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Author: Marissa N. Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 81
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Book Description
This dissertation focuses on developing frameworks and supporting evidence for the prioritization of chemicals found in children's consumer products. Toxic chemicals found in children's consumer products can impact child health and development. In response to these concerns, Washington and other states have enacted laws requiring manufacturers to report the presence of toxic chemicals in children's consumer products. These laws have generated extensive data on the types of chemicals children might be exposed to in consumer products and can be useful sources of data for prioritizing chemicals for future action. This dissertation uses data from required reporting laws to generate a prioritization framework, characterize the accuracy of required reporting laws and hypothesize about the safety of alternatives to toxic chemicals. The first objective is to integrate the concentration of potentially hazardous chemicals found in children0́9s products with exposure and toxicity data to develop a framework for prioritizing chemicals for future research and regulatory actions. We found that chemicals with high toxicity that are found in children's products with high potential for exposure, such as some phthalates, were among the highest priority chemicals. The second objective compares the concentrations of chemicals in children's products reported by manufacturers with independent assessments. We found that concentrations of toxic chemicals were generally higher in manufacturer reports than in measurements by the state. This may seem surprising, but actually reflects the structure of the regulation which disincentives underreporting but is silent on overreporting. The final objective looks to the future by assessing the safety of alternative chemicals found in children's products by determining toxicities of both chemicals and alternatives using authoritative lists, in vivo data and in vitro data. Alternative chemicals were less likely to be considered endocrine disruptors by authoritative lists, however in vitro data revealed biological responses similar to the chemicals they are replacing. This suggests that in some cases, alternatives may not be safer, just less well characterized. Taken together, the objectives of this dissertation demonstrate the utility and importance of required reporting frameworks and point to modifications that can enhance reporting accuracy.
Author: Marissa N. Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 81
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Book Description
This dissertation focuses on developing frameworks and supporting evidence for the prioritization of chemicals found in children's consumer products. Toxic chemicals found in children's consumer products can impact child health and development. In response to these concerns, Washington and other states have enacted laws requiring manufacturers to report the presence of toxic chemicals in children's consumer products. These laws have generated extensive data on the types of chemicals children might be exposed to in consumer products and can be useful sources of data for prioritizing chemicals for future action. This dissertation uses data from required reporting laws to generate a prioritization framework, characterize the accuracy of required reporting laws and hypothesize about the safety of alternatives to toxic chemicals. The first objective is to integrate the concentration of potentially hazardous chemicals found in children0́9s products with exposure and toxicity data to develop a framework for prioritizing chemicals for future research and regulatory actions. We found that chemicals with high toxicity that are found in children's products with high potential for exposure, such as some phthalates, were among the highest priority chemicals. The second objective compares the concentrations of chemicals in children's products reported by manufacturers with independent assessments. We found that concentrations of toxic chemicals were generally higher in manufacturer reports than in measurements by the state. This may seem surprising, but actually reflects the structure of the regulation which disincentives underreporting but is silent on overreporting. The final objective looks to the future by assessing the safety of alternative chemicals found in children's products by determining toxicities of both chemicals and alternatives using authoritative lists, in vivo data and in vitro data. Alternative chemicals were less likely to be considered endocrine disruptors by authoritative lists, however in vitro data revealed biological responses similar to the chemicals they are replacing. This suggests that in some cases, alternatives may not be safer, just less well characterized. Taken together, the objectives of this dissertation demonstrate the utility and importance of required reporting frameworks and point to modifications that can enhance reporting accuracy.
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade, and Consumer Protection
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemicals
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
Author: Eula Bingham
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470410817
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 5872
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Book Description
Featuring the improved format used in the 5th edition, this updated set presents, in logical groupings, comprehensive toxicological data for industrial compounds, including CAS numbers, physical and chemical properties, exposure limits, and biological tolerance values for occupational exposures, making it essential for toxicologists and industrial hygienists. This edition has about 40% new authors who have brought a new and international perspective to interpreting industrial toxicology, and discusses new subjects such as nanotechnology, flavorings and the food industry, reactive chemical control to comprehensive chemical policy, metalworking fluids, and pharmaceuticals.
