Prediction of Body Density Using Skinfold Measures in Paraplegic Male Wheelchair Athletes PDF Download
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Author: John T. Raffin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Skinfold thickness
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Book Description
Author: John T. Raffin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Skinfold thickness
Languages : en
Pages : 184
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Pierre-Marie Leprêtre
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889451712
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 89
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Book Description
In 1960, the 9th Annual International Stoke Mandeville Games were supported, for the first time, by the Italian Olympic Committee. Taking place six days after the Closing Ceremony of the XVII Olympic Games, the paralympic games for disabled athletes were born. From Roma in 1960 to London in 2012, the Paralympic Games grew in terms of athletes’ number from 400 to 4,237, and now brings together more than 164 nations (Perret, 2015). The word “Paralympic” derives from the Greek preposition “para” (beside or alongside) and the word “Olympic”. Paralympics want to be the parallel Games to the Olympics and illustrate how the two movements exist side-by-side (Paralympics – History of the Movement, 2016). Now taking place after the Olympics Games, the Paralympic Games are the pinnacle of the career of athletes with physical impairments and have become the second largest sport event in the world (Perret, 2015; Paralympics – History of the Movement, 2016; Gold and Gold, 2011). The first statement of the vision of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), i.e. “to create the conditions for athlete empowerment through self-determination” (Paralympics – History of the Movement, 2016; International Paralympic Committee, 2016), shows the importance of the place of the athlete with an impairment at the heart of the Paralympic Movement. The ultimate aim of the IPC is « to enable Paralympic athletes to achieve sporting excellence and inspire and excite the world. » (International Paralympic Committee, 2016). The performance level of athletes with an impairment improved to a point that, in the present days, sport news and world sport movements focus on the potential advantage of artificial limbs among athletes with amputations and their integration in able-bodied competitions (Burkett, 2010). However, they do not represent the totality of athletes with an impairment at the Paralympic Games. Athletes with other physical impairments (visual deficit, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy or else) are eligible to compete. These impairments induce typical functional and physiological (e.g., cardiovascular, thermoregulatory) responses to exercise. For example, spinal cord injury (athletes with tetraplegia or paraplegia) causes thermoregulatory impairment (Goosey-Tolfrey et al., 2008) and individuals with cerebral palsy have also demonstrated higher thermal and metabolic strain than matched controls during treadmill walking in the heat (Maltais et al., 2004). Thus, hyperthermia among these athletes with an impairment alters their performance compared to their Olympic counterparts (Bhambhani, 2002). Mechanical performance analysis, the description of physiological responses according to the functional impairment or else the response to training and the relationship between laboratory and field testing responses are different parts of a package introduced here to address the aim of the IPC: to enable Paralympic athletes to achieve sporting excellence (Paralympics – History of the Movement, 2016; International Paralympic Committee, 2016). Paralympic Games, held almost immediately following the respective Olympics in the same site (Gold and Gold, 2011), also have exposed athletes to different environmental conditions. In the present 20-odd years, three of four Summer Paralympic Games have been or will be organized in the heat with or without significant humidity: Beijing 2008 (Average weather in September for Beijing, China., 2016), Rio de Janeiro 2016 (Average weather in September for Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., 2016) and Tokyo 2020 (Average weather in September for Ota, Japan., 2016). It has been established that the environmental conditions not only influences the level of cognitive and exercise performance capacity in trained able-bodied individuals (Veneroso et al., 2015), but their health status may also be affected. Due to the above-mentioned impairment in thermoregulatory capacity athletes with spinal cord injury or cerebral palsy may be more susceptible to hyperthermia during exercise (Goosey-Tolfrey et al., 2008; Maltais et al., 2004; Bhambhani, 2002). During the Paralympic tournament, these athletes of the qualified nations were and will be exposed to heat and/or humid conditions. The hyperthermia induced by exercise among athletes with an impairment plus the effects of heat on core temperature will make their performance in the hot and warm conditions more challenging. Some studies have addressed strategies to prevent the physiologic and psychological impairments in athletic performance induced by exercise performed in the heat (Goosey-Tolfrey et al., 2008). Other proposed that wheelchair athletes should follow recommendations advocated for able-bodied individuals to minimize their risks of heat stress during competition (Bhambhani, 2002). In the present issue, the authors provide a descriptive approach of performance, and especially the preparation of athletes with a physical impairment to optimize their exercise performance. We argue that the interactions between environmental conditions and typical responses to exercise of athletes with an impairment and the equipment interactions with athlete’s body should be taken into account in the preparation of Paralympic athletes in order to witness the most magnificent sporting