Author: Robert M. McCarron
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN: 1585625469
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 484
Book Description
Preventive Medical Care in Psychiatry: A Practical Guide for Clinicians was written for psychiatrists in training and in clinical practice, as well as other health care providers who wish to learn an evidence-based and user-friendly approach to prevent commonly encountered, treatable, and potentially deadly illnesses in their patients. The poor health and early mortality of people with serious mental illnesses has been well documented: People who have serious mental illness have increased general medical comorbid conditions, receive minimal preventive medical services, and have a reduced life span of as much as thirty years when compared to the general population. In addition, there is now extensive data showing bidirectional interactions between chronic medical illnesses and mental disorders. Clearly, treating the whole person, instead of the disorder in isolation, is critical to improving outcomes and reducing suffering. The book's logical structure makes it easy to use, with sections devoted to general principles of preventive psychiatry, cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders, endocrine and metabolic disorders, infections disorders, and oncologic disorders. In addition, the volume: Provides evidence-based approaches to care across the prevention spectrum, from primary prevention (how to keep people healthy), to secondary prevention (how to detect early signs of common illnesses), through tertiary prevention (how to prevent disability and adverse outcomes once patients develop medical problems). Informs clinicians about how to more effectively interface with general medical practitioners, and instructs them in providing screening for common medical problems, as well as ensuring that preventive measures, such as vaccinations, are performed. Covers, in a section addressing "special topics," child, adolescent, and geriatric populations, as well as strategies for assessing and managing chronic pain. Concludes with an appendix that features a health questionnaire, Preventive Medicine in Psychiatry (PMAP), for use in screening and follow-up, and a handy summary of age based preventive medicine recommendations, references to which clinicians will return repeatedly. The Affordable Care Act has provided mental health practitioners with new opportunities to develop integrated models of care that better serve patients and populations, furthering the existing trend of treating the whole patient. Preventive Medical Care in Psychiatry: A Practical Guide for Clinicians is a critical resource which will prove indispensable to clinicians dedicated to improving the quality of life and longevity for patients who suffer from serious mental illness. Twenty-five percent of royalties help support Resident-Fellow Members (RFM) within the California Psychiatric Association.
Preventive Medical Care in Psychiatry
Author: Robert M. McCarron
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN: 1585625469
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 484
Book Description
Preventive Medical Care in Psychiatry: A Practical Guide for Clinicians was written for psychiatrists in training and in clinical practice, as well as other health care providers who wish to learn an evidence-based and user-friendly approach to prevent commonly encountered, treatable, and potentially deadly illnesses in their patients. The poor health and early mortality of people with serious mental illnesses has been well documented: People who have serious mental illness have increased general medical comorbid conditions, receive minimal preventive medical services, and have a reduced life span of as much as thirty years when compared to the general population. In addition, there is now extensive data showing bidirectional interactions between chronic medical illnesses and mental disorders. Clearly, treating the whole person, instead of the disorder in isolation, is critical to improving outcomes and reducing suffering. The book's logical structure makes it easy to use, with sections devoted to general principles of preventive psychiatry, cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders, endocrine and metabolic disorders, infections disorders, and oncologic disorders. In addition, the volume: Provides evidence-based approaches to care across the prevention spectrum, from primary prevention (how to keep people healthy), to secondary prevention (how to detect early signs of common illnesses), through tertiary prevention (how to prevent disability and adverse outcomes once patients develop medical problems). Informs clinicians about how to more effectively interface with general medical practitioners, and instructs them in providing screening for common medical problems, as well as ensuring that preventive measures, such as vaccinations, are performed. Covers, in a section addressing "special topics," child, adolescent, and geriatric populations, as well as strategies for assessing and managing chronic pain. Concludes with an appendix that features a health questionnaire, Preventive Medicine in Psychiatry (PMAP), for use in screening and follow-up, and a handy summary of age based preventive medicine recommendations, references to which clinicians will return repeatedly. The Affordable Care Act has provided mental health practitioners with new opportunities to develop integrated models of care that better serve patients and populations, furthering the existing trend of treating the whole patient. Preventive Medical Care in Psychiatry: A Practical Guide for Clinicians is a critical resource which will prove indispensable to clinicians dedicated to improving the quality of life and longevity for patients who suffer from serious mental illness. Twenty-five percent of royalties help support Resident-Fellow Members (RFM) within the California Psychiatric Association.