Author: Philip J. Landrigan
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190662654
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
More than 80,000 new chemicals have been developed and released into the global environment during the last four decades. Today the World Health Organization attributes more than one-third of all childhood deaths to environmental causes, and as rates of childhood disease skyrocket -- autism, asthma, ADHD, obesity, diabetes, and even birth defects -- it raises serious, difficult questions around how the chemical environment is impacting children's health. Children and Environmental Toxins: What Everyone Needs to Know® offers an accessible guide to understanding and identifying the potential sources of harm in a child's environment. Written by experts in pediatrics and environmental health and formatted in an easy to follow question-and-answer format, it offers parents, care providers, and activists a reliable introduction to a hotly debated topic. As the burdens of environmental toxins and disease continue to defy borders, this book provides a new benchmark to understanding the potential threats in our environment and food. No parent or care provider should be without it.
Author: Marian Keeler
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111888227X
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
The Fully Updated, Indispensible Study of Sustainable Design Principles Fundamentals of Integrated Design for Sustainable Building is the first textbook to merge principles, theory, and practice into an integrated workflow. This book introduces the technologies and processes of sustainable design and shows how to incorporate sustainable concepts at every design stage. This comprehensive primer takes an active learning approach that keeps students engaged. This book dispenses essential information from practicing industry specialists to provide a comprehensive introduction to the future of design. This new second edition includes: Expansive knowledge—from history and philosophy to technology and practice Fully updated international codes, like the CAL code, and current legislations Up-to-date global practices, such as the tools used for Life-Cycle Assessment Thorough coverage of critical issues such as climate change, resiliency, health, and net zero energy building Extensive design problems, research exercise, study questions, team projects, and discussion questions that get students truly involved with the material Sustainable design is a responsible, forward-thinking method for building the best structure possible in the most efficient way. Conventional resources are depleting and building professionals are thinking farther ahead. This means that sustainable design will eventually be the new standard and everyone in the field must be familiar with the concepts to stay relevant. Fundamentals of Integrated Design for Sustainable Building is the ideal primer, with complete coverage of the most up to date information.
Author:
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527695273
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
Volume 11 of the Handbook of Green Chemistry series identifies, explains and expands on green chemistry and engineering metrics, describing how the two work together, backed by numerous practical applications. Up-to-date and authoritative, this ready reference covers the development and application of sustainable chemistry along with engineering metrics in both academia and industry, providing the latest information on fundamental aspects of metrics, practical realizations and example case studies. Additionally, it outlines how metrics have been used to facilitate developments in sustainable and green chemistry. The different concepts of and approaches to metrics are applied to fundamental problems in chemistry and the focus is firmly placed on their use to promote the development and implementation of more sustainable and green chemistry and technology in the production of chemicals and related products. Starting with molecular design, followed by chemical route evaluation, chemical process metrics and product assessment, by the end readers will have a complete set of metrics to choose from as they move a chemical conception to final product. Of high interest to academics and chemists working in industry.
Author: United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Administrative agencies
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
Author: U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Directorate for Health Sciences. Chemical Hazards Program
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Accidental poisoning in children
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Katherine Iritani
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 9780756703233
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Book Description
Over the past decade, advances in laboratory technology have provided new tools for measuring a broad range of chemicals in human tissues -- tools that can help researchers & health officials assess how much of a chemical has been absorbed in the body & provide more accurate measure. of exposure to relate to potential health risks. This report reviews efforts to collect & use such information at both the state & Federal levels. It: determines the extent to which state & Federal agencies -- in particular, HHS & EPA -- collect human exposure data on potentially harmful chemicals, including data to identify at-risk populations; & identifies the barriers hindering further progress in such efforts.
Author: Nancy Lilienthal
Publisher: Inform
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Contains information on 253 organizations in the US and abroad that are examining or seeking to prevent or alleviate problems related to toxic chemicals in products. These organizations include government agencies, public interest groups, academic institutions, and industry and professional associations working at a state, national, or international level. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.