display: the Paralympic Games. Finally, the motto of Paralympic movement « Spirit in Motion » is also the philosophy of the present compendium: to present new advances and research findings in the field of applied physiology and biomechanics in exercise, within the context of optimize Paralympic preparation and performance of athletes presented an impairment. References Perret, C. (2015) Elite-adapted wheelchair sports performance: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 27,1-9. Paralympics – History of the Movement. https://www.paralympic.org/the-ipc/history-of-the-movement. Accessed July 8, 2016. Gold, J. R., Gold, M. M. (2011). Olympic Cities: City Agendas, Planning, and the World's Games, 1896 - 2016 (Planning, History and Environment Series), 2nd edition, Routledge, 2011 - 444 pages. International Paralympic Committee. IPC Vision, Motto, Symbol. https://www.paralympic.org/sites/default/files/document/120427151817794_Vision.pdf. Accessed July 8, 2016. Burkett, B. (2010). Technology in Paralympic sport: performance enhancement or essential for performance? Br J Sports Med. 44,215-220. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.067249. Goosey-Tolfrey, V., Swainson, M., Boyd, C., Atkinson, G., Tolfrey, K. (2008). The effectiveness of hand cooling at reducing exercise-induced hyperthermia and improving distance-race performance in wheelchair and able-bodied athletes. J Appl Physiol 105,37-43. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01084.2007. Maltais, D., Wilk, B., Unnithan, V., Bar-Or, O. (2004). Responses of children with cerebral palsy to treadmill walking exercise in the heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 36,1674-1681. Bhambhani, Y (2002). Physiology of wheelchair racing in athletes with spinal cord injury. Sports Med. 32,23-51. Average weather in September for Beijing, China. https://weatherspark.com/averages/34097/9/Beijing-China. Accessed July 8, 2016. Average weather in September for Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. https://weatherspark.com/averages/33421/9/Rio-de-Janeiro-Brazil. Accessed July 8, 2016. Average weather in September for Ota, Japan. https://weatherspark.com/averages/33260/9/Ota-Tokyo-Japan. Accessed July 8, 2016. Veneroso, C.E., Ramos, G.P., Mendes, T.T., Silami-Garcia, E. (2015). Physical performance and environmental conditions: 2014 World Soccer Cup and 2016 Summer Olympics in Brazil. Temperature (Austin). 2,439-440. doi: 10.1080/23328940.2015.1106637.
Author: Elizabeth Broad
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429959451
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 367
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Book Description
Sports participation opportunities for individuals with impairments are increasing. Whether an athlete is beginning a sport or competing on the world stage for a podium finish, nutrition is recognized as being integral to optimizing their health, training capacity, and performance. Some athletes with impairments are physiologically similar to their able-bodied counterparts, whereby the application of sports nutrition principles is straightforward. However, athletes with certain impairments require a very individualized approach when applying these principles in a practical way. Fully updated and expanded, this second edition of Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes is an essential resource for sports nutrition practitioners who work alongside athletes with an impairment, whether that be physical, visual, hearing, or intellectual. In addition to chapters devoted to each impairment type, this book covers specific areas including medical considerations, body composition, supplements, and practical aspects that can be applied across all athletes and sports. Case studies and messages from athletes and world-class coaches enhance the application of theoretical research into practice providing the most relevant sports nutrition advice to Para athletes. Features New chapters on energy availability in Para athletes and cooling and hydration for the Para athlete Concise review of current sports nutrition recommendations for athletes, both during training and in competition Provides practical guidance and examples on how to apply sports nutrition principles to each impairment type Includes real life experiences of Para athletes, elite coaches, and practitioners Encompasses wider topics of assessing body composition, medical considerations, and supplement use specific to Para athletes Features insight and experiences gained by practitioners over the three major Paralympic Games since the first edition Sports nutrition can be the difference between being competitive and making the podium. With the rapidly increasing Paralympic profile, this book is valuable for professionals endeavoring to give their athletes the competitive edge - it challenges, stimulates, and drives future research in this area to continue to improve the delivery of this intrinsic component of athlete preparation.
Author: Yves Vanlandewijck
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN: 9781444334043
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
This brand new Handbook addresses Paralympic sports and athletes, providing practical information on the medical issues, biological factors in the performance of the sports and physical conditioning. The book begins with a comprehensive introduction of the Paralympic athlete, followed by discipline-specific reviews from leading authorities in disability sport science, each covering the biomechanics, physiology, medicine, philosophy, sociology and psychology of the discipline. The Paralympic Athlete also addresses recent assessment and training tools to enhance the performance of athletes, particularly useful for trainers and coaches, and examples of best practice on athletes' scientific counseling are also presented. This new title sits in a series of specialist reference volumes, ideal for the use of professionals working directly with competitive athletes.