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN: 1585625469
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 484
Book Description
Preventive Medical Care in Psychiatry: A Practical Guide for Clinicians was written for psychiatrists in training and in clinical practice, as well as other health care providers who wish to learn an evidence-based and user-friendly approach to prevent commonly encountered, treatable, and potentially deadly illnesses in their patients. The poor health and early mortality of people with serious mental illnesses has been well documented: People who have serious mental illness have increased general medical comorbid conditions, receive minimal preventive medical services, and have a reduced life span of as much as thirty years when compared to the general population. In addition, there is now extensive data showing bidirectional interactions between chronic medical illnesses and mental disorders. Clearly, treating the whole person, instead of the disorder in isolation, is critical to improving outcomes and reducing suffering. The book's logical structure makes it easy to use, with sections devoted to general principles of preventive psychiatry, cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders, endocrine and metabolic disorders, infections disorders, and oncologic disorders. In addition, the volume: Provides evidence-based approaches to care across the prevention spectrum, from primary prevention (how to keep people healthy), to secondary prevention (how to detect early signs of common illnesses), through tertiary prevention (how to prevent disability and adverse outcomes once patients develop medical problems). Informs clinicians about how to more effectively interface with general medical practitioners, and instructs them in providing screening for common medical problems, as well as ensuring that preventive measures, such as vaccinations, are performed. Covers, in a section addressing "special topics," child, adolescent, and geriatric populations, as well as strategies for assessing and managing chronic pain. Concludes with an appendix that features a health questionnaire, Preventive Medicine in Psychiatry (PMAP), for use in screening and follow-up, and a handy summary of age based preventive medicine recommendations, references to which clinicians will return repeatedly. The Affordable Care Act has provided mental health practitioners with new opportunities to develop integrated models of care that better serve patients and populations, furthering the existing trend of treating the whole patient. Preventive Medical Care in Psychiatry: A Practical Guide for Clinicians is a critical resource which will prove indispensable to clinicians dedicated to improving the quality of life and longevity for patients who suffer from serious mental illness. Twenty-five percent of royalties help support Resident-Fellow Members (RFM) within the California Psychiatric Association.
Reducing Risks for Mental Disorders
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309049393
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 636
Book Description
The understanding of how to reduce risk factors for mental disorders has expanded remarkably as a result of recent scientific advances. This study, mandated by Congress, reviews those advances in the context of current research and provides a targeted definition of prevention and a conceptual framework that emphasizes risk reduction. Highlighting opportunities for and barriers to interventions, the book draws on successful models for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, injuries, and smoking. In addition, it reviews the risk factors associated with Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, alcohol abuse and dependence, depressive disorders, and conduct disorders and evaluates current illustrative prevention programs. The models and examination provide a framework for the design, application, and evaluation of interventions intended to prevent mental disorders and the transfer of knowledge about prevention from research to clinical practice. The book presents a focused research agenda, with recommendations on how to develop effective intervention programs, create a cadre of prevention researchers, and improve coordination among federal agencies.
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309049393
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 636
Book Description
The understanding of how to reduce risk factors for mental disorders has expanded remarkably as a result of recent scientific advances. This study, mandated by Congress, reviews those advances in the context of current research and provides a targeted definition of prevention and a conceptual framework that emphasizes risk reduction. Highlighting opportunities for and barriers to interventions, the book draws on successful models for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, injuries, and smoking. In addition, it reviews the risk factors associated with Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, alcohol abuse and dependence, depressive disorders, and conduct disorders and evaluates current illustrative prevention programs. The models and examination provide a framework for the design, application, and evaluation of interventions intended to prevent mental disorders and the transfer of knowledge about prevention from research to clinical practice. The book presents a focused research agenda, with recommendations on how to develop effective intervention programs, create a cadre of prevention researchers, and improve coordination among federal agencies.
