Physiological Studies of Nodulation in Soybeans (Glycine Max (L.) Merr.) with Emphasis on the Non-nodulating (rj1) Character PDF Download
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Author: David Lewis Eskew
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Author: David Lewis Eskew
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Author: Myeong-Je Cho
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Isoflavonoids (daidzein, genistein, and coumestrol) are known to be inducers of nod genes in Bradyrhizobium japonicum. This study evaluated the effect of inoculation and nitrogen on isoflavonoid concentration in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) root extracts from selected hypernodulating mutants (NOD1-3, NOD2-4, and NOD3-7), a nonnodulating mutant (NN5), and the Williams parent. There were no significant differences in isoflavonoid concentrations of root extracts among lines when plants were not inoculated, while all mutants had higher isoflavonoid concentrations at 12 days after inoculation than did the Williams control when plants were inoculated. Nitrogen (urea, (NH$sb4)sb2$SO$sb4$, and NO$sb3sp-$) application markedly decreased isoflavonoid concentrations in all soybean lines, with NO$sb3sp-$ being most inhibitory. Split-root studies with both Williams and NOD1-3 showed that root isoflavonoid concentration and nodule number, weight, and nitrogenase activity were markedly suppressed on the root-half receiving 5 mM NO$sb3sp-$, compared with the other root-half receiving 0 mM NO$sb3sp-$. Grafting studies between NOD1-3 and Williams showed that NOD1-3 shoots induced hypernodulation on roots of both Williams and NOD1-3 while Williams shoots induced normal nodulation on root stocks of both lines. Shoot control of hypernodulation in grafted plants was possibly due to NOD1-3 shoots inducing markedly higher root isoflavonoid concentrations than Williams shoots. Grafting confirmed that the nonnodulating phenotype of the NN5 mutant was strictly root controlled. Root medium application of ABA resulted in a decrease of nodulation in both Williams and NOD1-3, which may be causally related to the decrease root isoflavonoid concentrations. Isoflavonoid application into root medium enhanced nodulation in both Williams and NOD1-3, but it failed to induce nodulation on the NN5 nonnodulating mutant. This indicates that the nonnodulating phenotype is totally unrelated to isoflavonoids. The results shown here can be interpreted as evidence for involvement of isoflavonoids in nodulation control and support the previous conclusions of (1) greater nodulation capabilities of hypernodulating mutants than the Williams parent, (2) N inhibition of nodulation and N$sb2$ fixation, (3) more marked inhibitory effect of NO$sb3sp-$ than of urea on nodulation, (4) shoot control of hypernodulation phenotype, and (5) ABA inhibition of nodulation. The lack of any difference in nodulation and isoflavonoid concentration of a hypernodulating mutant and Williams in early stages after inoculation indicated that the role of isoflavonoids in differential nodulation, if any, was on advanced stages of nodule ontogeny rather than on initial infection stages.
Author: Owen Van Cauwenberghe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nitrogenase
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Author: Takuji Ohyama
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781606928561
Category : Nitrogen
Languages : en
Pages : 131
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In the first part, the authors introduce the progress of researches on nitrogen metabolism of soybean nodules and roots. They investigate the fate of nitrogen fixed in soybean nodules by tracer experiment with 15N2 gas. The results indicate that major part of fixed N in bacteroids (a symbiotic state of rhizobia) is excreted rapidly to cytosol of infected cells in the form of ammonia, then the ammonia is assimilated into amino acids via GS/GOGAT pathway. Then the fixed nitrogen is assimilated into ureides, allantoin and allantoic acid, and then transported to the shoots via xylem. A small portion of fixed N was assimilated in the bacteroids directly into glutamate and alanine. On the other hand, nitrate absorbed from the roots are mainly assimilated into asparagine. The characteristics of nitrate absorption and metabolism was studied. It is well known that nitrate is a potent inhibitor to nodulation and nitrogen fixation, although the inhibitory mechanism is not fully understood. The authors recently found that nitrate depresses individual nodule growth and nitrogen fixation activity rapidly and reversibly when nodules were in direct contact with nitrate. The indirect effects of nitrate on nodule growth and nitrogen fixation activity were different among treatment concentration and period of supply. The continuous supply of low levels of nitrate from the lower part of roots promoted the nodulation and nitrogen fixation of the upper part of the roots. Hypernodulation mutant lines of soybean were isolated which have profuse nodulation compared with parents. They also exhibit partial-nitrate tolerant to nodulation. The characteristics of hypernodulation mutant lines were studied in relation to nitrate inhibition. The results suggest that lower nitrate absorption and assimilation activity in hypernodulation mutants may be one reason to milder inhibition by nitrate on hypernodulation mutant lines.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 1086
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Vols. for 1973- include the following subject areas: Biological sciences, Agriculture, Chemistry, Environmental sciences, Health sciences, Engineering, Mathematics and statistics, Earth sciences, Physics, Education, Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, History, Law & political science, Business & economics, Geography & regional planning, Language & literature, Fine arts, Library & information science, Mass communications, Music, Philosophy and Religion.
![Nodulation Studies of Soybeans [Glycine Max (L) Merrill Var. Wayne] I. Interaction of Selected Pesticides and Rhizobium Japonicum in Pure Culture and Under Field Condition and II. Inoculation Rate Study PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/4ewCOAAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Donald L. Rouwenhorst
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Author: Steven Jay Crafts-Brandner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Author: Lingxiao Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is one of the most important economic crops in the United States, especially in the midwest area such as Illinois. This thesis research involved studies of photoperiod effects on soybean growth and development especially focused on flowering in relating to physiology, phenology, morphology, as well as modeling from three years (1992-1994) of field and controlled experiments. These studies indicated that photoperiod affected soybean growth and development in all stages after emergence, including floral bud induction and initiation, floral bud growth and development, flowering period, pod set and seed filling. However, the rate or effectiveness of photoperiod on plant growth was not the same during the various phases. Influence on early developmental stages, especially before floral bud initiation, was more significant on flowering time and later reproductive growth. Photoperiod controlled plant morphology and vegetative growth and both were closely associated with soybean flowering behavior. Early and late maturity groups responded to photoperiod treatments differently. Later maturity groups showed more sensitivity (or more significant effects) to photoperiod. In order to gain higher yields, soybean seeds should be planted early (no later than early June) in central Illinois area in order to get sufficient plant size and enough duration time for prolonged seed filling period before a killing frost. A model, using 'STELLA' software, was also developed for predicting timing of soybean flowering based on maturity groups behavior and the date of seedling emergence. The model predicted time of flowering well, but can still be improved.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 1080
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 638
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