Author: Robert M. Kaplan
Publisher: Government Printing Office
ISBN: 1587634457
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 659
Book Description
The purpose of this book is to gain a better understanding of the multitude of factors that determine longer life and improved quality of life in the years a person is alive. While the emphasis is primarily on the social and behavioral determinants that have an effect on the health and well-being of individuals, this publication also addresses quality of life factors and determinants more broadly. Each chapter in this book considers an area of investigation and ends with suggestions for future research and implications of current research for policy and practice. The introductory chapter summarizes the state of Americans’ health and well-being in comparison to our international peers and presents background information concerning the limitations of current approaches to improving health and well-being. Following the introduction, there are 21 chapters that examine the effects of various behavioral risk factors on population health, identify trends in life expectancy and quality of life, and suggest avenues for research in the behavioral and social science arenas to address problems affecting the U.S. population and populations in other developed and developing countries around the world. Undergraduate and graduate students pursuing coursework in health statistics, health population demographics, behavioral and social science, and heatlh policy may be interested in this content. Additionally, policymakers, legislators, heatlh educators, and scientific organizations around the world may also have an interest in this resource.
Population Health: Behavioral and Social Science Insights
Author: Robert M. Kaplan
Publisher: Government Printing Office
ISBN: 1587634457
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 659
Book Description
The purpose of this book is to gain a better understanding of the multitude of factors that determine longer life and improved quality of life in the years a person is alive. While the emphasis is primarily on the social and behavioral determinants that have an effect on the health and well-being of individuals, this publication also addresses quality of life factors and determinants more broadly. Each chapter in this book considers an area of investigation and ends with suggestions for future research and implications of current research for policy and practice. The introductory chapter summarizes the state of Americans’ health and well-being in comparison to our international peers and presents background information concerning the limitations of current approaches to improving health and well-being. Following the introduction, there are 21 chapters that examine the effects of various behavioral risk factors on population health, identify trends in life expectancy and quality of life, and suggest avenues for research in the behavioral and social science arenas to address problems affecting the U.S. population and populations in other developed and developing countries around the world. Undergraduate and graduate students pursuing coursework in health statistics, health population demographics, behavioral and social science, and heatlh policy may be interested in this content. Additionally, policymakers, legislators, heatlh educators, and scientific organizations around the world may also have an interest in this resource.
Publisher: Government Printing Office
ISBN: 1587634457
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 659
Book Description
The purpose of this book is to gain a better understanding of the multitude of factors that determine longer life and improved quality of life in the years a person is alive. While the emphasis is primarily on the social and behavioral determinants that have an effect on the health and well-being of individuals, this publication also addresses quality of life factors and determinants more broadly. Each chapter in this book considers an area of investigation and ends with suggestions for future research and implications of current research for policy and practice. The introductory chapter summarizes the state of Americans’ health and well-being in comparison to our international peers and presents background information concerning the limitations of current approaches to improving health and well-being. Following the introduction, there are 21 chapters that examine the effects of various behavioral risk factors on population health, identify trends in life expectancy and quality of life, and suggest avenues for research in the behavioral and social science arenas to address problems affecting the U.S. population and populations in other developed and developing countries around the world. Undergraduate and graduate students pursuing coursework in health statistics, health population demographics, behavioral and social science, and heatlh policy may be interested in this content. Additionally, policymakers, legislators, heatlh educators, and scientific organizations around the world may also have an interest in this resource.
Population Health Analytics
Author: Martha L. Sylvia
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning
ISBN: 1284251101
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 576
Book Description
As the focus of the health care delivery system continues to move toward a coordinated and accountable system, there is an increasing need for a single resource that focuses on analytics for population health. Population Health Analytics addresses that need by providing detailed information and a “how to” guide for achieving population health analytics. Comprehensive, current, and practical, this logically organized text builds from understanding data sources, to contextualizing data, modeling data, and gleaning insights from that data, which is a natural progression for organizations in progressing to higher levels of analytic capabilities. Furthermore, these frameworks for the population health process and analytics are grounded in an evidence base that is also aligned with theories and processes used in healthcare disciplines. This first of its kind text will prepare students to improve health outcomes, understand patterns of health behavior and more.