Symposium on Preventive and Social Psychiatry
Author:
Publisher: National Academies
ISBN:
Category : Psychology, Industrial
Languages : en
Pages : 548
Book Description
Publisher: National Academies
ISBN:
Category : Psychology, Industrial
Languages : en
Pages : 548
Book Description
Yale Textbook of Public Psychiatry
Author: Selby Jacobs
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190214678
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 313
Book Description
Yale Textbook of Public Psychiatry is a comprehensive resource on treatment, rehabilitation, recovery, and public health of persons cared for in organized, publically funded systems of care. Edited and authored by experts in public psychiatry at the Yale Department of Psychiatry, this text provides up-to-date information on clinical work in the public sector. This book will be a useful reference for professionals and students of public psychiatry, administrators, and policy makers.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190214678
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 313
Book Description
Yale Textbook of Public Psychiatry is a comprehensive resource on treatment, rehabilitation, recovery, and public health of persons cared for in organized, publically funded systems of care. Edited and authored by experts in public psychiatry at the Yale Department of Psychiatry, this text provides up-to-date information on clinical work in the public sector. This book will be a useful reference for professionals and students of public psychiatry, administrators, and policy makers.
Study Guide to Preventive Medical Care in Psychiatry
Author: Robert M. McCarron, D.O.
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN: 1615370579
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 316
Book Description
Annotation Study Guide to Preventive Medical Care in Psychiatry: A Case Approach is an indispensable companion to Preventive Medical Care in Psychiatry: A Practical Guide for Clinicians. Like the primary text, the study guide was written by experts in the field -- many with dual training in psychiatry and medicine -- and it reflects the text's focus on clinical care for psychiatrists and other mental health care providers who work in outpatient mental health and integrated clinics. It is critical that mental health providers and trainees learn how to prevent and detect common medical conditions in their patients, who typically have higher rates of adverse health risk behaviors and may lack a primary care physician. Through the deft use of clinical cases, the study guide helps providers and trainees acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to view the patient holistically and improve outcomes.The study guide's authors employ effective organizational strategies and pedagogic features to achieve these objectives: * The study guide's structure mirrors that of the primary text, with eight, multi-chapter sections authored by a team of leading experts in the respective areas. Chapter content is embodied in a series of clinical cases, each of which is followed by several multiple-choice questions, allowing readers to test their knowledge of the material. * In the answer guide, the correct answer to each question is presented, along with an explanation and the corresponding page numbers from the primary text where more complete coverage can be found. This cross-referencing allows readers to contextualize the question and answer and provides them with the opportunity to consolidate their learning of important information.* The original cases are well written and compelling, offering readers a level of detail and complexity that is both realistic and illustrative of key concepts in prevention, assessment, and treatment.* In all, the study guide offers 93 cases and 290 multiple-choice questions covering every chapter in the text. In addition, more than 50 tables and figures are included to summarize vital information and illustrate important ideas. Mental health clinicians in practice or training will find Study Guide to Preventive Medical Care in Psychiatry: A Case Approach an essential, evidence-based tool for learning and translating a holistic, integrated model of care into the clinical arena.
