Primary Schooling, Student Learning, and School Quality in Rural Bangladesh PDF Download
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Author: M. Niaz Asadullah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Using a primary school curricular standard basic mathematics competence test, this paper documents the low level of student achievement amongst 10-18 year old rural children in Bangladesh and tests the extent to which years spent in school increases learning. Our sample includes children currently enrolled in school as well as those out of school. About half of the children failed to pass the written competence test, a finding that also holds for those completing primary schooling. Even after holding constant a wide range of factors such as household income, parental characteristics, current enrollment status, and a direct measure of child ability, there remains a statistically significant correlation between schooling attained and basic mathematics competence above and beyond primary school completion. This pattern is more pronounced for girls who have lower competence compared to boys despite higher grade completion. We further show that the schooling-learning gradient and the gender gap therein are not explained by common differences in family background. Aggregate institutional indicators of school quality matters for overall learning outcomes, however, does not mitigate against the gender gap. These findings have wide implications for anti-poverty policies that emphasize on quantitative expansion of education in developing countries, without concurrent improvements in learning.
Author: M. Niaz Asadullah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Using a primary school curricular standard basic mathematics competence test, this paper documents the low level of student achievement amongst 10-18 year old rural children in Bangladesh and tests the extent to which years spent in school increases learning. Our sample includes children currently enrolled in school as well as those out of school. About half of the children failed to pass the written competence test, a finding that also holds for those completing primary schooling. Even after holding constant a wide range of factors such as household income, parental characteristics, current enrollment status, and a direct measure of child ability, there remains a statistically significant correlation between schooling attained and basic mathematics competence above and beyond primary school completion. This pattern is more pronounced for girls who have lower competence compared to boys despite higher grade completion. We further show that the schooling-learning gradient and the gender gap therein are not explained by common differences in family background. Aggregate institutional indicators of school quality matters for overall learning outcomes, however, does not mitigate against the gender gap. These findings have wide implications for anti-poverty policies that emphasize on quantitative expansion of education in developing countries, without concurrent improvements in learning.
Author: MD Shafiqul Alam
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
ISBN: 9781361271971
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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This dissertation, "Quality of Primary Education: Family and Community Factors in Rural Bangladesh" by Md Shafiqul, Alam, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Literature suggests that the quality of education has diverse meanings in different contexts. This research aims to discover the perceptions of teachers and parents regarding the quality of primary education in rural Bangladesh. Family and community have important roles to play in child education. This research has also identified family and community factors that affect education quality. The research uses case studies (ethnographic in characteristic) and survey methods. Qualitative data were captured by semi-structured interviews and participant observations. Informants were teachers and parents. Data analysis was done by a process which was borrowed and adapted from the grounded theory approach. Data interpretation was underpinned by concepts derived from human capital and social capital theories. In the quantitative study, data were collected by questionnaire surveys among teachers and parents. The quantitative research findings complement the qualitative findings. The research findings unveiled three dimensions of education quality as perceived by teachers and parents: (a) the acquisition of good results and awarded scholarships, (b) the acquirement of skills, and (c) the development of values and attitudes. Here, (a) and (b) could belong to human capital concepts, and (c) may refer to social capital. The perceptions of teachers and parents are similar. Nonetheless, teachers pay more attention to children's performance, whereas parents emphasize on their well-being. According to teacher and parent perceptions, the research suggests seven family factors affecting education quality: parental involvement in schools, family involvement in the children's education at home, family structure, educational status, economic status, parental awareness and concern, parental commitment and family environment. The research reveals that the notion of "rural family roles" would be along the lines of a "co-institution of the school," by means of the parents and family getting involved in the children's education both at school and at home. In terms of the community factors, six factors that affect the quality of education, as perceived by teachers are: community involvement in the school, relationship between the community and school, community support and cooperation, values, willingness to become involved in the schools, its economic status and environment. Regarding the perceptions of the parents, the research identified five factors: financial position and environment, educational status, communication and support given to schools, community child care, as well as unity and cooperation among community people. The research also suggests that the notion of "rural community roles" would tend to be thought of as "doing something for the children." There is also an ecological balance in the relations between the community and school. The research suggests that the human capital and social capital of the family, community and children reinforce each other in a reproductive loop. That means the human and social capital of family and community play a role in the creation of the human and social capitals of the children (quality education), and vice-versa. These observations on education quality add a new horizon to the knowledge base of primary education, and one that may contribute to policy-making and facilitate further research.
