Plant-level, Spatial, Bioeconomic Models of Plant Disease Diffusion and Control PDF Download
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Author: Shady Atallah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
This dissertation addresses a family of agricultural and resource problems that emerge when biophysical and economic systems are endogenously linked over space and time. In particular, we study the spatial-dynamic bioeconomics of the grapevine leafroll disease (GLRD) which threatens the economic sustainability of the grape and wine industry. The first essay of the dissertation relies on a survey with vineyard managers in the Finger Lakes region of New York to assess the economic cost of the grapevine leafroll disease and identify optimal nonspatial disease control strategies under an array of bioeconomic parameters. The second essay employs cellular automata to model the disease spatial-dynamic diffusion for individual plants in a vineyard, evaluate nonspatial and spatial control strategies, and rank them based on vineyard expected net present values. Nonspatial strategies consist of removing and replacing symptomatic grapevines. In spatial strategies, symptomatic vines are removed and replaced, and their nonsymptomatic neighbors are virus-tested, then removed and replaced if the test is positive. We find that the nonspatial strategies currently recommended to the industry are not cost-effective under model baseline parameters. In contrast, we find that spatial strategies targeting immediate neighbors of symptomatic vines increase the vineyard expected net present value by 18-19% relative to the strategy of no disease control. In the third essay, we model spatialdynamic, negative externalities generated by a plant-level disease diffusion process between two ecologically connected but independently managed, heterogonous vineyards. One vineyard produces high-value wine grapes whereas the other produces low-value wine grapes. We embed the computational model in a bargaining game between neighboring managers. We find that, under noncooperative management, it is optimal for neither manager to control the disease. Under cooperative management, we find it optimal for the high-value manager to spatially control the disease and to pay the low-value manager to do similarly. The cooperative solution increases total payoffs by 20%. Using mean-preserving price expansions and contractions, we show that total payoff decreases with the magnitude of the price differential between the neighboring vineyards up to a point where cooperation becomes Pareto-optimal and the relationship between heterogeneity and total payoff becomes U-shaped.
Author: Shady Atallah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
This dissertation addresses a family of agricultural and resource problems that emerge when biophysical and economic systems are endogenously linked over space and time. In particular, we study the spatial-dynamic bioeconomics of the grapevine leafroll disease (GLRD) which threatens the economic sustainability of the grape and wine industry. The first essay of the dissertation relies on a survey with vineyard managers in the Finger Lakes region of New York to assess the economic cost of the grapevine leafroll disease and identify optimal nonspatial disease control strategies under an array of bioeconomic parameters. The second essay employs cellular automata to model the disease spatial-dynamic diffusion for individual plants in a vineyard, evaluate nonspatial and spatial control strategies, and rank them based on vineyard expected net present values. Nonspatial strategies consist of removing and replacing symptomatic grapevines. In spatial strategies, symptomatic vines are removed and replaced, and their nonsymptomatic neighbors are virus-tested, then removed and replaced if the test is positive. We find that the nonspatial strategies currently recommended to the industry are not cost-effective under model baseline parameters. In contrast, we find that spatial strategies targeting immediate neighbors of symptomatic vines increase the vineyard expected net present value by 18-19% relative to the strategy of no disease control. In the third essay, we model spatialdynamic, negative externalities generated by a plant-level disease diffusion process between two ecologically connected but independently managed, heterogonous vineyards. One vineyard produces high-value wine grapes whereas the other produces low-value wine grapes. We embed the computational model in a bargaining game between neighboring managers. We find that, under noncooperative management, it is optimal for neither manager to control the disease. Under cooperative management, we find it optimal for the high-value manager to spatially control the disease and to pay the low-value manager to do similarly. The cooperative solution increases total payoffs by 20%. Using mean-preserving price expansions and contractions, we show that total payoff decreases with the magnitude of the price differential between the neighboring vineyards up to a point where cooperation becomes Pareto-optimal and the relationship between heterogeneity and total payoff becomes U-shaped.
Author: shady atallah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Grapevine leafroll disease threatens the economic sustainability of the grape and wine industry in the United States and around the world. This viral disease reduces yield, delays fruit ripening, and affects wine quality. Although there is new information on the disease spatial-dynamic diffusion, little is known about profit-maximizing control strategies. Using cellular automata, we model the disease spatial-dynamic diffusion for individual plants in a vineyard, evaluate nonspatial and spatial control strategies, and rank them based on vineyard expected net present values. Nonspatial strategies consist of roguing and replacing symptomatic grapevines. In spatial strategies, symptomatic vines are rogued and replaced, and their nonsymptomatic neighbors are virus-tested, then rogued and replaced if the test is positive. Both nonspatial and spatial classes of strategies are formulated and examined with and without considering vine age. We find that spatial strategies targeting immediate neighbors of symptomatic vines dominate nonspatial strategies, increasing the vineyard expected net present value by 18% to 19% relative to the strategy of no disease control. We also find that age-structured disease control is preferred to non-age-structured control but only for nonspatial strategies. Sensitivity analyses show that disease eradication is possible if either the disease transmission rate or the virus undetectability period is substantially reduced.