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN: 1615370579
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 316
Book Description
Annotation Study Guide to Preventive Medical Care in Psychiatry: A Case Approach is an indispensable companion to Preventive Medical Care in Psychiatry: A Practical Guide for Clinicians. Like the primary text, the study guide was written by experts in the field -- many with dual training in psychiatry and medicine -- and it reflects the text's focus on clinical care for psychiatrists and other mental health care providers who work in outpatient mental health and integrated clinics. It is critical that mental health providers and trainees learn how to prevent and detect common medical conditions in their patients, who typically have higher rates of adverse health risk behaviors and may lack a primary care physician. Through the deft use of clinical cases, the study guide helps providers and trainees acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to view the patient holistically and improve outcomes.The study guide's authors employ effective organizational strategies and pedagogic features to achieve these objectives: * The study guide's structure mirrors that of the primary text, with eight, multi-chapter sections authored by a team of leading experts in the respective areas. Chapter content is embodied in a series of clinical cases, each of which is followed by several multiple-choice questions, allowing readers to test their knowledge of the material. * In the answer guide, the correct answer to each question is presented, along with an explanation and the corresponding page numbers from the primary text where more complete coverage can be found. This cross-referencing allows readers to contextualize the question and answer and provides them with the opportunity to consolidate their learning of important information.* The original cases are well written and compelling, offering readers a level of detail and complexity that is both realistic and illustrative of key concepts in prevention, assessment, and treatment.* In all, the study guide offers 93 cases and 290 multiple-choice questions covering every chapter in the text. In addition, more than 50 tables and figures are included to summarize vital information and illustrate important ideas. Mental health clinicians in practice or training will find Study Guide to Preventive Medical Care in Psychiatry: A Case Approach an essential, evidence-based tool for learning and translating a holistic, integrated model of care into the clinical arena.
The Mental Hygiene Movement
Author: Clifford Whittingham Beers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mental illness
Languages : en
Pages : 104
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mental illness
Languages : en
Pages : 104
Book Description
The Prevention of Mental Illness in Primary Care
Author: Tony Kendrick
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521576482
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 418
Book Description
Up to a third of patients obtaining primary care services are suffering from psychological problems and the primary health care team deals with the majority. In this volume, experts from a wide range of mental health care disciplines discuss issues ranging from primary prevention with identification of risk to early identification of problem symptoms and the effective management of long-term mental illness. With full reference to the current state of research, emphasis has been given to practical measures that can be readily utilized in the primary care setting. This handbook will serve as an invaluable resource for all those with interests in the protection and conservation of mental health.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521576482
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 418
Book Description
Up to a third of patients obtaining primary care services are suffering from psychological problems and the primary health care team deals with the majority. In this volume, experts from a wide range of mental health care disciplines discuss issues ranging from primary prevention with identification of risk to early identification of problem symptoms and the effective management of long-term mental illness. With full reference to the current state of research, emphasis has been given to practical measures that can be readily utilized in the primary care setting. This handbook will serve as an invaluable resource for all those with interests in the protection and conservation of mental health.
Violence and Mental Health
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309466628
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 173
Book Description
On February 26â€"27, 2014, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Forum on Global Violence Prevention convened a workshop titled Mental Health and Violence: Opportunities for Prevention and Early Intervention. The workshop brought together advocates and experts in public health and mental health, anthropology, biomedical science, criminal justice, global health and development, and neuroscience to examine experience, evidence, and practice at the intersection of mental health and violence. Participants explored how violence impacts mental health and how mental health influences violence and discussed approaches to improve research and practice in both domains. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309466628
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 173
Book Description
On February 26â€"27, 2014, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Forum on Global Violence Prevention convened a workshop titled Mental Health and Violence: Opportunities for Prevention and Early Intervention. The workshop brought together advocates and experts in public health and mental health, anthropology, biomedical science, criminal justice, global health and development, and neuroscience to examine experience, evidence, and practice at the intersection of mental health and violence. Participants explored how violence impacts mental health and how mental health influences violence and discussed approaches to improve research and practice in both domains. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
The Social Determinants of Mental Health
Author: Michael T. Compton
