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Author: R. Glenn Hubbard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Saving and investment
Languages : en
Pages : 61
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Book Description
Microdata studies of household saving often find a significant group in the population with virtually no wealth, raising concerns about heterogeneity in motives for saving. In particular, this heterogeneity has been interpreted as evidence against the life-cycle model of saving. This paper argues that a life-cycle model can replicate observed patterns in household wealth accumulation after accounting explicitly for precautionary saving and asset-based means- tested social insurance. We demonstrate theoretically that social insurance programs with means tests based on assets discourage saving by households with low expected lifetime income. In addition, we evaluate the model using a dynamic programming model with four state variables. Assuming common preference parameters across lifetime- income groups, we are able to replicate the empirical pattern that low-income households are more likely than high-income households to hold virtually no wealth. Low wealth accumulation can be explained as a utility-maximizing response to asset-based means-tested welfare programs
Author: R. Glenn Hubbard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Saving and investment
Languages : en
Pages : 61
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Book Description
Microdata studies of household saving often find a significant group in the population with virtually no wealth, raising concerns about heterogeneity in motives for saving. In particular, this heterogeneity has been interpreted as evidence against the life-cycle model of saving. This paper argues that a life-cycle model can replicate observed patterns in household wealth accumulation after accounting explicitly for precautionary saving and asset-based means- tested social insurance. We demonstrate theoretically that social insurance programs with means tests based on assets discourage saving by households with low expected lifetime income. In addition, we evaluate the model using a dynamic programming model with four state variables. Assuming common preference parameters across lifetime- income groups, we are able to replicate the empirical pattern that low-income households are more likely than high-income households to hold virtually no wealth. Low wealth accumulation can be explained as a utility-maximizing response to asset-based means-tested welfare programs
Author: R. Glenn Hubbard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Microdata studies of household saving often find a significant group in the population with virtually no wealth, raising concerns about heterogeneity in motives for saving. In particular, this heterogeneity has been interpreted as evidence against the life-cycle model of saving. This paper argues that a life-cycle model can replicate observed patterns in household wealth accumulation after accounting explicitly for precautionary saving and asset-based means-tested social insurance. We demonstrate theoretically that social insurance programs with means tests based on assets discourage saving by households with low expected lifetime income. In addition, we evaluate the model using a dynamic programming model with four state variables. Assuming common preference parameters across lifetime-income groups, we are able to replicate the empirical pattern that low-income households are more likely than high-income households to hold virtually no wealth. Low wealth accumulation can be explained as a utility- maximizing response to asset-based means-tested welfare programs.
Author: Matthew Joyce
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Our estimates indicate that 24% of net wealth is attributed to precautionary savings in Australia. Moreover, across the income distribution, we find that low-income households have the highest fraction of their wealth accumulation explained by precautionary motives. These results for Australia are at odds with the estimates of precautionary wealth in the United States where related studies find that low-income households hold low levels of precautionary savings. Using a simple theoretical model, we show that differences in means-tested social insurance programs can rationalize these large differences in our empirical results.
Author: Ivan Vidangos
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cost and standard of living
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
Author: R. Glenn Hubbard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
This paper focuses on precautionary saving against uncertain longevity and on the annuity insurance aspects of social security within the life-cycle framework. The principal findings are three. First, the evolution of social security is reviewed in response to missing markets for providing insurance for consumption in the face of lifetime uncertainty. A simple life-cycle model is used to show that even an actuarially fair, fully funded social security system can reducenational saving. Second, to the extent that the introduction of social security reduces the size of accidental bequests, the net effect on the consumption of subsequent generations is diminished. Finally,consideration of the welfare gains from compulsory social security requires an examination of the tradeoff between the benefits to early participants from access to the annuities and the costs to generations that follow of a lower capital stock. Across a range of parameter values, the partial equilibrium impact of social security on consumptionis reversed. The introduction of an explicit bequest motive ivitigates both the initial impact of social security on saving and the long-run welfare loss from the introduction of social security.
Author: Shawn Kantor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In this article we test whether the introduction of social insurance has led to a reduction in private insurance purchases and precautionary saving by examining the introduction of workers' compensation. Our empirical analysis is based on the financial decisions of over 7,000 households surveyed for the 1917 19 Bureau of Labor Statistics Cost-of- Living that the presence of workers' compensation at least partially crowded out private accident insurance and led to a substantial reduction in precautionary saving. The introduction of workers' compensation caused private saving to fall by approximately 25 percent, with other factors held constant.
Author: Victor Hugo Valdivia
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
The U.S. Social Security system is primarily an unfunded pay-as-you-go system, in which payroll taxes of current workers are used to finance the benefits of current retirees. 2 As a result of the long-term decline in fertility rates and improvements in life expectancy, the number of retirees per worker, or dependency ratio, is expected to rise in the next decades (Figure 1).3 This aging of the population compromises the financial balance of the pay-as-you-go system. Current projections indicate that Social Security will not be able to pay promised benefits on time starting in 2030. This long-term financial imbalance could be corrected by a 2.17 percent payroll tax increase. However, there is currently little support for such a tax raise, and other changes to the Social Security system are being considered. 4.
Author: Alicia Haydock Munnell
Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. : Ballinger Publishing Company
ISBN: 9780884102632
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
Monograph on the impact of the social security and old age benefit programme on personal saving for retirement in the USA - includes the research methodology. Bibliography pp. 133 to 136, references and statistical tables.
Author: Mr.Christopher Carroll
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1475505698
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 47
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Book Description
We argue that the U.S. personal saving rate’s long stability (from the 1960s through the early 1980s), subsequent steady decline (1980s - 2007), and recent substantial increase (2008 - 2011) can all be interpreted using a parsimonious ‘buffer stock’ model of optimal consumption in the presence of labor income uncertainty and credit constraints. Saving in the model is affected by the gap between ‘target’ and actual wealth, with the target wealth determined by credit conditions and uncertainty. An estimated structural version of the model suggests that increased credit availability accounts for most of the saving rate’s long-term decline, while fluctuations in net wealth and uncertainty capture the bulk of the business-cycle variation.
Author: Thomas W. Bishop
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 442
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Book Description
