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Author: Navid Nikpour
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 65
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Book Description
This work aims at the production and characterization of hybrid composites based on a thermoplastic polymer (high density polyethylene, HDPE), a natural fiber (hemp) as reinforcement and ground tire rubber (GTR) as an impact modifier. The addition of a coupling agent (maleated polyethylene) is also investigated. The samples are compounded by twin-screw extrusion and produced by injection molding. From the samples obtained, a complete morphological and mechanical characterization is performed. The results show that good dispersion is obtained due to the selected processing conditions and good interfacial adhesion between all the phases is achieved due to the presence of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE). Finally, for selected mechanical properties, nonlinear regression models are proposed to predict and control the final properties of these compounds and comparisons are made based on the neat matrix properties.
Author: Navid Nikpour
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 65
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Book Description
This work aims at the production and characterization of hybrid composites based on a thermoplastic polymer (high density polyethylene, HDPE), a natural fiber (hemp) as reinforcement and ground tire rubber (GTR) as an impact modifier. The addition of a coupling agent (maleated polyethylene) is also investigated. The samples are compounded by twin-screw extrusion and produced by injection molding. From the samples obtained, a complete morphological and mechanical characterization is performed. The results show that good dispersion is obtained due to the selected processing conditions and good interfacial adhesion between all the phases is achieved due to the presence of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE). Finally, for selected mechanical properties, nonlinear regression models are proposed to predict and control the final properties of these compounds and comparisons are made based on the neat matrix properties.
Author: Jaykumar Dineshkumar Patel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Composites made of thermoplastic with ground tire rubber (GTR) have attracted increasing interest as recycled rubber with reclaimed polymer offer advantages of better tensile properties, better toughness, low energy requirement for molding, more economical, and provides an opportunity to add value to disposed material. Thermoplastic material studied herein is primarily recycled linear low-density polyethylene (RLLDPE) from agricultural films with 10% being virgin LLDPE. The agricultural plastic obtained from scrap grain bags contain naturally oxidized macromolecules that provides better adhesion with GTR. In addition, hemp fiber processed from crop residue provides reinforcement to enhance the tensile strength and stiffness of the composite. The research characterizes the behavior of a value-added thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) of varying compositions of recycled thermoplastic, virgin thermoplastic, GTR, and natural fiber formed under different processing parameters. From the literature review examining value-added thermoplastic elastomer composites, sufficient data was obtained for conducting further analysis. Tensile properties (tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EB), Young's modulus (YM)) were identified as dependent variables. Processing parameters including GTR percentage (RP), fiber percentage (FP), GTR particle size (RS), compatibiliser percentage (CO%), type of blending (BT), type of specimen procedure (SP) along with properties of matrix material were identified as independent variable. Using multiple regression analysis with stepwise regression, statistical model with continuous and categorical independent ii variables having significant effect on the outcome variable were derived. Models were derived that explain the variations in each dependent variable with minimum error and higher correlation. Model verification was two-fold using test data from literature as well as experimental data. Both set of data compared favorably with values predicted by the model having coefficient of determination value higher than 0.75 for each property. The derived equations suggest that tensile properties have nonlinear relationship with the property parameters. Inverse correlation of tensile properties with GTR percentage and rubber size proves varying detrimental effect. Incorporating natural fiber up to 30% enhances the stiffness and tensile strength at the expense of about 90% reduction in elongation at break. Tensile properties of thermoplastic matrix were found to explain about 15% variation in tensile strength and stiffness of composite material. To validate the model with experimental data, tensile specimens were prepared by compression molding with GTR percentage ranging from 10% to 70%. The required properties were achieved by performing the tensile test following the ASTM D412-16 standard. The evaluation of experimental data revealed conformity with predicted data within the allowable error range. This research investigated the mechanical properties of value-added thermoplastic elastomer material and created statistical models for tensile properties. Using the well derived equation, engineers can select the material, their composition, and different processing parameters to achieve desired properties to manufacture products for various applications.
