Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Based Blends, Composites and Nanocomposites PDF Download
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Author: P.M. Visakh
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 0128012749
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) is an industrially important material which is not treated specifically in any other book. Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Based Blends, Composites and Nanocomposites fills this gap and systematically guides the reader through all aspects of PET and its blends, composites and nanocomposites. It covers theoretical fundamentals, nanocomposites preparation, modification techniques, structure-property relationships, characterisation of the different blends and composites, and material choice for specific applications. Consisting of contributions from experts in the field this book is a useful reference for the researchers and engineers working on the development and characterization of PET materials as well as on implementing them in real-world products. It can also be used as a standard reference for deeper insight in the mechanical, thermal, thermo-mechanical and visco-elastic aspects in product design decisions. - Provides a systematic overview on all types of poly(ethylene) terephthalate (PET) based blends, composites and nanocomposites - Informs about characterization, structure-property relationships and types of modifications - Links material properties to specific applications, enabling engineers to make the best material choice to increase product performance and cost efficiency, in industries ranging from aerospace to energy
Author: P.M. Visakh
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 0128012749
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 254
Get Book Here
Book Description
Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) is an industrially important material which is not treated specifically in any other book. Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Based Blends, Composites and Nanocomposites fills this gap and systematically guides the reader through all aspects of PET and its blends, composites and nanocomposites. It covers theoretical fundamentals, nanocomposites preparation, modification techniques, structure-property relationships, characterisation of the different blends and composites, and material choice for specific applications. Consisting of contributions from experts in the field this book is a useful reference for the researchers and engineers working on the development and characterization of PET materials as well as on implementing them in real-world products. It can also be used as a standard reference for deeper insight in the mechanical, thermal, thermo-mechanical and visco-elastic aspects in product design decisions. - Provides a systematic overview on all types of poly(ethylene) terephthalate (PET) based blends, composites and nanocomposites - Informs about characterization, structure-property relationships and types of modifications - Links material properties to specific applications, enabling engineers to make the best material choice to increase product performance and cost efficiency, in industries ranging from aerospace to energy
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Polymeric composites are any of the combinations or compositions that comprise two or more materials as separate phases, at least one of which is a polymer. By mixing a polymer with another material, such as glass, carbon, or another polymer, it is often possible to improve the desired properties of the polymer. In this study, ternary composites were prepared by using recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET as the matrix material, short glass fiber (SGF) as the reinforcing filler and thermoplastic elastomer as the impact modifier. Bottle grade recycled PET was mixed in a twin screw extruder with a thermoplastic elastomer which is a terpolymer of ethylene/methyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate (E-MA-GMA), and E type short glass fiber is fed to the extruder from a side feeder. During this study, recycled PET was mixed with from 10 to 50 wt. % elastomer, and SGF was added to the system in the range from 10 to 40 % by weight. Processing parameters were kept constant during extrusion. The composites were then compression molded for characterization experiments. The produced composites were characterized in terms of their mechanical and thermal properties and morphologies. Melt behavior and fiber length distribution of the composites were also determined for selected composites. In ternary systems with 10 % elastomer, highest tensile strength values were observed. High tensile and flexural moduli values were obtained for the composites containing 20 % elastomer. Results of impact tests designated that impact strength increased significantly after 30 % elastomer content. Thermal analyses of the composites were done by using a DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter). Degree of crystallinity of ternary system decreased with increasing elastomer content, but melting points of the composites were not affected significantly. SEM micrographs showed that the adhesion between the matrix and fiber increased considerably with elastomer addition.
Author: Visakh P. M.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118831306
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
The book focusses on the recent technical research accomplishments in the area of polyethylene-based blends, composites and nanocomposites by looking at the various aspects of processing, morphology, properties and applications. In particular, the book details the important developments in areas such as the structure-properties relationship of polyethylene; modification of polyethylene with radiation and ion implantation processes; stabilization of irradiated polyethylene by the introduction of antioxidants; reinforcement of polyethylene through carbon-based materials as additives; characterization of carbon-based polyethylenes composites, polyethylene-based blends with thermoplastic and thermoset; characterization of polyethylene-based thermoplastic and thermoset blends; polyethylene-based blends with natural rubber and synthetic rubber; characterization of polyethylene-based natural rubber and synthetic rubber blends; characterization of polyethylene-based composites.
