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Author: Jennifer Helen Haydock
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Consumer behavior
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Jennifer Helen Haydock
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Consumer behavior
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Monique Goyens
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Consumer education
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Author: Christopher Whaley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 105
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Book Description
Non-transparent information about prices is a key piece of many economic models. George Stigler's seminal work first formulated how 'search costs' lead to price dispersion in provider prices. For several decades, refining the relationship between search costs and prices was a key component of the economics literature. With growth of the internet, consumer information about prices has increased substantially. The growth of online retailers has led to substantial decreases in search costs by providing an easy mechanism to compare prices. Recent technologies have expanded the internet's search-cost reducing powers to the healthcare sector. Compared to other markets, healthcare prices exhibit an enormous amount of price variation and have traditionally been among the most non-transparent of any market. The lack of meaningful price transparency has traditionally made price shopping for healthcare services nearly impossible. As consumer cost-sharing increases, led by the growth in high-deductible health plans, there is a strong imperative to provide the tools necessary for consumers to shop for care. Without accurate price information, increases in consumer cost-sharing will simply shift expenses from employers and insurers to consumers. While the hope is that 'price transparency' information will encourage consumers to shop for care, little is known about how consumers actually use price information. The first chapter of this dissertation uses detailed data from a leading online price transparency firm to examine the consumer effects of price transparency. Large price effects are found for commodity-like services as consumers shift demand from expensive to less-expensive providers. For physician office visits, which entail a more personal relationship, the largest effects are for non-price information, such as provider gender and length of practice. Even less is known about how providers will respond to consumers using price transparency information to shop for care. Healthcare providers have not traditionally had to account for consumers making decisions based on price and have simply negotiated prices with insures. With the growth of consumer cost-sharing and price transparency, this paradigm will undoubtedly change. The second chapter uses the same data to estimate an initial look at how providers respond to consumer price transparency. Following the consumer analysis, large effects are found for non-differentiated products. Consistent with Stigler's observations, reducing consumer search costs leads to both reductions in consumer prices and the prices that providers charge. The third chapter of this dissertation examines a similar topic as the second, how providers respond to increases in consumer-cost sharing. This chapter leverages the implementation of a Reference-Based Benefit (RBB) design by the California Public Employees Retirement System (CalPERS) that capped reimbursements for certain procedures. Previous work has documented large consumer effects to the RBB program but how providers respond has not been studied in detail. The results show large price reductions by providers who have the largest exposure to the CalPERS population. As a means to reduce the growth in healthcare spending, employers and insurers have implemented innovative benefit designs and technologies. These changes are largely driven by the recognition that the current healthcare ecosystem has evolved into a market with substantial price variation and no link between price and quality. Consumer cost-sharing and price transparency provide both the incentive and the means to steer patients away from high-cost providers. As these innovations have their desired effects, this dissertation shows how providers respond accordingly. These tandem consumer and provider responses to price transparency and target cost-sharing result in general equilibrium effects that lead to less expensive healthcare and a more efficient healthcare market.
Author: International Labour Office
Publisher: International Labour Organization
ISBN: 9789221136996
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 578
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The consumer price index (CPI) measures the rate at which prices of consumer goods and services change over time. It is used as a key indicator of economic performance, as well as in the setting of monetary and socio-economic policy such as indexation of wages and social security benefits, purchasing power parities and inflation measures. This manual contains methodological guidelines for statistical offices and other agencies responsible for constructing and calculating CPIs, and also examines underlying economic and statistical concepts involved. Topics covered include: expenditure weights, sampling, price collection, quality adjustment, sampling, price indices calculations, errors and bias, organisation and management, dissemination, index number theory, durables and user costs.
Author: Alex Maurizi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Author: United States. Federal Trade Commission
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Consumer education
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
Author: Katharine G. Abraham
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022680125X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 502
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Book Description
Introduction.Big data for twenty-first-century economic statistics: the future is now /Katharine G. Abraham, Ron S. Jarmin, Brian C. Moyer, and Matthew D. Shapiro --Toward comprehensive use of big data in economic statistics.Reengineering key national economic indicators /Gabriel Ehrlich, John Haltiwanger, Ron S. Jarmin, David Johnson, and Matthew D. Shapiro ;Big data in the US consumer price index: experiences and plans /Crystal G. Konny, Brendan K. Williams, and David M. Friedman ;Improving retail trade data products using alternative data sources /Rebecca J. Hutchinson ;From transaction data to economic statistics: constructing real-time, high-frequency, geographic measures of consumer spending /Aditya Aladangady, Shifrah Aron-Dine, Wendy Dunn, Laura Feiveson, Paul Lengermann, and Claudia Sahm ;Improving the accuracy of economic measurement with multiple data sources: the case of payroll employment data /Tomaz Cajner, Leland D. Crane, Ryan A. Decker, Adrian Hamins-Puertolas, and Christopher Kurz --Uses of big data for classification.Transforming naturally occurring text data into economic statistics: the case of online job vacancy postings /Arthur Turrell, Bradley Speigner, Jyldyz Djumalieva, David Copple, and James Thurgood ;Automating response evaluation for franchising questions on the 2017 economic census /Joseph Staudt, Yifang Wei, Lisa Singh, Shawn Klimek, J. Bradford Jensen, and Andrew Baer ;Using public data to generate industrial classification codes /John Cuffe, Sudip Bhattacharjee, Ugochukwu Etudo, Justin C. Smith, Nevada Basdeo, Nathaniel Burbank, and Shawn R. Roberts --Uses of big data for sectoral measurement.Nowcasting the local economy: using Yelp data to measure economic activity /Edward L. Glaeser, Hyunjin Kim, and Michael Luca ;Unit values for import and export price indexes: a proof of concept /Don A. Fast and Susan E. Fleck ;Quantifying productivity growth in the delivery of important episodes of care within the Medicare program using insurance claims and administrative data /John A. Romley, Abe Dunn, Dana Goldman, and Neeraj Sood ;Valuing housing services in the era of big data: a user cost approach leveraging Zillow microdata /Marina Gindelsky, Jeremy G. Moulton, and Scott A. Wentland --Methodological challenges and advances.Off to the races: a comparison of machine learning and alternative data for predicting economic indicators /Jeffrey C. Chen, Abe Dunn, Kyle Hood, Alexander Driessen, and Andrea Batch ;A machine learning analysis of seasonal and cyclical sales in weekly scanner data /Rishab Guha and Serena Ng ;Estimating the benefits of new products /W. Erwin Diewert and Robert C. Feenstra.
Author: David A. Reiffen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Consumers' preferences
Languages : en
Pages : 33
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Author: Jacob Jacoby
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Consumers
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Author: U.s. Government Accountability Office
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781974558179
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
"In recent years, consumers havebecome responsible for a growingproportion of the costs of their healthcare. Health care price information thatis transparent-available beforeconsumers receive care-may helpconsumers anticipate these costs.Research identifies meaningful typesof health care price information, suchas estimates of what the complete costwill be to the consumer for a service.GAO defines an estimate of aconsumer's complete health care costas price information on a service thatidentifies a consumer's out-of-pocketcost, including any negotiateddiscounts, and all costs associatedwith a service or services. GAOexamined (1) how various factorsaffect the availability of health careprice information for consumers and(2) the information selected public andprivate health care price transparencyinitiatives make available toconsumers. To do this work, GAOreviewed price transparency literature;interviewed experts; and examined atotal of eight selected federal, state,and private insurance company healthcare price transparency initiatives. Inaddition, GAO anonymously contactedproviders and requested the price ofselected services to gain a consumer'sperspective. "