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning
ISBN: 1284251101
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 576
Book Description
As the focus of the health care delivery system continues to move toward a coordinated and accountable system, there is an increasing need for a single resource that focuses on analytics for population health. Population Health Analytics addresses that need by providing detailed information and a “how to” guide for achieving population health analytics. Comprehensive, current, and practical, this logically organized text builds from understanding data sources, to contextualizing data, modeling data, and gleaning insights from that data, which is a natural progression for organizations in progressing to higher levels of analytic capabilities. Furthermore, these frameworks for the population health process and analytics are grounded in an evidence base that is also aligned with theories and processes used in healthcare disciplines. This first of its kind text will prepare students to improve health outcomes, understand patterns of health behavior and more.
Aging and Mental Health
Author: Daniel L. Segal
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119133130
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 480
Book Description
Fully updated and revised, this new edition of a highly successful text provides students, clinicians, and academics with a thorough introduction to aging and mental health. The third edition of Aging and Mental Health is filled with new updates and features, including the impact of the DSM-5 on diagnosis and treatment of older adults. Like its predecessors, it uses case examples to introduce readers to the field of aging and mental health. It also provides both a synopsis of basic gerontology needed for clinical work with older adults and an analysis of several facets of aging well. Introductory chapters are followed by a series of chapters that describe the major theoretical models used to understand mental health and mental disorders among older adults. Following entries are devoted to the major forms of mental disorders in later life, with a focus on diagnosis, assessment, and treatment issues. Finally, the book focuses on the settings and contexts of professional mental health practice and on emerging policy issues that affect research and practice. This combination of theory and practice helps readers conceptualize mental health problems in later life and negotiate the complex decisions involved with the assessment and treatment of those problems. Features new material on important topics including positive mental health, hoarding disorder, chronic pain, housing, caregiving, and ethical and legal concerns Substantially revised and updated throughout, including reference to the DSM-5 Offers chapter-end recommendations of websites for further information Includes discussion questions and critical thinking questions at the end of each chapter Aging and Mental Health, Third Edition is an ideal text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in psychology, for service providers in psychology, psychiatry, social work, and counseling, and for clinicians who are experienced mental health service providers but who have not had much experience working specifically with older adults and their families.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119133130
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 480
Book Description
Fully updated and revised, this new edition of a highly successful text provides students, clinicians, and academics with a thorough introduction to aging and mental health. The third edition of Aging and Mental Health is filled with new updates and features, including the impact of the DSM-5 on diagnosis and treatment of older adults. Like its predecessors, it uses case examples to introduce readers to the field of aging and mental health. It also provides both a synopsis of basic gerontology needed for clinical work with older adults and an analysis of several facets of aging well. Introductory chapters are followed by a series of chapters that describe the major theoretical models used to understand mental health and mental disorders among older adults. Following entries are devoted to the major forms of mental disorders in later life, with a focus on diagnosis, assessment, and treatment issues. Finally, the book focuses on the settings and contexts of professional mental health practice and on emerging policy issues that affect research and practice. This combination of theory and practice helps readers conceptualize mental health problems in later life and negotiate the complex decisions involved with the assessment and treatment of those problems. Features new material on important topics including positive mental health, hoarding disorder, chronic pain, housing, caregiving, and ethical and legal concerns Substantially revised and updated throughout, including reference to the DSM-5 Offers chapter-end recommendations of websites for further information Includes discussion questions and critical thinking questions at the end of each chapter Aging and Mental Health, Third Edition is an ideal text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in psychology, for service providers in psychology, psychiatry, social work, and counseling, and for clinicians who are experienced mental health service providers but who have not had much experience working specifically with older adults and their families.
Social Foundations of Behavior for the Health Sciences
Author: Ginny Garcia-Alexander
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319649507
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 216
Book Description
This textbook helps students in the health sciences prepare for the social foundations portion of the medical college entrance exam. It provides a solid understanding of the fundamental concepts, theories, and methodologies in sociology that the exam requires. This book offers a condensed overview of the sociological concepts covered during a 15 week semester. It helps students gain an understanding of the social foundations of behavior, and the social determinants of health within the professional context of medicine. Students are provided with the necessary basics in addition to case studies, learning and research activities, recommended external resources, and study questions. These are meant to develop pre-health students’ understanding of the importance of the social factors that influence health outcomes. The featured activities contain various exercises using examples of sociology of health and medicine, including social factors shaping health, social relations between doctors and patients, and the health care system, among others. As a result, this book well informs not only those who wish to prepare for the medical college entrance exam to pursue a career in the health profession, but also anyone who is interested in social perspectives on health and medicine.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319649507
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 216
Book Description
This textbook helps students in the health sciences prepare for the social foundations portion of the medical college entrance exam. It provides a solid understanding of the fundamental concepts, theories, and methodologies in sociology that the exam requires. This book offers a condensed overview of the sociological concepts covered during a 15 week semester. It helps students gain an understanding of the social foundations of behavior, and the social determinants of health within the professional context of medicine. Students are provided with the necessary basics in addition to case studies, learning and research activities, recommended external resources, and study questions. These are meant to develop pre-health students’ understanding of the importance of the social factors that influence health outcomes. The featured activities contain various exercises using examples of sociology of health and medicine, including social factors shaping health, social relations between doctors and patients, and the health care system, among others. As a result, this book well informs not only those who wish to prepare for the medical college entrance exam to pursue a career in the health profession, but also anyone who is interested in social perspectives on health and medicine.
