratio of 1.44. Fourth, through adaptation in the FBB fibrous matrix, the highest butyric acid concentration of 81 g/L was obtained at pH 6.3 by PAK-Em with yield of approx. 0.45 g/g. A mutant that produced even more hydrogen, with hydrogen/carbon dioxide ratio of 2.69 and with very fast growth rate, was also discovered from the FBB adaptation. Different pHs (from pH 5.0 to pH 7.0) and sugar sources (glucose, xylose, and fructose) were applied to FBB fermentation to better understand the metabolic mechanism. Metabolic shift analysis proved that both PTA-AK metabolic pathways were blocked by the gene manipulation. Finally, shotgun DNA microarray is being applied to globally study bacterial genomic function, and to analyze and identify the key genes and proteins present in C. tyrobutyricum under different environmental conditions. The novel metabolically engineered mutants and the FBB application are important to the development of an economical bioprocess for butyric acid and hydrogen production from biomass by C. tyrobutyricm.
Author: Xiaoguang Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemical engineering
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Le Yu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 211
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Book Description
n-Butanol production by Clostridium tyrobutyricum was enhanced by overexpressing ctfAB genes, which could limit the accumulation of by-products acetate and butyrate. Besides that, two extracellular a-glucosidases were introduced into C. tyrobutyricum. The mutants showed active hydrolytic capability of maltose and soluble starch and an increase in butanol production. Finally, the bottleneck of xylose metabolism in glucose and xylose co-fermentation for biobutanol production was also eliminated.
Author: Shang-Tian Yang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118641949
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 561
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Book Description
Sets the stage for large-scale production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals In response to diminishing supplies as well as the environmental hazards posed by fossil fuels and petrochemicals, interest and demand for green, sustainable biofuels and bio-based chemicals are soaring. Biomass may be the solution. It is an abundant carbon-neutral renewable feedstock that can be used for the production of fuels and chemicals. Currently, biorefineries use corn, soybeans, and sugarcane for bioethanol and biodiesel production; however, there are many challenges facing biorefineries, preventing biomass from reaching its full potential. This book provides a comprehensive review of bioprocessing technologies that use lignocellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels, biochemicals, and biopolymers. It begins with an overview of integrated biorefineries. Next, it covers: Biomass feedstocks, including sugar, starch, oil, and energy crops as well as microalgae Pretreatment technologies for lignocellulosic biomass Hydrolytic enzymes used in biorefineries for the hydrolysis of starch and lignocelluloses Bioconversion technologies for current and future biofuels such as ethanol, biodiesel, butanol, hydrogen, and biogas Specialty chemicals, building block chemicals, and biopolymers produced via fermentation Phytochemicals and functional food ingredients extracted from plant materials All the chapters have been written and edited by leading experts in bioprocessing and biorefining technologies. Contributions are based on a thorough review of the literature as well as the authors' firsthand experience developing and working with bioprocessing technologies. By setting forth the current state of the technology and pointing to promising new directions in research, Bioprocessing Technologies in Biorefinery for Sustainable Production of Fuels, Chemicals, and Polymers will enable readers to move towards large-scale, sustainable, and economical production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals.
Author: Long Liu
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811504466
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
This book discusses systems and synthetic biotechnologies for the production of nutraceuticals, and summarizes recent advances in nutraceutical research in terms of the physiological effects on health, potential applications, drawbacks of traditional production processes, characteristics of production strains, and advances in microbial production based on systems and synthetic biotechnology. It also examines future directions in the microbial production of nutraceuticals using systems and synthetic biology. The book is intended for researchers and graduate students in the field of molecular biology and industrial biotechnology as well as staff working in the nutraceutical industry.
Author: Dragica Minic
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535108123
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Book Description
Hydrogen economy represents the future of human civilization. Limited resources of our planet are compelling us to turn to renewable clean energy resources and hydrogen figures prominently as the energy carrier of a future sustainable energy system. There are significant challenges to be overcome in order to make hydrogen viable, in production, storage and power generation, while safety of operation is an ever-present factor that determines success or failure of a proposed solution. Recent developments in all of these aspects are reviewed in this book, along with some latest research in the field of hydrogen energy and use.
