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Author: Norlaila Mok
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 63
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Book Description
The photocatalytic degradation of an oily wastewater over titanium dioxide, TiO2 suspensions was investigated. The study focused on the effects of various operating parameters on the treatment efficiency which include catalyst concentration load, irradiation time and reaction temperature. Catalyst concentration load was studied in the range 0.5-2.5 g/L, irradiation time between 0-150 min and the reaction temperature in the range 30-60 oC. The regression and graphical analysis with statistical significance for this researched were done using Design Expert 7 software. In order to visualize the relationship between the experimental variables and responses, the response surface was generated from the model. Treatment efficiency, which was expressed in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), generally increased with decreasing initial COD. Higher treatment efficiency involved the increasing of irradiation time with temperature. The percent of degradation nearly achieved 51% depending on the conditions employed. The optimum conditions for this research work can be acquired at catalyst concentration of 0.5 g/L while the effect of temperature and reaction time were conducted at 60 oC and 150 min respectively.
Author: Norlaila Mok
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 63
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Book Description
The photocatalytic degradation of an oily wastewater over titanium dioxide, TiO2 suspensions was investigated. The study focused on the effects of various operating parameters on the treatment efficiency which include catalyst concentration load, irradiation time and reaction temperature. Catalyst concentration load was studied in the range 0.5-2.5 g/L, irradiation time between 0-150 min and the reaction temperature in the range 30-60 oC. The regression and graphical analysis with statistical significance for this researched were done using Design Expert 7 software. In order to visualize the relationship between the experimental variables and responses, the response surface was generated from the model. Treatment efficiency, which was expressed in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), generally increased with decreasing initial COD. Higher treatment efficiency involved the increasing of irradiation time with temperature. The percent of degradation nearly achieved 51% depending on the conditions employed. The optimum conditions for this research work can be acquired at catalyst concentration of 0.5 g/L while the effect of temperature and reaction time were conducted at 60 oC and 150 min respectively.
Author: Elvis Fosso-Kankeu
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119631440
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
Photocatalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment comprehensively covers a range of topics aiming to promote the implementation of photocatalysis at large scale through provision of facile and green methods for catalysts synthesis and elucidation of pollutants degradation mechanisms. This book is divided into two main parts namely “Synthesis of effective photocatalysts” (Part I) and “Mechanisms of the photocatalytic degradation of various pollutants” (Part II). The first part focuses on the exploration of various strategies to synthesize sustainable and effective photocatalysts. The second part of the book provides an insights into the photocatalytic degradation mechanisms and pathways under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation, as well as the challenges faced by this technology and its future prospects.
Author: Angelo Basile
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323985424
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 527
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Book Description
Advanced Technologies in Wastewater Treatment: Oily Wastewaters focuses on characteristics and innovative treatment technologies of oily wastewater from various resources. Primary and physical treatment methods such as absorption, adsorption, followed by common techniques like coagulation and fluctuation are discussed in detail. Applications of other advanced methods for the treatment of oily wastewaters like utilization of membranes and stripping gases are covered as well. Finally, novel technologies applied in purification of oily wastewaters such as photocatalytic degradation and biological processes are reviewed and future outlooks and prospects are also illustrated. - Introduces the characteristics of oily wastewaters from various sources - Includes primary and physical treatment techniques applied on oily wastewaters such as settlement, absorption, and adsorption - Describes advanced oily wastewater treatment technologies such as coagulation, fluctuation, and membrane - Explains novel processes for oily wastewater treatment such as biological processes and photocatalytic degradation
Author: Ali Moslehyani
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 175
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Book Description
Author: Martin M. Halmann
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849324598
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
Photodegradation of Water Pollutants, the only complete survey available of current photocatalytic methods for treating water pollutants, covers all aspects of light-stimulated detoxification. Ideal for researchers and students, this new book explains methods for pollution treatment that have proven more effective than conventional biodegradation. Photodegradation of Water Pollutants examines advanced oxidation processes that have been successful in treating the chemical substances produced by industrial effluents and intensive agriculture. These oxidation processes include irradiation with ultraviolet or visible light, the use of homogenous sensitizers, such as dyes, and the use of heterogeneous photocatalysts, such as dispersed semiconductors. In addition, Photodegradation of Water Pollutants addresses the naturally occurring self-cleaning of some pollutants in sunlit surface waters, as well as several alternative non-photochemical approaches to water treatment. Available treatment options are discussed for the main groups of water pollutants, including toxic inorganic ions (cyanides, heavy metals), hydrocarbon derivatives (oil spills, surfactants, pulp and paper wastes), halocarbons, organo-N, organo-P, and organo-S compounds. The text also contains a unique section on the economics of advanced oxidation pollution treatments.