The Handbook of Health Behavior Change
Author: Angie L. Cradock, ScD, MPE
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
ISBN: 0826142656
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 475
Book Description
Now in its 6th edition, The Handbook of Health Behavior Change continues to serve as the premier practical textbook for students, researchers, and health professionals in public health, health promotion, preventive and behavioral medicine, nursing, health communication, population health, and the behavioral sciences. It presents a foundational review of key theories, methods, and intervention strategies they will need to be both thoughtful and effective in promoting positive health behavior change. The book examines the complex challenges of improving health behavior in society including the upstream systems, economic, environmental, social, cultural and policy factors at play, as well as the interpersonal and intrapersonal behaviors that lead to disparate health outcomes among individuals and populations. Integrated throughout are applied case studies and real-world examples focusing on the importance of health equity considerations for health behavior change and how to apply an equity lens to conducting research, designing, and implementing programs. The 6th edition has been fully updated, reorganized, and revised to address the behaviors and health topics related to the leading causes of death and morbidity among adults and children in the United States. Using a multidisciplinary approach, The Handbook of Health Behavior Change prepares the next generation of health professionals to face future challenges in the health behavior sphere through its discussions on equity, theoretical advances, primary and secondary prevention, and application of effective strategies for implementing interventions across levels of society. Provides the "gold standard" review of behavior change interventions New additions highlight the most recent evidence on timely topics such as vaccine uptake, reproductive and sexual health, workplace safety, injury prevention, and mental and behavioral health Features authors with deep expertise in behavior change research, clinical applications, and population health interventions Focuses on practical learning objectives that relate to core public health competencies Summarizes important concepts and information with new and updated illustrations, key points, and discussion questions Includes engaging case studies in every chapter Qualified instructors have access to this edition's expanded Instructor Resources including learning activities, comprehensive PowerPoint slides, and additional resources to supplement students' dynamic learning and interaction with the text
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
ISBN: 0826142656
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 475
Book Description
Now in its 6th edition, The Handbook of Health Behavior Change continues to serve as the premier practical textbook for students, researchers, and health professionals in public health, health promotion, preventive and behavioral medicine, nursing, health communication, population health, and the behavioral sciences. It presents a foundational review of key theories, methods, and intervention strategies they will need to be both thoughtful and effective in promoting positive health behavior change. The book examines the complex challenges of improving health behavior in society including the upstream systems, economic, environmental, social, cultural and policy factors at play, as well as the interpersonal and intrapersonal behaviors that lead to disparate health outcomes among individuals and populations. Integrated throughout are applied case studies and real-world examples focusing on the importance of health equity considerations for health behavior change and how to apply an equity lens to conducting research, designing, and implementing programs. The 6th edition has been fully updated, reorganized, and revised to address the behaviors and health topics related to the leading causes of death and morbidity among adults and children in the United States. Using a multidisciplinary approach, The Handbook of Health Behavior Change prepares the next generation of health professionals to face future challenges in the health behavior sphere through its discussions on equity, theoretical advances, primary and secondary prevention, and application of effective strategies for implementing interventions across levels of society. Provides the "gold standard" review of behavior change interventions New additions highlight the most recent evidence on timely topics such as vaccine uptake, reproductive and sexual health, workplace safety, injury prevention, and mental and behavioral health Features authors with deep expertise in behavior change research, clinical applications, and population health interventions Focuses on practical learning objectives that relate to core public health competencies Summarizes important concepts and information with new and updated illustrations, key points, and discussion questions Includes engaging case studies in every chapter Qualified instructors have access to this edition's expanded Instructor Resources including learning activities, comprehensive PowerPoint slides, and additional resources to supplement students' dynamic learning and interaction with the text
More than Medicine
Author: Robert M. Kaplan
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 067498918X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 241
Book Description