Author: Pramendra K. Bajpai
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 352734599X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
Presents state-of-the-art processing techniques and readily applicable knowledge on processing of polymer composites The book presents the advancement in the field of reinforced polymer composites with emphasis on manufacturing techniques, including processing of different reinforced polymer composites, secondary processing of green composites, and post life cycle processing. It discusses the advantages and limitations of each processing method and the effect of processing parameters on the overall performance of the composites. Characterization and applications of reinforced polymer composites are also introduced. Reinforced Polymer Composites: Processing, Characterization and Post Life Cycle Assessment starts off by providing readers with a comprehensive overview of the field. It then introduces them to the fabrication of both short fiber/filler reinforced polymer composites and laminated reinforced polymer composites. Next, it takes them through the processing of polymer-based nanocomposites; the many advances in curing methods of reinforced polymer composites; and post life cycle processing, re-processing, and disposal mechanisms of reinforced polymer composites. Numerous other chapters cover: synthetic versus natural fiber reinforced plastics; characterization techniques of reinforced plastics; friction and wear analysis of reinforced plastics; secondary processing of reinforced plastics; and applications of reinforced plastics. -Presents the latest development in materials, processing, and characterization techniques, as well as applications of reinforced polymer composites -Guides users in choosing the best processing methods to produce polymer composites and successfully manufacture high quality products -Assists academics in sorting out basic research questions and helps those in industry manufacture products, such as marine, automotive, aerospace, and sport goods Reinforced Polymer Composites: Processing, Characterization and Post Life Cycle Assessment is an important book for materials scientists, polymer chemists, chemical engineers, process engineers, and anyone involved in the chemical or plastics technology industry.
Author: Pawan Kumar Rakesh
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 311076878X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
The applications of biocomposite materials are increasing in aerospace, automobile, and household items due to their biodegradable, renewable, non-corrosion, and high strength to weight ratio properties. The processing and characterization of biofiber-reinforced biocomposite materials are vital for their strength and performance. This book discusses the properties, chemical treatment, and compatibility of biofibers with materials.
Author: Jose James
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429891822
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 307
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Book Description
Recent years have witnessed the sheer growth of macromolecular concepts and nanotechnology-based innovations in polymer science. Processing and Characterization of Multicomponent Polymer Systems is a collection of contributions from materials science experts across the globe. The fabrication and characterization of polymeric systems are still important in the study of materials science, and the quality measurements of newly designed polymeric stuffs demand systematic and new characterization protocols. The volume highlights some of the latest innovations and principles of nanostructured polymeric materials and polymer nanocomposites. It is devoted to novel architectures at the nano-level with an emphasis on new synthesis and characterization methods. Organized into several sections, the chapters cover a selection of topics on: Biocomposites and nanocomposites Interpenetrating polymeric networks and nanostructured materials Theoretical protocols for polymers and clusters Special topics in polymer processing and polymer coating. This survey will be an important resource for those involved in the field of polymer materials design for advanced technologies, including scientists, engineers, and budding researchers working in the area of polymer science and nanotechnology.