Author: Martin M. Halmann
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1040286240
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 319
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Book Description
Photodegradation of Water Pollutants, the only complete survey available of current photocatalytic methods for treating water pollutants, covers all aspects of light-stimulated detoxification. Ideal for researchers and students, this new book explains methods for pollution treatment that have proven more effective than conventional biodegradation. Photodegradation of Water Pollutants examines advanced oxidation processes that have been successful in treating the chemical substances produced by industrial effluents and intensive agriculture. These oxidation processes include irradiation with ultraviolet or visible light, the use of homogenous sensitizers, such as dyes, and the use of heterogeneous photocatalysts, such as dispersed semiconductors. In addition, Photodegradation of Water Pollutants addresses the naturally occurring self-cleaning of some pollutants in sunlit surface waters, as well as several alternative non-photochemical approaches to water treatment. Available treatment options are discussed for the main groups of water pollutants, including toxic inorganic ions (cyanides, heavy metals), hydrocarbon derivatives (oil spills, surfactants, pulp and paper wastes), halocarbons, organo-N, organo-P, and organo-S compounds. The text also contains a unique section on the economics of advanced oxidation pollution treatments.
Author: Inamuddin
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303054723X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 443
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Book Description
In the context of climate change and fossil fuel pollution, solar energy appears as a cheap and sustainable fuel for many environmental applications, yet the efficiency of techniques has to be improved. This book reviews recent methods and applications of photocatalysis for the treatment of wastewater containing bacteria, heavy metals, organic pollutants, dyes and tannery effluents. Basics of water pollution, polluted river ecosystems and membranes are also detailed.
Author: Bo Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The growing amount and environmental impact of offshore oily wastewater especially offshore produced water (OPW) have drawn significant attention in recent years. The petroleum hydrocarbons in wastewater can have severe negative effects in a long term on coastal and marine ecosystems if without sufficient treatment before discharge. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as a representative of dissolved chemical compounds or environmental pollutants in oily wastewater have been a major issue of marine environments due to their carcinogenic or mutagenic, toxic, persistent and bio-accumulative properties. To reduce the negative impact of produced water to the marine ecosystem, it is required to remove all toxicants especially PAHs before discharge. Various challenges have been identified in implementing conventional technologies (e.g., physical separation, chemical oxidation and biological remediation) for treating the dissolved organic pollutants (e.g., PAHs). Therefore, the research and development of more effective technologies to address these concerns are much desired. Photocatalysis generates powerful oxidative radicals which can rapidly mineralize organics especially aromatic compounds, offering a great potential use in removing PAHs from oily wastewater. However, the photocatalytic degradation of organics can be dramatically inhibited by the complex matrix of OPW. Limited in-depth studies were reported on the behaviors and interactions of different components in produced water during photocatalysis. The mechanisms of the interferences are of utmost importance to the development of highly efficiency treatment technologies. The generation of intermediates caused by the complex matrix and inhibited treatment process could further lead to the increase in the toxicity of treated effluent to the marine ecosystem, and consequently reduce its potential in natural attenuation. In addressing these challenges and fulfill the knowledge gaps, this research is focused on the evaluation of the key factors and the mechanisms of OPW matrix in photocatalysis, and the development of enhanced photocatalytic oxidation processes to aid the OPW treatment, thus can achieve both high efficiency in removal of PAHs, and low toxicity and high biodegradability of the effluent. The matrix effect was first investigated in a suspensive photocatalytic oxidation system, in which the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were used. It is indicated that the degradation of PAHs was inhibited by the impurities in OPW matrix in many ways: the alkaline-earth cations caused the flocculation of the particle; the insoluble particulate matters competed with PAHs in the adsorption on TiO2; the competition and the fouling effect of other dissolved organic matters were deteriorating the process. To enhance the treatment process, immobilized TiO2 was used instead and it was compared with the TiO2 nano-particles. Improvements were found in both naphthalene adsorption and degradation in the immobilized photocatalytic oxidation system, indicating immobilized TiO2 was more efficient and durable than TiO2 nanoparticles in oily wastewater treatment. The competition of hydrocarbons especially phenols played a key role in the degradation of PAHs. The fouling on the catalyst surface was verified by the scaling of alkaline-earth metals and the deposition of organic matters. Further improvement was aimed at developing a novel UV-light-emitted diode (UV-LED)/TiO2 nanotube array (TNA)/ozonation process for treating OPW. The involvement of ozone was to reduce the competition of other organics and enhance the degradation efficiency. The TNA with hollow 1-D tubular nano-structures was applied because of the combined advantage of nano-particle and immobilization, as well as high quantum yield. UV-LED has the advantage of high