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN: 1585625175
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 296
Book Description
The Social Determinants of Mental Health aims to fill the gap that exists in the psychiatric, scholarly, and policy-related literature on the social determinants of mental health: those factors stemming from where we learn, play, live, work, and age that impact our overall mental health and well-being. The editors and an impressive roster of chapter authors from diverse scholarly backgrounds provide detailed information on topics such as discrimination and social exclusion; adverse early life experiences; poor education; unemployment, underemployment, and job insecurity; income inequality, poverty, and neighborhood deprivation; food insecurity; poor housing quality and housing instability; adverse features of the built environment; and poor access to mental health care. This thought-provoking book offers many beneficial features for clinicians and public health professionals: Clinical vignettes are included, designed to make the content accessible to readers who are primarily clinicians and also to demonstrate the practical, individual-level applicability of the subject matter for those who typically work at the public health, population, and/or policy level. Policy implications are discussed throughout, designed to make the content accessible to readers who work primarily at the public health or population level and also to demonstrate the policy relevance of the subject matter for those who typically work at the clinical level. All chapters include five to six key points that focus on the most important content, helping to both prepare the reader with a brief overview of the chapter's main points and reinforce the "take-away" messages afterward. In addition to the main body of the book, which focuses on selected individual social determinants of mental health, the volume includes an in-depth overview that summarizes the editors' and their colleagues' conceptualization, as well as a final chapter coauthored by Dr. David Satcher, 16th Surgeon General of the United States, that serves as a "Call to Action," offering specific actions that can be taken by both clinicians and policymakers to address the social determinants of mental health. The editors have succeeded in the difficult task of balancing the individual/clinical/patient perspective and the population/public health/community point of view, while underscoring the need for both groups to work in a unified way to address the inequities in twenty-first century America. The Social Determinants of Mental Health gives readers the tools to understand and act to improve mental health and reduce risk for mental illnesses for individuals and communities. Students preparing for the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) will also benefit from this book, as the MCAT in 2015 will test applicants' knowledge of social determinants of health. The social determinants of mental health are not distinct from the social determinants of physical health, although they deserve special emphasis given the prevalence and burden of poor mental health.
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN: 1585625175
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 296
Book Description
The Social Determinants of Mental Health aims to fill the gap that exists in the psychiatric, scholarly, and policy-related literature on the social determinants of mental health: those factors stemming from where we learn, play, live, work, and age that impact our overall mental health and well-being. The editors and an impressive roster of chapter authors from diverse scholarly backgrounds provide detailed information on topics such as discrimination and social exclusion; adverse early life experiences; poor education; unemployment, underemployment, and job insecurity; income inequality, poverty, and neighborhood deprivation; food insecurity; poor housing quality and housing instability; adverse features of the built environment; and poor access to mental health care. This thought-provoking book offers many beneficial features for clinicians and public health professionals: Clinical vignettes are included, designed to make the content accessible to readers who are primarily clinicians and also to demonstrate the practical, individual-level applicability of the subject matter for those who typically work at the public health, population, and/or policy level. Policy implications are discussed throughout, designed to make the content accessible to readers who work primarily at the public health or population level and also to demonstrate the policy relevance of the subject matter for those who typically work at the clinical level. All chapters include five to six key points that focus on the most important content, helping to both prepare the reader with a brief overview of the chapter's main points and reinforce the "take-away" messages afterward. In addition to the main body of the book, which focuses on selected individual social determinants of mental health, the volume includes an in-depth overview that summarizes the editors' and their colleagues' conceptualization, as well as a final chapter coauthored by Dr. David Satcher, 16th Surgeon General of the United States, that serves as a "Call to Action," offering specific actions that can be taken by both clinicians and policymakers to address the social determinants of mental health. The editors have succeeded in the difficult task of balancing the individual/clinical/patient perspective and the population/public health/community point of view, while underscoring the need for both groups to work in a unified way to address the inequities in twenty-first century America. The Social Determinants of Mental Health gives readers the tools to understand and act to improve mental health and reduce risk for mental illnesses for individuals and communities. Students preparing for the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) will also benefit from this book, as the MCAT in 2015 will test applicants' knowledge of social determinants of health. The social determinants of mental health are not distinct from the social determinants of physical health, although they deserve special emphasis given the prevalence and burden of poor mental health.