Author: Aimé Sylvain Fotso Talla
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
An elaboration and characterization of the composites of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) reinforced with hemp fiber for thermoforming applications deal with significant challenges faced by the bio-composite industry vis-à-vis high temperature melting thermoplastics reinforced with vegetal fibers. The originality of this work includes processing such composite material while avoiding thermal degradation and using the resultant composite which is normally brittle for thermoforming, based on large deformations. Most of the previous works have only involved low temperature melting thermoplastics reinforced with natural fibers although high temperature melting thermoplastics have an important potential in numerous applications. During the past decades, the volume and types of natural fibers used as reinforcements for bio-composites applications have increased significantly. Such trend has been particularly observed in the group of vegetal fiber-reinforced composites, also known as ligno-cellulosic fiber-reinforced composites, which are found in construction, automobile, aerospace and bio-medicine to name a few. However, those applications are for the most part either made of polyolefin matrices or polymers whose highest melting points are close to 200°C. Despite its high melting point, Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), similar to other polyesters and highly polar matrices, shows good affinity for reinforcement by ligno-cellulosic or vegetal fibers such as hemp. This work aimed at achieving a dual objective: First to extend the elaboration of ligno-cellulosic fiber-reinforced composite materials to the range of higher temperature melting thermoplastics (Tm>200°C) and secondly to study the thermoformability of the processed PET-hemp fiber composites in order to determine the optimal formulation for thermoforming, as well as its optimal conditions. In the plastic industry, the thermoforming process is essentially based on heating extruded sheets to a temperature between the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the melting point, where large deformations occur. Both objectives are quite challenging: For the first objective, there is a risk of hemp fiber degradation due to the temperature gap between the melting point of PET (Tm~250°C) and the onset of thermal degradation of vegetal fibers (Td~190 ̊C) and concerning the second objective, thermoforming requires large deformations although bio-composites are generally brittle. The mentioned challenges were strategically overcome by modifying both the matrix and the fibers. Furthermore, five formulations with 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20% (w/w) fiber concentrations were investigated for their mechanical, thermal, structural and rheological properties; the best formulation was selected for numerical thermoforming. The fibers were modified by alkaline treatment to increase their thermal stability, while PET's melting point was depressed by a ten of degree by compounding with polycaprolactone (PCL) using a torque based mixer. The numerical thermoforming was finally performed by an optimized application of the ThermoForm© code to the previously determined composite parameters. The following major observations were made in different sections of this research. The mechanical properties of PET-hemp fiber composites showed similar variations with those of other natural fiber reinforced composite materials reported in the literature. •In the presence of the applicable additives such as pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and clay, the elastic modulus of PET-5% (w/w) PCL-Additives increased by 10 to 20% with respect to the unreinforced formulation and 2 to 10% with respect to the reinforced formulation without additives. However, all the formulations were significantly brittle and their strain at break decreased from over 40 to about 4%. Their maximum force was also lowered by up to 4% with respect to virgin PET. •In the absence of additives, the elastic modulus and the maximum force of PET-5% (w/w) PCL-5% (w/w) - (1, 5, 10, 15 and 20% (w/w)) hemp fibers increased logarithmically with the fiber concentration, while the strain at break dropped below 5%. An improved interface quality without additives is an indication of the possible hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl groups of PET and the hydroxyl groups of hemp fibers. The remaining investigation was then performed without additives. All the composite formulations proved to be thermally stable until 315°C as an indication for their ability to undergo multistage processing. Two thermo-degradation ranges were observed from 290 to 385°C and from 385 to 490°C respectively. They were respectively described by the Sestak-Berggren and the truncated Sestak-Berggren models. Similar observations were made for the formulations compounded with the mixing chamber heated at 240, 250 and 250°C. Consequently, the numerical thermoforming process was restricted to the group compounded at 250°C. The rheological properties fitted with the ThermoForm® code indicated the suitability of the Christensen model to describe the visco-elastic behavior of the investigated composite formulations. The numerical variations of various forming parameters indicated a partition of the formulations into two groups reinforced by 0, 1 and 5% (w/w) for the first, and 10 and 15% (w/w) for the second. The first group was better suited for both the free forming and the thermoforming process. However, a more powerful air flow is needed for forming of PET -1% (w/w) hemp, leaving PET-5% (w/w) hemp as the best thermoformable alternative with respect to the process cost and in-service performance. The second group showed a relatively poor performance which can be attributed to the fiber's partial thermo-degradation resulting from processing larger fiber volume with respect to the limited available matrix. Although PET-hemp fiber composites have been successfully formulated and their behavior towards the thermoforming process numerically investigated, a fine