Author: Shahidur R. Khandker
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821335932
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Two of the largest World Bank investment projects in Bangladesh are the general education project and the female secondary scholarship and assistance project. This paper evaluates the expected results of these educational projects using the household and school survey data recently collected in rural Bangladesh. Bangladesh spends only 2 percent of its GNP on education, compared to 3.2 percent in an average low-income country and 6 percent in an average high-income country. Low investment in education results in low literacy (only 35 percent), which in turn results in low productivity, low incomes, poor health, and, above all, high population growth. To counter these trends, Bangladesh has invested substantially in the education sector in recent years, with the help of the World Bank and other donor agencies. The objective of this investment has been to improve both the quality and quantity of education, especially among the female population. The general education and female secondary school assistance projects are, in particular, geared to promote better access to primary and secondary education, as well as higher school participation and educational attainment. Based on the rural household and school survey data on both supply and demand factors, this report concludes that school interventions such as more and better schools, better trained and educated teachers, more female teachers, and better water and sanitation facilities in schools promote literacy and improve school participation and school attainment rates. Independent of school-level interventions, complementary investments in village infrastructure (roads and electricity) also have beneficial effects on educational outcomes. The effects of all these interventions are more pronounced for girls than for boys. Contains 28 data tables and figures. (Author/TD)
Author: Jishnu Das
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Academic achievement
Languages : en
Pages : 47
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Abstract: The authors report on a survey of primary public and private schools in rural Pakistan with a focus on student achievement as measured through test scores. Absolute learning is low compared with curricular standards and international norms. Tested at the end of the third grade, a bare majority had mastered the K-I mathematics curriculum and 31 percent could correctly form a sentence with the word "school" in the vernacular (Urdu). As in high-income countries, bivariate comparisons show that higher learning is associated with household wealth and parental literacy. In sharp contrast to high-income countries, these gaps decrease dramatically in a multivariate regression once differences between children in the same school are looked at. Consequently, the largest gaps are between schools. The gap in English test scores between government and private schools, for instance, is 12 times the gap between children from rich and poor families. To contextualize these results within a broader South Asian context, the authors use data from public schools in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. Levels of learning and the structure of the educational gaps are similar in the two samples. As in Pakistan, absolute learning is low and the largest gaps are between schools: the gap between good and bad government schools, for instance, is 5 times the gap between children with literate and illiterate mothers.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education and state
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Author: A. M. Raza Chowdhury
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : bn
Pages : 178
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Author: Lant Pritchett
Publisher: CGD Books
ISBN: 1933286776
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Despite great progress around the world in getting more kids into schools, too many leave without even the most basic skills. In India’s rural Andhra Pradesh, for instance, only about one in twenty children in fifth grade can perform basic arithmetic. The problem is that schooling is not the same as learning. In The Rebirth of Education, Lant Pritchett uses two metaphors from nature to explain why. The first draws on Ori Brafman and Rod Beckstrom’s book about the difference between centralized and decentralized organizations, The Starfish and the Spider. Schools systems tend be centralized and suffer from the limitations inherent in top-down designs. The second metaphor is the concept of isomorphic mimicry. Pritchett argues that many developing countries superficially imitate systems that were successful in other nations— much as a nonpoisonous snake mimics the look of a poisonous one. Pritchett argues that the solution is to allow functional systems to evolve locally out of an environment pressured for success. Such an ecosystem needs to be open to variety and experimentation, locally operated, and flexibly financed. The only main cost is ceding control; the reward would be the rebirth of education suited for today’s world.
Author: A. M. Raza Chowdhury
Publisher: University Press Limited
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Author: Md Jahangir Alam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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The curriculum is an essential and integral part of the education system for lifelong learning and better children's outcomes. The sum of experience throughout their schooling journey can be defined as an educational curriculum expressed in a much broader sense. The school's type of school, study materials used, teaching methods, available school facilities, and the qualifications of schoolteachers provided at the end of primary schooling often diverge with different educational curricula due to the government policy dilemma. There is no unified primary education curriculum in Bangladesh's case. More than three mainstream educational curricula can be founded, each with its own unique set of traits, benefits, and shortcomings. This chapter explores what factors affect a school's choice, which is linked with the educational curriculum being offered, and how it affects the student's quality of education. This chapter also explores gamification theory's implementation to ensure quality primary education in Bangladesh.
Author: Abul Khair Jalaluddin
Publisher: University Press Limited
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 728
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