Physiology and Genetics of Drought Tolerance in Cowpea and Winter Wheat PDF Download
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Author: David Adrian Verbree
Publisher:
ISBN:
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Languages : en
Pages :
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In the wake of rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and declining ground water table, breeding for drought tolerance in food crops has become a top priority throughout the world. Phenotyping a large population of breeding lines for drought tolerance is time-consuming and often unreliable due to multiple possible mechanisms involved. In cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), a box-screening method has been used to partition the confounding effects that shoot and root traits have on drought tolerance by restricting root growth and providing a homogeneous soil moisture environment across genotypes. Nonetheless, multiple mechanisms of shoot drought tolerance have been reported which further complicate phenotyping. In winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), canopy temperature depression (CTD) has been proposed as a good indicator of drought tolerance. The recent development of low-cost thermal imaging devices could enable high-throughput phenotyping of canopy temperature. While CTD can be an indicator of overall plant water status, it can be confounded by high stomatal resistance, which is another seemingly contradictory mechanism of drought tolerance. The objectives of this study were to explore the physiological basis and genetics of the two mechanisms of shoot drought tolerance previously reported in cowpea and to develop and evaluate a method of high-throughput phenotyping of drought tolerance in winter wheat using thermal imaging. In cowpea, a legume well known for its tight stomatal control, no differences in gas exchange between drought tolerant and susceptible genotypes were observed. A unifoliate stay-green trait was discovered that segregates as a single recessive gene. However, it did not correlate with trifoliate necrosis or overall drought tolerance. In winter wheat, CTD did not always correlate with yield under rainfed conditions. One drought-tolerant cultivar, in particular, had the hottest canopy temperature, possibly because it was able to conserve moisture by closing its stomata whereas another closely related drought-tolerant cultivar had the coolest canopy temperature. Therefore, it appears that no single method of phenotyping for drought tolerance can be broadly applied across all genotypes of a given species due to possible contrasting mechanisms of drought-tolerance and environmental differences. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152439
Author: David Adrian Verbree
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
In the wake of rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and declining ground water table, breeding for drought tolerance in food crops has become a top priority throughout the world. Phenotyping a large population of breeding lines for drought tolerance is time-consuming and often unreliable due to multiple possible mechanisms involved. In cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), a box-screening method has been used to partition the confounding effects that shoot and root traits have on drought tolerance by restricting root growth and providing a homogeneous soil moisture environment across genotypes. Nonetheless, multiple mechanisms of shoot drought tolerance have been reported which further complicate phenotyping. In winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), canopy temperature depression (CTD) has been proposed as a good indicator of drought tolerance. The recent development of low-cost thermal imaging devices could enable high-throughput phenotyping of canopy temperature. While CTD can be an indicator of overall plant water status, it can be confounded by high stomatal resistance, which is another seemingly contradictory mechanism of drought tolerance. The objectives of this study were to explore the physiological basis and genetics of the two mechanisms of shoot drought tolerance previously reported in cowpea and to develop and evaluate a method of high-throughput phenotyping of drought tolerance in winter wheat using thermal imaging. In cowpea, a legume well known for its tight stomatal control, no differences in gas exchange between drought tolerant and susceptible genotypes were observed. A unifoliate stay-green trait was discovered that segregates as a single recessive gene. However, it did not correlate with trifoliate necrosis or overall drought tolerance. In winter wheat, CTD did not always correlate with yield under rainfed conditions. One drought-tolerant cultivar, in particular, had the hottest canopy temperature, possibly because it was able to conserve moisture by closing its stomata whereas another closely related drought-tolerant cultivar had the coolest canopy temperature. Therefore, it appears that no single method of phenotyping for drought tolerance can be broadly applied across all genotypes of a given species due to possible contrasting mechanisms of drought-tolerance and environmental differences. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152439
Author: Sanatu Alidu Mustapha
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659441455
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
The book provides a reader with relevant information on Cowpea research and in particular the genetics of grain and vegetative biomass yields under well-watered and drought stress conditions during the vegetative phase of cowpea, establishing the yield penalty associated with vegetative-stage drought in cowpea in the parental lines and their F1 hybrids, in relation to hybrid vigour for drought tolerance and to identify the cowpea genotype with the highest tolerance to vegetative-stage drought among a set of nine genotypes reputed for drought tolerance. The book is relevant for Lecturers, Students, Researchers in the field of Crop Sciences and in particular Plant Breeding and Genetics. For readers who are interested in the use of molecular biology tools for crop improvement, genetic basis of the physiological mechanisms adapting field crops to stress factors, genotype x environment interaction in crop plants, methodologies in field crop improvement, multi-environment evaluation of field crops, field trial methodology, student training etc, this is a book of relevance and you should not miss it.