Author: Pramendra K. Bajpai
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 352734599X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
Presents state-of-the-art processing techniques and readily applicable knowledge on processing of polymer composites The book presents the advancement in the field of reinforced polymer composites with emphasis on manufacturing techniques, including processing of different reinforced polymer composites, secondary processing of green composites, and post life cycle processing. It discusses the advantages and limitations of each processing method and the effect of processing parameters on the overall performance of the composites. Characterization and applications of reinforced polymer composites are also introduced. Reinforced Polymer Composites: Processing, Characterization and Post Life Cycle Assessment starts off by providing readers with a comprehensive overview of the field. It then introduces them to the fabrication of both short fiber/filler reinforced polymer composites and laminated reinforced polymer composites. Next, it takes them through the processing of polymer-based nanocomposites; the many advances in curing methods of reinforced polymer composites; and post life cycle processing, re-processing, and disposal mechanisms of reinforced polymer composites. Numerous other chapters cover: synthetic versus natural fiber reinforced plastics; characterization techniques of reinforced plastics; friction and wear analysis of reinforced plastics; secondary processing of reinforced plastics; and applications of reinforced plastics. -Presents the latest development in materials, processing, and characterization techniques, as well as applications of reinforced polymer composites -Guides users in choosing the best processing methods to produce polymer composites and successfully manufacture high quality products -Assists academics in sorting out basic research questions and helps those in industry manufacture products, such as marine, automotive, aerospace, and sport goods Reinforced Polymer Composites: Processing, Characterization and Post Life Cycle Assessment is an important book for materials scientists, polymer chemists, chemical engineers, process engineers, and anyone involved in the chemical or plastics technology industry.
Author: Sriram Yagneswaran
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Addition polymerization
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
Author: S. M. Sapuan
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0081021615
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 398
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Book Description
Natural Fiber Reinforced Vinyl Ester and Vinyl Polymer Composites: Characterization, Properties and Applications discusses recent advances on the development, characterization and application of natural fiber vinyl ester and vinyl polymers composites. Various types of vinyl ester and vinyl based polymers, such as poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), low and high density polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) are discussed. Chapters focus on different composite fabrication processes, such as compression moulding, hand lay-up, and pultrusion processes. Key themes covered include the properties and characterization of vinyl ester and vinyl polymers composites reinforced by natural fibers. The effect of fiber treatment and coupling agents on mechanical and physical properties of these materials is also evaluated. In addition to a determination of physical and mechanical properties, studies on thermal, degradation, swelling behavior, and the morphological properties of natural fiber reinforced vinyl ester and vinyl polymer composites is also presented. - Presents the importance of vinyl ester and vinyl-based polymers as matrices in natural fiber composites - Provides a detailed and comprehensive review on the development, characterization and applications of natural fiber vinyl ester and vinyl polymers composites - Looks at recent fabrication techniques and the mechanical properties of materials - Contains contributions from leading experts in the field
Author: Wendy Rodriguez-Castellanos
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
In this chapter, a review is made on the processing and properties of hybrid composites based on a polymer matrix and a blend of different natural (lignocellulosic) fibers. In particular, the processing methods are described and comparisons are made between the general properties with a focus on physical, mechanical and thermal properties. A discussion is presented on the effect of the polymer and fiber types, as well as reinforcement content. Properties improvement is also discussed using fiber surface treatment or the addition of coupling agents. Finally, auto-hybrid composites are presented with conditions leading to a positive deviation from the rule of hybrid mixture (RoHM) model.
Author: Mohd Sapuan Salit
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319079441
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 393
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Book Description
Natural fibre composite is an emerging material that has great potential to be used in engineering application. Oil palm, sugar palm, bagasse, coir, banana stem, hemp, jute, sisal, kenaf, roselle, rice husk, betul nut husk and cocoa pod are among the natural fibres reported to be used as reinforcing materials in polymer composites. Natural fibre composites were used in many industries such as automotive, building, furniture, marine and aerospace industries. The advantages of natural fibre composites include low cost, renewable, abundance, light weight, less abrasive and they are suitable to be used in semi or non-structural engineering components. Research on various aspects of natural fibre composites such as characterization, determination of properties and design have been extensively carried out. However, publications that reported on research of manufacture of natural fibre composites are very limited. Specifically, although manufacturing methods of components from natural fibre composites are similar to those of components from conventional fibre composites such as glass, carbon and Kevlar fibres, modification of equipment used for conventional fibre composites may be required. This book fills the gap of knowledge in the field of natural fibre composites for the research community. Among the methods reported that are being used to produce components from natural fibre composites include hand lay-up, compression moulding, filament winding, injection moulding, resin transfer moulding, pultrusion and vacuum bag moulding. This book is also intended to address some research on secondary processing such as machining and laser welding of natural fibre composites. It is hoped that publication of this book will provide the readers new knowledge and understanding on the manufacture of natural fibre composites.