Author: Yves C. Vanlandewijck
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111904510X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 490
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Book Description
Part of the esteemed IOC Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science series, this new volume on Training and Coaching the Paralympic Athlete will be athlete-centred with each chapter written for the practical use of medical doctors and allied health personnel. The chapters also consider the role of medical science in the athlete’s sporting career and summarize current international scientific Paralympic literature. Provides a concise, authoritative overview of the science, medicine and psycho-social aspects of training and coaching disabled and Paralympic athletes Offers guidance on medical aspects unique to the training and coaching of Paralympic athletes Endorsed by both the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Written and edited by global thought leaders in sports medicine
Author: Margo Mountjoy
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118862201
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Book Description
This new International Olympic Committee (IOC) handbook covers the science, medicine and psycho-social aspects of females in sports at all levels of competition. Each chapter focuses on the specific issues that female athletes confront both on and off the field, such as bone health, nutritional recommendations, exercise/competition during menstruation and pregnancy, and much more. Fully endorsed by the IOC and drawing upon the experience of an international team of expert contributors, no other publication deals with the topic in such a concise and complete manner. The Female Athlete is recommended for all health care providers for women and girl athletes internationally for all sports and all levels of competition. It is a valuable resource for medical doctors, physical and occupational therapists, nutritionists, and sports scientists as well as coaches, personal trainers and athletes.
Author: Ronald Easterby
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468410989
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Book Description
Assessment of the physical dimensions of the human body and application of this knowledge to the design of tools, equip ment, and work are certainly among the oldest arts and sciences. It would be an easy task if all anthropometric dimensions, of all people, would follow a general rule. Thus, philosophers and artists embedded their ideas about the most aesthetic proportions into ideal schemes of perfect proportions. "Golden sections" were developed in ancient India, China, Egypt, and Greece, and more recently by Leonardo DaVinci, or Albrecht Durer. However, such canons are fictive since actual human dimensions and proportions vary greatly among individuals. The different physical appearances often have been associated with mental, physiological and behavioral characteristics of the individuals. Hypocrates (about 460-377 BC) taught that there are four temperaments (actually, body fluids) represented by four body types. The psychiatrist Ernst Kretchmer (1888-1964) proposed that three typical somatotypes (pyknic, athletic, aesthenic) could reflect human character traits. Since the 1940's, W. H. Sheldon and his coworkers devised a system of three body physiques (endo-, meso-, ectomorphic). The classification was originally qualitative, and only recently has been developed to include actual measurements.
Author: Niels H. Secher
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1444312626
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
This volume in the Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science series delivers up-to-date scientific knowledge alongside practical applications in rowing, making it an invaluable resource for researchers, coaches and rowers of all abilities. Published under the auspices of the International Olympic Committee, in collaboration with the International Rowing Federation (FISA), Rowing: Provides key knowledge of the historical, nutritional and psychological aspects of rowing Offers ground-breaking physiological insights which can help shape future training methodologies Features a rowing periodization plan to help trainers and athletes create comprehensive and effective training programs, racing plans and tactics. Rowing brings together internationally renowned experts with experience in competitive rowing and sports medicine, making this the complete handbook of medicine, science and practice in rowing.
Author: Julie A. Lovegrove
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118554663
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Book Description
A new book in the acclaimed Nutrition Society Textbook Series, Nutrition Research Methodologies addresses the rapidly advancing field of nutrition research. It covers the diverse methodologies required for robust nutritional research to ensure thorough understanding of key concepts, both for students at undergraduate and postgraduate levels and for scientists working in nutrition research. Combining theory with practical application, Nutrition Research Methodologies addresses both traditional research methods and new technologies, and focuses on a range of complex topics, including energy compensation, nutrient-gene interactions and metabolic adaptation. It also considers statistical issues as well as application of data to policy development. Provides the reader with the required scientific basics of nutrition research in the context of a systems and health approach Written specifically to meet the needs of individuals involved in nutrition research Combines the viewpoints of world-leading nutrition experts from academia and research with practical applications Accompanied by a companion website with a range of self-assessment material (www.wiley.com/go/lovegrove/nutritionresearch)
Author: Diana Noland
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030307301
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1101
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Book Description
This textbook is a practical guide to the application of the philosophy and principles of Integrative and Functional Medical Nutrition Therapy (IFMNT) in the practice of medicine, and the key role nutrition plays in restoring and maintaining wellness. The textbook provides an overview of recent reviews and studies of physiological and biochemical contributions to IFMNT and address nutritional influences in human heath overall, including poor nutrition, genomics, environmental toxicant exposures, fractured human interactions, limited physical movement, stress, sleep deprivation, and other lifestyle factors. Ultimately, this textbook serves to help practitioners, healthcare systems, and policy makers better understand this different and novel approach to complex chronic disorders. It provides the reader with real world examples of applications of the underlying principles and practices of integrative/functional nutrition therapies and presents the most up-to-date intervention strategies and clinical tools to help the reader keep abreast of developments in this emerging specialty field. Many chapters include comprehensive coverage of the topic and clinical applications with supplementary learning features such as case studies, take-home messages, patient and practitioner handouts, algorithms, and suggested readings. Integrative and Functional Medical Nutrition Therapy: Principles and Practices will serve as an invaluable guide for healthcare professionals in their clinical application of nutrition, lifestyle assessment, and intervention for each unique, individual patient.