Stanford’s pioneering behavioral scientist draws on a lifetime of research and experience guiding the NIH to make the case that America needs to radically rethink its approach to health care if it wants to stop overspending and overprescribing and improve people’s lives. American science produces the best—and most expensive—medical treatments in the world. Yet U.S. citizens lag behind their global peers in life expectancy and quality of life. Robert Kaplan brings together extensive data to make the case that health care priorities in the United States are sorely misplaced. America’s medical system is invested in attacking disease, but not in addressing the social, behavioral, and environmental problems that engender disease in the first place. Medicine is important, but many Americans act as though it were all important. The United States stakes much of its health funding on the promise of high-tech diagnostics and miracle treatments, while ignoring strong evidence that many of the most significant pathways to health are nonmedical. Americans spend millions on drugs for high cholesterol, which increase life expectancy by only six to eight months on average. But they underfund education, which might extend life expectancy by as much as twelve years. Wars on infectious disease have paid off, but clinical trials for chronic conditions—costing billions—rarely confirm that new treatments extend life. Meanwhile, the National Institutes of Health spends just 3 percent of its budget on research on the social and behavioral determinants of health, even though these factors account for 50 percent of premature deaths. America’s failure to take prevention seriously costs lives. More than Medicine argues that we need a shakeup in how we invest resources, and it offers a bold new vision for longer, healthier living.
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 067498918X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 241
Book Description
Stanford’s pioneering behavioral scientist draws on a lifetime of research and experience guiding the NIH to make the case that America needs to radically rethink its approach to health care if it wants to stop overspending and overprescribing and improve people’s lives. American science produces the best—and most expensive—medical treatments in the world. Yet U.S. citizens lag behind their global peers in life expectancy and quality of life. Robert Kaplan brings together extensive data to make the case that health care priorities in the United States are sorely misplaced. America’s medical system is invested in attacking disease, but not in addressing the social, behavioral, and environmental problems that engender disease in the first place. Medicine is important, but many Americans act as though it were all important. The United States stakes much of its health funding on the promise of high-tech diagnostics and miracle treatments, while ignoring strong evidence that many of the most significant pathways to health are nonmedical. Americans spend millions on drugs for high cholesterol, which increase life expectancy by only six to eight months on average. But they underfund education, which might extend life expectancy by as much as twelve years. Wars on infectious disease have paid off, but clinical trials for chronic conditions—costing billions—rarely confirm that new treatments extend life. Meanwhile, the National Institutes of Health spends just 3 percent of its budget on research on the social and behavioral determinants of health, even though these factors account for 50 percent of premature deaths. America’s failure to take prevention seriously costs lives. More than Medicine argues that we need a shakeup in how we invest resources, and it offers a bold new vision for longer, healthier living.
Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2017: Department of Health and Human Services; Corporation for National and Community Service; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; Department of Labor
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : United States
Languages : en
Pages : 1062
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : United States
Languages : en
Pages : 1062
Book Description
Food Insecurity on Campus
Author: Katharine M. Broton
Publisher: JHU Press
ISBN: 1421437732
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 305
Book Description
The hidden problem of student hunger on college campuses is real. Here's how colleges and universities are addressing it. As the price of college continues to rise and the incomes of most Americans stagnate, too many college students are going hungry. According to researchers, approximately half of all undergraduates are food insecure. Food Insecurity on Campus—the first book to describe the problem—meets higher education's growing demand to tackle the pressing question "How can we end student hunger?" Essays by a diverse set of authors, each working to address food insecurity in higher education, describe unique approaches to the topic. They also offer insights into the most promising strategies to combat student hunger, including • utilizing research to raise awareness and enact change; • creating campus pantries, emergency aid programs, and meal voucher initiatives to meet immediate needs; • leveraging public benefits and nonprofit partnerships to provide additional resources; • changing higher education systems and college cultures to better serve students; and • drawing on student activism and administrative clout to influence federal, state, and local policies. Arguing that practice and policy are improved when informed by research, Food Insecurity on Campus combines the power of data with detailed storytelling to illustrate current conditions. A foreword by Sara Goldrick-Rab further contextualizes the problem. Offering concrete guidance to anyone seeking to understand and support college students experiencing food insecurity, the book encourages readers to draw from the lessons learned to create a comprehensive strategy to fight student hunger. Contributors: Talia Berday-Sacks, Denise Woods-Bevly, Katharine M. Broton, Clare L. Cady, Samuel Chu, Sarah Crawford, Cara Crowley, Rashida M. Crutchfield, James Dubick, Amy Ellen Duke-Benfield, Sara Goldrick-Rab, Jordan Herrera, Nicole Hindes, Russell Lowery-Hart, Jennifer J. Maguire, Michael Rosen, Sabrina Sanders, Rachel Sumekh