Textbook of Medical Psychiatry
Author: Paul Summergrad
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN: 1615372822
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 770
Book Description
The Textbook of Medical Psychiatry was written for the wide range of clinicians who grapple with the diagnostic and treatment challenges inherent in this clinical reality: medical and psychiatric illnesses do not occur in isolation from one another. Because assessment in these cases may be challenging, the book addresses general medical conditions that directly cause psychiatric illness and the medical differential diagnosis of common psychiatric illnesses. In addition, the book describes how the presentation and treatment of both psychiatric and medical disorders are modified by the presence of comorbid conditions. The editors, who are at the forefront of the field, have assembled an outstanding group of contributors, all of whom share the objective of helping psychiatrists, internists, neurologists, trainees, and other health care providers recognize the medical issues facing patients with psychiatric symptoms, and vice versa. Proper assessment and treatment are dependent on the skillful application of this knowledge. Written in down-to-earth, clinically grounded prose, this text Provides a comprehensive exploration of approaches to the patient, including perspectives from internists and neurologists on dealing with diagnostic uncertainty and special chapters on the neurological examination, cognitive testing, neuroimaging, laboratory testing, and toxicological syndromes. Presents a review of medical disorders that can directly or indirectly affect the clinical presentation and course of psychiatric disorders. Presents a review of psychiatric disorders that can be caused by medical illnesses or affect the clinical presentation and course of medical disorders. Includes chapters on pain, insomnia, and somatoform disorders, conditions that accompany many psychiatric and medical illnesses and that fall in the boundary between these practice settings. In clinics and offices every day, physicians encounter patients whose presentations are atypical or whose symptoms are not responsive to usual care. When facing the challenges of accurately assessing complicated symptoms and managing the care of complex patients, clinicians often seek advice from colleagues whose perspectives and expertise they trust. The chapters in the Textbook of Medical Psychiatry can be consulted in much the same fashion, expanding clinicians' knowledge base and helping them to more effectively diagnose and care for their patients.
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN: 1615372822
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 770
Book Description
The Textbook of Medical Psychiatry was written for the wide range of clinicians who grapple with the diagnostic and treatment challenges inherent in this clinical reality: medical and psychiatric illnesses do not occur in isolation from one another. Because assessment in these cases may be challenging, the book addresses general medical conditions that directly cause psychiatric illness and the medical differential diagnosis of common psychiatric illnesses. In addition, the book describes how the presentation and treatment of both psychiatric and medical disorders are modified by the presence of comorbid conditions. The editors, who are at the forefront of the field, have assembled an outstanding group of contributors, all of whom share the objective of helping psychiatrists, internists, neurologists, trainees, and other health care providers recognize the medical issues facing patients with psychiatric symptoms, and vice versa. Proper assessment and treatment are dependent on the skillful application of this knowledge. Written in down-to-earth, clinically grounded prose, this text Provides a comprehensive exploration of approaches to the patient, including perspectives from internists and neurologists on dealing with diagnostic uncertainty and special chapters on the neurological examination, cognitive testing, neuroimaging, laboratory testing, and toxicological syndromes. Presents a review of medical disorders that can directly or indirectly affect the clinical presentation and course of psychiatric disorders. Presents a review of psychiatric disorders that can be caused by medical illnesses or affect the clinical presentation and course of medical disorders. Includes chapters on pain, insomnia, and somatoform disorders, conditions that accompany many psychiatric and medical illnesses and that fall in the boundary between these practice settings. In clinics and offices every day, physicians encounter patients whose presentations are atypical or whose symptoms are not responsive to usual care. When facing the challenges of accurately assessing complicated symptoms and managing the care of complex patients, clinicians often seek advice from colleagues whose perspectives and expertise they trust. The chapters in the Textbook of Medical Psychiatry can be consulted in much the same fashion, expanding clinicians' knowledge base and helping them to more effectively diagnose and care for their patients.