Author: J Morgan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 6
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Author: Qasim A. Khan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plants
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Author: Errol Garth Rhoden
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Author: Harry Mussell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 536
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Book Description
Organization and conduct of plant stress research to increase agricultural productivity. Disease tolerance: reducing the impact of disease-induced stress on crop yields. Thigmomorphogenesis: the effect of mechanical pertubation on the growth of plants, with special reference to anatomical changes, the role of ethylene, and interaction with other environmental stresses. Differential aluminum tolerance in crop plants. Comparative responses of field grown crops to phosphate concentrations in soil solutions. Production of food plants in areas supplied with highy saline water: problems and prospects. Salt resistance in agricultural crops. Effects of freezing and cold acclimation on membrane structure and function. Cold resistance and injury in winter cereals. Strategies for altering chilling sensitivity as a limiting factor in crop production. Frost hardiness: a discussion of possible molecular causes of injury with particular reference to deep supercooling of water. Breeding potatoes for tolerance to stress: heat and frost. Selecting for drought and heat resistance in grain sorghum. Drought stress of cowpea and soybean under tropical conditions. Effects of water and heat stress on carbon metabolism of plants with C3 and C4 photosynthesis. Air pollution stress. Drought resistance and adaptation to water deficits in crop plants. Drought resistance in cereals - rice: a case study. Stomatal behavior and breeding fro drought resistance. Genetic improvement of drought resistance in crop plants: a case for sorghum. Testing and selecting for drought resistance in wheat. Growth and development of chickpeas under progressive moisture stress.
Author: Muhammad Aslam
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319254421
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 79
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Book Description
This book focuses on early germination, one of maize germplasm most important strategies for adapting to drought-induced stress. Some genotypes have the ability to adapt by either reducing water losses or by increasing water uptake. Drought tolerance is also an adaptive strategy that enables crop plants to maintain their normal physiological processes and deliver higher economical yield despite drought stress. Several processes are involved in conferring drought tolerance in maize: the accumulation of osmolytes or antioxidants, plant growth regulators, stress proteins and water channel proteins, transcription factors and signal transduction pathways. Drought is one of the most detrimental forms of abiotic stress around the world and seriously limits the productivity of agricultural crops. Maize, one of the leading cereal crops in the world, is sensitive to drought stress. Maize harvests are affected by drought stress at different growth stages in different regions. Numerous events in the life of maize crops can be affected by drought stress: germination potential, seedling growth, seedling stand establishment, overall growth and development, pollen and silk development, anthesis silking interval, pollination, and embryo, endosperm and kernel development. Though every maize genotype has the ability to avoid or withstand drought stress, there is a concrete need to improve the level of adaptability to drought stress to address the global issue of food security. The most common biological strategies for improving drought stress resistance include screening available maize germplasm for drought tolerance, conventional breeding strategies, and marker-assisted and genomic-assisted breeding and development of transgenic maize. As a comprehensive understanding of the effects of drought stress, adaptive strategies and potential breeding tools is the prerequisite for any sound breeding plan, this brief addresses these aspects.
Author: E. Belhassen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401712999
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
As drought tolerance is a multidirnensional stress, drought tolerance study is a multidisciplinary adventure. In 1992, the network INTERDROUGHT was created with the objective of joining the scientists of the different fields of research involved in drought tolerance study. The network was funded by the EEC and gathered 25 European teams specialized in molecular biology, physiology and geneties. 1\vo workshops were successively organized in 1993 in Sitges (Spain) and in 1994 in Ischia (Italy). After those two European workshops, the necessity of opening the network to the whole scientific community was already clear, and in 1995 the first INTERDROUGHT international conference was held in Montpellier (France). During this meeting, eleven speakers were invited to present a review in their field of research, in a way accessible to all researchers and students, especially those who are not familiar wlth one of the three fields of interest. These eleven reviews are presented in this book. From these reviews three major difficulties arose for drought tolerance irnprovement: - the definition of the drought stress that plants experience; -the differentiation between non adaptive and adaptive response to drought stress; -the identification of the adaptive responses that improved drought yield without decreasing significantly the potential yield. The use of integrated strategies of research will certainly provide irnportant results, such as the recent data obtained on molecular and physiologieal analysis of Arabidopsis mutants.
Author: Yadgar Ali Mahmood Roghzai
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Kyle J. Shroyer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Drought and high temperature are major detriments to global wheat production. Wheat varies in its susceptibility to drought and high temperature stress. Three experiments were performed to address the challenges of drought and high temperature stress in wheat. The first experiment consisted of 256 genotypes of spring wheat and 301 genotypes of winter wheat, field screened for yield traits related to drought tolerance, in irrigated and dryland experiments. The experimental designs for the first experiment were both augmented incomplete block designs with one-way or row-column blocking. This experiment was performed at the Ashland Bottom Research Farm, south of Manhattan, KS, between 2011-2013. From this experiment, three conclusions were made: wheat genotypes vary widely in their responses between dryland and irrigated treatments and this variation can be used in future experiments or breeding tolerant genotypes. The number of seeds per unit of area, total biomass per unit area, and the average weight of one thousand seeds, were the best yield traits for predicting yield in both irrigated and dryland environments. Twenty genotypes were selected for future research based on their susceptibility or tolerance to drought. The second experiment was performed in the greenhouse facilities to observe the source-sink relationship of spring wheat genotype Seri 82 under drought and defoliation. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with a split-plot treatment arrangement. Post-anthesis cessation of watering and defoliation were the treatments. Both water stress and defoliation affected seed yield and total biomass. The major effect of post-anthesis water stress was a decrease in single seed weight. Defoliation affected the source-sink relationship by reducing the source strength of the leaves. This caused the stem to contribute more to overall yield. The defoliation also caused the remaining leaves to compensate for the removed leaves. The final experiment evaluated the changes in seed-filling rate and duration of three winter wheat genotypes during high temperature stress. High temperature stress reduced the duration of seed fill and increased the rate, differently in each genotype. Higher yields in the winter wheat growing regions, susceptible to post-anthesis high temperature stress, may be possible through selection of cultivars with faster seed-filling rates and/or duration of seed filling.