energy efficiency and long-life time. In the integrated system, the removal of PAHs can be achieved within 30-min treatment with the half-lives reduced to less than 10 mins. Factorial analysis demonstrates that the best dose of TNA is 0.2 g/L. Light intensity affects the generation of iodine radicals, which is a strong scavenger of ozone thus reduces the efficiency of PAHs removal. Ozone dose is a dominated factor that promotes the degradation. Further results indicate that the degradation of phenols and PAHs with higher solubility favors to undergo to ozone-inducted oxidation, while PAHs with lower solubility are more likely oxidized on the catalyst surface. The toxicity and biodegradability of OPW treated by photocatalytic oxidation were investigated during and after the treatment. Studies on the intermediates formed during the photocatalytic ozonation treatment in the presence of halogen ions reveal the mechanism and various reaction pathways of aromatic compounds. Iodization and bromination were the dominant interfering reactions in sequential stages. Two multivariable regression models were developed to quantify the contributions of key toxicants (e.g., total PAHs, total phenols, dibromo-pentane and bromoform) to the acute toxicity of OPW during the treatment processes. It was observed that by removing the total PAHs and total phenols, the acute toxicity was increased from 3% to 57%, and the biodegradability (BOD28/COD ratio) was doubled more than 80% by the integrated UV-LED/TNA/ozonation process. Further, the biodegradation rate of bromoform was much faster than those of phenols, indicating that the proposed technology features high efficiency and has low impact on marine environment. In this research, I have investigated the matrix effect of OPW on photocatalysis and the impacts to the suspended and immobilized TiO2. A novel integrated UV-LED/TNA/ozonation process was developed to treat OPW. The efficiency of the process, the effects of operational parameters, the intermediates and degradation pathways, and their contribution to the acute toxicity and biodegradability of treated effluent were investigated. The scientific contributions of the research are: 1) revealing and summarizing the key mechanisms of OPW matrix and their key effects on photocatalysis, 2) understanding the interactions of OPW composition with catalyst surface, 3) fulfilling the knowledge gaps on the removal of PAHs from OPW by the UV-A (365 nm) photocatalytic ozonation process, including the interactive mechanisms of the adsorption and photocatalytic oxidation, the behaviors of halogenic ions, and the effects of the operational factors, 4) proposing the altered photodegradation pathways of aromatic organic matter in the presence of halogen ions, and 5) proposing toxicity contribution models targeted on the most toxic compounds in OPW with/without photocatalytic ozonation. The findings of this thesis work also help 1) develop a better strategy to countermeasure the difficulties in the application of photocatalytic oxidation for treating OPW, 2) develop an advanced alternative option for the OPW management, and 3) monitor the composition and toxicity changes during the process and hence the production of by-products in the OPW treatment practice.
Author: Shahryar Jafarinejad
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 0128094982
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Book Description
Petroleum Waste Treatment and Pollution Control combines state-of-the-art and traditional treatment and control methods for removing, controlling, and treating problems, such as groundwater contamination, aromatics, oil, grease, organic removal, and VOCs. The book is divided into seven chapters, with the first briefly introducing readers to the petroleum industry. The second and third chapters explain wastes in the petroleum industry and focus on its environmental impact, its regulations, and protection options. Chapters four, five, and six discuss the treatment of air emissions, oily wastewater, solid wastes, and disposal methods.. The final chapter provides remediation processes. - Presents the latest methods for treating, controlling, and eliminating pollutants from air, water, and land that are a byproduct of petroleum industry operations - Covers the environmental impact of the petroleum industry and its regulations, explaining protection options - Includes treatment methods for both air, water, and solid waste disposal - Discusses remediation processes, including natural processes, pump and treat, soil flushing, soil vapor extraction (SVE), bioremediation, and excavation
Author: Ravindra Kumar Gautam
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 0128047410
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
Nanomaterials for Wastewater Remediation introduces techniques for nanoparticle formation and their benefits in environmental cleanup, as well as their recent advances and applications in wastewater treatment. The book follows a sequential approach for the treatment of wastewater, presenting state-of-the-art techniques for the characterization and measurement of nanomaterials. Nanoparticles represent a promising new technology for wastewater remediation, not only because of their high treatment efficiency, but also for their cost effectiveness, as they have the flexibility for in situ and ex situ applications. New methods for developing nanomaterials with less environmental risk are described. Nanomaterials such as magnetic nanoparticles and graphene-based nanocomposites are discussed in detail. Also includes in-depth analyses of the ecotoxicological impacts of nanomaterials and the latest findings on the transport and fate of nanomaterials in the environment. - Covers methods for the characterization of nanomaterials using advanced instrumental techniques - Includes innovative methods for developing new nanomaterials while lessening their environmental risk - Provides the latest methods for determining the transport and fate of nanomaterials in the environment - Discusses in detail nanomaterials such as magnetic nanoparticles and graphene-based nanocomposites