Author: Alessandro Pegoretti
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889660516
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Book Description
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Author: Ehsan Shafiee Monfared
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bagasse
Languages : en
Pages : 197
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Book Description
Natural fiber-plastic composites containing natural fibers as dispersed phase (filler) and polypropylene as matrix are an important and emerging type of compounds used in construction, automotive, consumer products, etc. To evaluate and understand the properties of NFPCs in construction industry, it is important to check the mechanical properties of laboratory prepared NFPCs with various fibers, polypropylene grades and additives. To achieve this goal, the fibers are needed to be ground and be thoroughly analyzed for fiber sizes distributions and aspect ratios distributions to identify the size and shape of fibers to correlate such information with mechanical properties of the NFPC. In this dissertation, it was found that oat hull fibers were smaller than bagasse fibers on average and had lower aspect ratios compared to bagasse fibers. Using Minitab software, two-level factorial experimental design was employed in three design of experiments (DOEs) to check the effect of fiber type, fiber content, coupling agent content, impact modifier type and impact modifier content on mechanical and impact properties of NFPC. Samples as per DOE runs were conditioned, compounded with twin screw co-rotating extruder, injection molded and tested. The results indicated that bagasse interacts much better compared to oat hull with coupling agent. As well, styrene copolymerized with ethylene/propylene rubber appeared to be more effective in increasing impact properties. Coupling agent appeared to very effective increasing tensile properties although had mild deteriorating effect on impact properties. It was found that compared to unfilled polypropylene, bagasse as a natural filler was very effective on Flexural properties, however, bagasse decreased the tensile properties when compared to unfilled polypropylene. SEM microscopy was used to observe mechanism of impact and appeared to support numerical tests results of Izod Impact Energy responses. Statistical methods generally validated the results and best normal residual plot fit was for Izod Impact results which was almost linear. The worst fit however, belonged to mean failure Energy results. Statistical validity of results was also considered in detail using normal residual plots and were reported in detail for each DOE. Generally, the results were validated with some exceptions. It is important to evaluate and understand the effect of UV weathering on properties of commercially available NFPC products. To achieve this goal, a Design of experiment was designed to run tests for effect of weathering and physical impact location on multi-axial impact properties of an NFPC product. Commercial products were cut to size and impacted by multi-axial impact tester and work versus displacement graphs were generated. Effect of UV weathering and impact location was studied on Multi-Axial impact responses of NFPC commercial roofing product and results indicated UV weathering deteriorated total energy, energy to maximum load and maximum load of roofing product. The location of impact either in middle or side or with/without back reinforcement, was not found to be effective on multi-axial impact properties The statistical method used was mildly validated using normal residual plots.
Author: K O Niska
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1845694570
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 383
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Book Description
Wood-polymer composites (WPC) are materials in which wood is impregnated with monomers that are then polymerised in the wood to tailor the material for special applications. The resulting properties of these materials, from lightness and enhanced mechanical properties to greater sustainability, has meant a growing number of applications in such areas as building, construction and automotive engineering. This important book reviews the manufacture of wood-polymer composites, how their properties can be assessed and improved and their range of uses.After an introductory chapter, the book reviews key aspects of manufacture, including raw materials, manufacturing technologies and interactions between wood and synthetic polymers. Building on this foundation, the following group of chapters discusses mechanical and other properties such as durability, creep behaviour and processing performance. The book concludes by looking at orientated wood-polymer composites, wood-polymer composite foams, at ways of assessing performance and at the range of current and future applications.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Wood-polymer composites is a valuable reference for all those using and studying these important materials. - Provides a comprehensive survey of major new developments in wood-polymer composites - Reviews the key aspects of manufacture, including raw materials and manufacturing technologies - Discusses properties such as durability, creep behaviour and processing performance