Author: Gail L. Cramer
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317225767
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 806
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Book Description
This Handbook offers an up-to-date collection of research on agricultural economics. Drawing together scholarship from experts at the top of their profession and from around the world, this collection provides new insights into the area of agricultural economics. The Routledge Handbook of Agricultural Economics explores a broad variety of topics including welfare economics, econometrics, agribusiness, and consumer economics. This wide range reflects the way in which agricultural economics encompasses a large sector of any economy, and the chapters present both an introduction to the subjects as well as the methodology, statistical background, and operations research techniques needed to solve practical economic problems. In addition, food economics is given a special focus in the Handbook due to the recent emphasis on health and feeding the world population a quality diet. Furthermore, through examining these diverse topics, the authors seek to provide some indication of the direction of research in these areas and where future research endeavors may be productive. Acting as a comprehensive, up-to-date, and definitive work of reference, this Handbook will be of use to researchers, faculty, and graduate students looking to deepen their understanding of agricultural economics, agribusiness, and applied economics, and the interrelationship of those areas.
Author: Wolfram Schlenker
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022661980X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
Agricultural yields have increased steadily in the last half century, particularly since the Green Revolution. At the same time, inflation-adjusted agricultural commodity prices have been trending downward as increases in supply outpace the growth of demand. Recent severe weather events, biofuel mandates, and a switch toward a more meat-heavy diet in emerging economies have nevertheless boosted commodity prices. Whether this is a temporary jump or the beginning of a longer-term trend is an open question. Agricultural Productivity and Producer Behavior examines the factors contributing to the remarkably steady increase in global yields and assesses whether yield growth can continue. This research also considers whether agricultural productivity growth has been, and will be, associated with significant environmental externalities. Among the topics studied are genetically modified crops; changing climatic factors; farm production responses to government regulations including crop insurance, transport subsidies, and electricity subsidies for groundwater extraction; and the role of specific farm practices such as crop diversification, disease management, and water-saving methods. This research provides new evidence that technological as well as policy choices influence agricultural productivity.
Author: Baozhong Meng
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319577069
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 688
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Book Description
The domestication of grapes dates back five thousand years ago and has spread to nearly all continents. In recent years, grape acreage has increased dramatically in new regions, including the United States of America, Chile, Asia (China and India), and Turkey. A major limiting factor to the sustained production of premium grapes and wines is infections by viruses. The advent of powerful molecular and metagenomics technologies, such as molecular cloning and next generation sequencing, allowed the discovery of new viruses from grapes. To date, grapevine is susceptible to 64 viruses that belong to highly diverse taxonomic groups. The most damaging diseases include: (1) infectious degeneration; (2) leafroll disease complex; and (3) rugose wood complex. Recently, two new disease syndromes have been recognized: Syrah decline and red blotch. Losses due to fanleaf degeneration are estimated at $1 billion annually in France alone. Other diseases including leafroll, rugose wood, Syrah de cline and red blotch can result in total crop loss several years post-infection. This situation is further exacerbated by mixed infections with multiple viruses and other biotic as well as adverse abiotic environmental conditions, such as drought and winter damage, causing even greater destruction. The book builds upon the last handbook (written over twenty years ago) on the part of diagnostics and extensively expands its scope by inclusion of molecular biology aspects of select viruses that are widespread and economically most important. This includes most current information on the biology, transmission, genome replication, transcription, subcellular localization, as well as virus-host interactions. It also touches on several novel areas of scientific inquiry. It also contains suggested directions for future research in the field of grapevine virology.
Author: Management Association, Information Resources
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1522570349
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1759
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Book Description
Environmental information and systems play a major role in environmental decision making. As such, it is vital to understand the impact that they have on different aspects of sustainable environmental management, as well as to understand the opportunism they might present for further improvement. Environmental Information Systems: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications is an innovative reference source containing the latest research on the use of information systems to track and organize environmental data for use in an overall environmental management system. Highlighting a range of topics such as environmental analysis, remote sensing, and geographic information science, this multi-volume book is designed for engineers, data scientists, practitioners, academicians, and researchers interested in all aspects of environmental information systems.
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080466370
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Book Description
Published since 1953, Advances in Virus Research covers a diverse range of in-depth reviews providing a valuable overview of the current field of virology. In 2004, the Institute for Scientific Information released figures showing that the series has an Impact Factor of 2.576, with a half-life of 7.1 years, placing it 11th in the highly competitive category of Virology.* Edited by an experienced plant pathologist who has over 50 years experience in plant virus epidemiology* Covers topics such as Evolutionary epidemiology of plant virus disease, The control of tropical plant virus diseases, and Control of plant virus diseases* A valuable resource for students and researchers alike
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9781009157971
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 755
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Book Description
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Author: Therese M. Poland
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030453677
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 455
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Book Description
This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.
Author: National Intelligence Council
Publisher: Cosimo Reports
ISBN: 9781646794973
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
