Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites as a Biomarker of Exposure to Oil in Demersal Fishes Following the Deepwater Horizon Blowout PDF Download
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Author: Susan Marie Snyder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : BP Deepwater Horizon Explosion and Oil Spill, 2010
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
This study has identified a species of GoM fish, golden tilefish, that is exposed to a present-day source of petrogenic PAH pollution and certain fish species that were episodically exposed, in the years following the Deepwater Horizon blowout. With residual Deepwater Horizon oil still found in GoM sediments, coastal marshes and beaches, there is a need to identify these chronic exposures to persistent PAH pollution, monitor PAH concentrations in over time and evaluate the resulting sublethal effects to better understand the impacts of the Deepwater Horizon blowout on marine resources such as GoM fisheries.
Author: Susan Marie Snyder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : BP Deepwater Horizon Explosion and Oil Spill, 2010
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
This study has identified a species of GoM fish, golden tilefish, that is exposed to a present-day source of petrogenic PAH pollution and certain fish species that were episodically exposed, in the years following the Deepwater Horizon blowout. With residual Deepwater Horizon oil still found in GoM sediments, coastal marshes and beaches, there is a need to identify these chronic exposures to persistent PAH pollution, monitor PAH concentrations in over time and evaluate the resulting sublethal effects to better understand the impacts of the Deepwater Horizon blowout on marine resources such as GoM fisheries.
Author: Arianne Ella Leary
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Deep-sea fishes -- Effect of oil spills on -- Mexico, Gulf of
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (DWH) released about 4.4 million barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), making it one of the largest oil spills in U.S. history. Additionally, the depth of the spill (i.e., 1500 meters) created a unique research opportunity because most oil spills occur at the surface and affect coastal rather than deepwater habitats. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the most toxic components of oil, and are often the focus of oil exposure studies. PAHs are quickly metabolized by vertebrates; therefore, indicators of biological responses to PAH exposure (PAH "biomarkers") such as the levels of PAH detoxification enzymes and the resulting metabolites are commonly used to examine oil exposure. This study measured multiple PAH biomarkers including hepatic activity of the PAH detoxification enzymes cytochrome P4501a1 (CYP1A) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as biliary PAH metabolites in deep sea sharks and bony fishes from areas affected by the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Samples were collected from 2011-2013 from seven species of sharks, with special focus on the four most abundant deep sea species: Centrophorus niakang, Centrophorus cf granulosus, Squalus cubensis and Squalus cf mitsikurii. Overall enzyme activity was low in these sharks, yet it was higher in oiled sites compared to reference locations. Additionally some species showed declining CYP1A activity since the time of the oil spill, suggesting exposure to CYP-inducing compounds during the beginning of the survey period. Last, PAHs of a petrogenic nature were more abundant in oiled sites compared to reference locations. Overall, this project provides the much need biomarker data for sharks as well as insight on exposure and metabolism of PAHs in deep sea sharks after the DWH.
Author: Madison Richards Schwaab
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fishes
Languages : en
Pages : 61
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Book Description
Fisheries populations and their ecosystems are negatively impacted by both chronic and acute inputs of pollutants, including oil spills such as the Deepwater Horizon platform blowout in 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). After Deepwater Horizon, toxicological studies of demersal fishes of the northern GoM were undertaken to characterize impacts and to establish baseline contaminant levels in the aftermath of the spill. In this study, I quantify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in eight pelagic fish species to demonstrate oil exposure differences between species, region and time. Analysis of biliary PAH metabolite equivalents using high performance liquid chromatography was used to estimate short-term and acute exposure in pelagic fishes (n = 102). Hepatic PAH concentrations of 19 parental PAHs and their alkylated homologs in pelagic liver samples (n = 142) were quantified using QuEChERS extractions and GC/MS/MS to quantify long-term and chronic exposure. The hepatic ∑46PAH (sum of 46 parental and homolog PAH compounds) concentration ranges quantified for all species and regions (21.2 to 468 ng g-1 wet weight) are within the range found previously in the GoM region for demersal and reef fishes. Biliary PAH equivalent ∑3FAC concentrations (fluorescent aromatic compounds of three PAH indicators) ranged from 4,400 to 1,400,000 ng FAC g-1 bile, which were also within the same range as demersal and reef species in this region. However, mean biliary PAH concentrations measured in Yellowfin Tuna (855 μg FAC g-1) from the north central GoM were more than three times higher than Golden Tilefish (263 μg FAC g-1) and 20 times higher than Yellowedge Grouper (Hyporthodus flavolimbatus, 41 μg FAC g-1) collected in the same region. Significant negative relationships between PAH concentrations, biometrics (e.g. fish length), and putative indices of fish health including Fulton’s condition factor and the hepatosomatic index were identified for multiple species. Intraspecies and regional differences were also identified for Greater Amberjack, Seriola dumerili, and Yellowfin Tuna, Thunnus albacares, suggesting variation in PAH sources across region. Produced waters from oil and gas platform discharges among other sources including riverine input, atmospheric deposition, burning of fossil fuels, resuspension of contaminated sediments, and chronically leaking wells are likely contributing to regional differences within species. Furthermore, the high levels of PAH exposure in pelagic species compared to demersal and reef species, indicated by biliary fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs), warrants further investigation to identify the prominent source of surface water PAHs and the specific physiological species differences that govern the observed high rates of exposure and metabolic clearance for species such as the Yellowfin Tuna.
Author: Daniela M. Pampanin
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
ISBN: 1681084279
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 245
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Book Description
Although a lot is known about the influence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the marine environment, there are still many unanswered questions. Petrogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment is a monograph that sums up basic knowledge about this topic while highlighting current research practices useful in studying the aquatic environment. It starts with an introduction to effect of PAH in the marine environment. It then proceeds to provide information on techniques to monitor PAH levels and investigate the affected environment in order to control the subsequent negative effects. Chapters also detail the carcinogenic and endocrine effects of PAHs on fish as well as the degradation of PAHs by microorganisms. This monograph is a useful reference for environmental science students and professionals learning about the role of PAH in the marine environment.
Author: Ronald Eisler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Animals
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Author: Cynthia Marie Erickson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Author: M. F. Kirby
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biochemical markers
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pollutants
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Daehee Kang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 492
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