Publisher: JHU Press
ISBN: 1421437732
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 305
Book Description
The hidden problem of student hunger on college campuses is real. Here's how colleges and universities are addressing it. As the price of college continues to rise and the incomes of most Americans stagnate, too many college students are going hungry. According to researchers, approximately half of all undergraduates are food insecure. Food Insecurity on Campus—the first book to describe the problem—meets higher education's growing demand to tackle the pressing question "How can we end student hunger?" Essays by a diverse set of authors, each working to address food insecurity in higher education, describe unique approaches to the topic. They also offer insights into the most promising strategies to combat student hunger, including • utilizing research to raise awareness and enact change; • creating campus pantries, emergency aid programs, and meal voucher initiatives to meet immediate needs; • leveraging public benefits and nonprofit partnerships to provide additional resources; • changing higher education systems and college cultures to better serve students; and • drawing on student activism and administrative clout to influence federal, state, and local policies. Arguing that practice and policy are improved when informed by research, Food Insecurity on Campus combines the power of data with detailed storytelling to illustrate current conditions. A foreword by Sara Goldrick-Rab further contextualizes the problem. Offering concrete guidance to anyone seeking to understand and support college students experiencing food insecurity, the book encourages readers to draw from the lessons learned to create a comprehensive strategy to fight student hunger. Contributors: Talia Berday-Sacks, Denise Woods-Bevly, Katharine M. Broton, Clare L. Cady, Samuel Chu, Sarah Crawford, Cara Crowley, Rashida M. Crutchfield, James Dubick, Amy Ellen Duke-Benfield, Sara Goldrick-Rab, Jordan Herrera, Nicole Hindes, Russell Lowery-Hart, Jennifer J. Maguire, Michael Rosen, Sabrina Sanders, Rachel Sumekh
The impact of art therapy on mental health and well-being
Author: Helena José
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832535089
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 148
Book Description
In 2019 the WHO came out with a scoping review related to the evidence on the role of the arts in improving health and well-being. In the last yeast, in fact, literature has recognized the direct and indirect benefits of art in the prevention and promotion of mental and physical health and in the management and treatment of disease. Although some countries have made progress in developing policies that make use of the arts to support health and well-being, many have not yet addressed the opportunities that exist for using the arts to support health, and for others policy activities have been time limited. Nonetheless, the relationship between art and health has existed since the birth of medicine itself and has strongly influenced its history and its evolution. Art therapy is the main expression of art in health care. The integration of art in traditional health assistance paths sustains the need to have a holistic approach to health, wellness, and well-being both of patients and other stakeholders, including caregivers and healthcare professionals. Currently the main area of art therapy application is mental health with especially regards to disability, both in developmental age and in elderly and both to cognitive and physical impairment and dementia. However, it is important to remark that mental health does not only refer to mental illness, but also to people's emotional, psychological, and social well-being. These last cases have particularly worsened with the long lockdown periods due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832535089
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 148
Book Description
In 2019 the WHO came out with a scoping review related to the evidence on the role of the arts in improving health and well-being. In the last yeast, in fact, literature has recognized the direct and indirect benefits of art in the prevention and promotion of mental and physical health and in the management and treatment of disease. Although some countries have made progress in developing policies that make use of the arts to support health and well-being, many have not yet addressed the opportunities that exist for using the arts to support health, and for others policy activities have been time limited. Nonetheless, the relationship between art and health has existed since the birth of medicine itself and has strongly influenced its history and its evolution. Art therapy is the main expression of art in health care. The integration of art in traditional health assistance paths sustains the need to have a holistic approach to health, wellness, and well-being both of patients and other stakeholders, including caregivers and healthcare professionals. Currently the main area of art therapy application is mental health with especially regards to disability, both in developmental age and in elderly and both to cognitive and physical impairment and dementia. However, it is important to remark that mental health does not only refer to mental illness, but also to people's emotional, psychological, and social well-being. These last cases have particularly worsened with the long lockdown periods due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Communities in Action
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309452961
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 583
Book Description
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309452961
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 583
Book Description
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.