tuning of the processing conditions will be the object of future work alongside the valorization of higher fiber loads through targeted applications requiring woven reinforcements. L'élaboration et la caractérisation des composites de polyéthylène téréphtalate (PET) renforcés de fibres de chanvre pour des applications en thermoformage adresse des défis majeurs auxquels est confrontée l'industrie des bio-composites concernant le renforcement des polymères ayant des hauts points de fusion avec des fibres d'origine végétale. La contribution originale de ce travail a un impact significatif sur l'industrie des plastiques. En outre il concerne le renforcement d'un polymère thermoplastique ayant un point de fusion élevé avec des fibres naturelles tout en évitant la thermo-dégradation, et procède à la mise en forme du produit qui est normalement cassant, par le thermoformage basé sur les grandes déformations. Durant les dernières décennies, on a assisté à une augmentation significative du volume et des types de fibre naturelle comme renforts des bio-composites utilisés dans divers secteurs d'activité. L'on retrouve les composites dont les renforts sont des fibres naturelles, encore appelés bio-composites dans divers domaines à l'exemple de la construction, la biomédecine, l'aérospatial, et l'automobile; cependant ces applications sont pour la plupart soit restreints aux matrices de type polyoléfine ou des polymères dont le point de fusion maximal est proche de 200°C. Le PET, tout comme d'autres matrices de type polyester ou de grande polarité ayant des hauts points de fusion, présente une plus haute affinité de renfort avec des fibres lignocellulosiques ou fibres naturelles à l'exemple des fibres de chanvre. Ce travail vise deux objectifs principaux, à savoir étendre l'élaboration des matériaux bio-composites au groupe de matrices qui fondent à haute température (Tm>200°C), ensuite faire une mise en œuvre des applications de ce type de composite par thermoformage. Le thermoformage des plastiques-composites est un procédé de mise en forme basé essentiellement sur le chauffage des feuilles extrudées entre le point de transition vitreuse (Tg) et le point de fusion, suivi d'une grande déformation.
Author: Cornelia Vasile
Publisher: iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN: 9781859574935
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
This practical guide begins with general background to the polyethylene family, with price, production and market share information. It describes the basic types of polyethylene including virgin and filled polyethylene, copolymers, block and graft polymers and composites, and reviews the types of additives used in polyethylene. It gives the low down on the properties, including, amongst others, rheological, mechanical, chemical, thermal, and electrical properties. It goes on to describe the processing issues and conditions for the wide range of techniques used for polyethylene, and also considers post-processing and assembly issues. It offers guidance on product design and development issues, including materials selection. It is an indispensable resource for everyone working with this material.
Author: Thomas E. Twardowski
Publisher: DEStech Publications, Inc
ISBN: 1932078541
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 605
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Book Description
The field of nanocomposites is growing by leaps and bounds. a few of the recent commericial applications include sport utility vehicles, furniture, and appliances. Fields interested in reaping the material property advantages of nanocomposites range from agriculture to space science. Many materials, natural and synthetic, capitalize on the behavior of nanoscopic size scales, sometimes by design and sometimes not. The goal of this textbook is to provide a solid foundation for understanding, and beginning to answer, the questions posed by nanocomposites.
Author: Anish Khan
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119641799
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
Explore the world of biocomposites with this one-stop resource edited by four international leaders in the field Bio-based Composites: Characterization, Properties, and Applications delivers a comprehensive treatment of all known characterization methods, properties, and industry applications of bio-based composites materials. This unique, one-stop resource covers all major developments in the field from the last decade of research into this environmentally beneficial area. The internationally recognized editors have selected resources that represent advances in the mechanical, thermal, tribological, and water sorption properties of bio-based composites, and cover new areas of research in physico-chemical analysis, flame retardancy, failure mechanisms, lifecycle assessment, and modeling of bio-based composites. The low weight, low cost, excellent thermal recyclability, and biodegradability of bio-based composites make them ideal candidates to replace engineered plastic products derived from fossil fuel. This book provides its readers with the knowledge they’ll require to understand a new class of materials increasingly being used in the automotive and packaging industries, aerospace, the military, and construction. It also includes: An extended discussion of the environmental impact of bio-based composites using a lice cycle methodology A review of forecasts of natural fiber reinforced polymeric composites and its degradability concerns An analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of a bio-based composite with sisal powder A comprehensive treatment of the mechanical, thermal, tribological, and dielectric properties of bio-based composites A review of processing methods for the manufacture of bio-based composites Perfect for materials scientists in private industry, government laboratories, or engaged in academic research, Bio-Based Composites will also earn a place in the libraries of industrial and manufacturing engineers who seek a better understanding of the beneficial industrial applications of biocomposites in industries ranging from automobiles to packaging.