Author: Kazuyuki Shimizu
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351650106
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 377
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Book Description
The global warming problem is becoming critical year by year, causing climate disaster all over the world, where it has been believed that the CO2 gas emitted from the factories and the burning of fossil fuels may be one of the reasons of global warming. Moreover, the global stock of fossil fuels is limited, and may run out soon within several tens of years. Although wind, geo-thermal, and tide energies have been considered as clean energy sources, those depend on the land or sea locations and subject to the climate change. Biofuel and biochemical production from renewable bio-resources has thus been paid recent attention from environmental protection and energy production points of view, where the current chemical and energy producing plants can be also utilized with slight modification. The so-called 1st generation biofuels have been produced from corn starch and sugarcane in particular in USA and Brazil. However, this causes the problem of the so-called "food and energy issues" as the production scale increases. The 2nd generation biofuel production from lingo-cellulosic biomass or wastes has thus been paid recent attention. However, it requires energy intensive pretreatment for the degradation of lingo-cellulosic biomass, and the fermentation is slow due to low growth rate, and thus the productivity of biofuels and bio-chemicals is low. The 3rd generation biofuel production from photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria and algae has been also paid attention, because such organisms can grow with only sun light and CO2 in the air, but the cell growth rate and thus the productivity of the fuels is significantly low. The main part or core of such production processes is the fermentation by micro-organisms. In particular, it is critical to properly understand the cell metabolism followed by the efficient metabolic engineering. The book gives comprehensive explanation of the cell metabolism and the metabolic regulation mechanisms of a variety of micro-organisms. Then the efficient metabolic engineering approaches are explained to properly design the microbial cell factories for the efficient cell growth and biofuel and biochemical production.
Author: Juan Gabriel Segovia-Hernandez
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0323998054
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 406
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Book Description
Advances and Developments in Biobutanol Production is a comprehensive reference on the production and purification of biobutanol, from the fundamentals to the latest advances. Focusing on selection of biomass, choice of pretreatments, biochemistry and design of fermentation, purification and biofuel application, the book also provides details on biorefinery design, lifecycle analysis, and offers perspectives on future developments. Through detailed analysis, chapters show readers how to overcome the challenges associated with the correct selection of raw material and adequate biomass pretreatment, the selection of microorganisms for fermenting biomass sugars, the purification of effluent coming from fermentation, and the high energy demands of production. Solutions are supported by step-by-step guidance on methodologies and processes, with lab and industry-scale case studies providing real-world examples of their implementation. This book provides readers with a unique and comprehensive reference on the production of biobutanol for biofuel that will be of interest to graduates, researchers and professionals involved in bioenergy and renewable energy. - Presents a holistic approach to the production and purification of biobutanol and its use as the high-value bioproduct - Provides solutions to the major challenges and bottlenecks in biobutanol production, including feedstock, pretreatment, purification, fermentation, high energy demand and recover costs - Offers step-by-step guidance on processes and procedures and describes their applications alongside real-world case studies
Author: Gustavo Molina
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000837998
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 331
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Book Description
This book gives a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the valorization of agri-food waste and discusses the main process conditions needed to overcome the difficulties of using waste as alternative raw materials. It also discusses specific methodologies, opportunistic microbes for biomass valorization, the sustainable production of agri-food waste, as well as examines the assessment and management of bioactive molecules production from microbial-valorization of agri-food waste. The authors provide technical concepts on the production of various bio-products and their commercial interest including agri-food waste utilization in the microbial synthesis of proteins, the valorization of horticulture waste, the sustainable production of pectin via microbial fermentation, as well as other food and pharmacological applications. This book is intended for bioengineers, biologists, biochemists, biotechnologists, microbiologists, food technologists, enzymologists, and related professionals and researchers. Explores recent advances in the valorization of agri-food waste Provides technical concepts on the production of various bio-products of commercial interest Discusses the main process conditions to overcome the difficulties of using waste as alternative raw materials Introduces technical-economic details on the advantages and disadvantages of exploring the waste recovery chain Explores the main technological advances in the recovery of residues in functional products
Author: Nuri Azbar
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
ISBN: 1608052249
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 275
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Book Description
"Energy is vital to global prosperity, yet dependence on fossil fuels as our primary energy source contributes to global climate change, environmental degradation, and health problems1. J.O.'.M. Bockris, The origin of ideas on a hydrogen economy and its so"
