Author: Radwa Elsalamony
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659549106
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
There we will focus on the water pollution which is an important problem. This work aims to study the photocatalytic degradation of chlorophenols. They belong to a notable group of pollutants because of their high toxicity, and hardly biodegradable, and are difficult to remove from the environment. Photocatalytic degradation of chlorophenols using UV light was investigated over mesoporous catalysts. Ti-MCM-41(20), Ti-MCM-41(10), TiO2/MCM-41, Fe-Ti-MCM-41, TiO2/Fe-MCM-41 and TiO2/SBA-15 catalysts were prepared from the corresponding metal salts by the sol-gel technique. The catalyst were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR spectroscopes, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and BET surface areas of the samples were determined using the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms. 100 ppm was used as model pollutants. High purity 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol solutions individually and 0.1 g/L of each catalyst was tested at different irradiation times. At each interval time 10 ml of irradiated solution was taken and analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Ion Chromatography (IC). Aromatic interme
Author: Shinoka Fujita
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
Author: Inamuddin
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303054723X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 443
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Book Description
In the context of climate change and fossil fuel pollution, solar energy appears as a cheap and sustainable fuel for many environmental applications, yet the efficiency of techniques has to be improved. This book reviews recent methods and applications of photocatalysis for the treatment of wastewater containing bacteria, heavy metals, organic pollutants, dyes and tannery effluents. Basics of water pollution, polluted river ecosystems and membranes are also detailed.
Author: Martin M. Halmann
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849324598
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
Photodegradation of Water Pollutants, the only complete survey available of current photocatalytic methods for treating water pollutants, covers all aspects of light-stimulated detoxification. Ideal for researchers and students, this new book explains methods for pollution treatment that have proven more effective than conventional biodegradation. Photodegradation of Water Pollutants examines advanced oxidation processes that have been successful in treating the chemical substances produced by industrial effluents and intensive agriculture. These oxidation processes include irradiation with ultraviolet or visible light, the use of homogenous sensitizers, such as dyes, and the use of heterogeneous photocatalysts, such as dispersed semiconductors. In addition, Photodegradation of Water Pollutants addresses the naturally occurring self-cleaning of some pollutants in sunlit surface waters, as well as several alternative non-photochemical approaches to water treatment. Available treatment options are discussed for the main groups of water pollutants, including toxic inorganic ions (cyanides, heavy metals), hydrocarbon derivatives (oil spills, surfactants, pulp and paper wastes), halocarbons, organo-N, organo-P, and organo-S compounds. The text also contains a unique section on the economics of advanced oxidation pollution treatments.
Author: Michael Kenneth Levy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chlorophenols
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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Book Description
Author: Martin M. Halmann
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1040286240
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 319
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Book Description
Photodegradation of Water Pollutants, the only complete survey available of current photocatalytic methods for treating water pollutants, covers all aspects of light-stimulated detoxification. Ideal for researchers and students, this new book explains methods for pollution treatment that have proven more effective than conventional biodegradation. Photodegradation of Water Pollutants examines advanced oxidation processes that have been successful in treating the chemical substances produced by industrial effluents and intensive agriculture. These oxidation processes include irradiation with ultraviolet or visible light, the use of homogenous sensitizers, such as dyes, and the use of heterogeneous photocatalysts, such as dispersed semiconductors. In addition, Photodegradation of Water Pollutants addresses the naturally occurring self-cleaning of some pollutants in sunlit surface waters, as well as several alternative non-photochemical approaches to water treatment. Available treatment options are discussed for the main groups of water pollutants, including toxic inorganic ions (cyanides, heavy metals), hydrocarbon derivatives (oil spills, surfactants, pulp and paper wastes), halocarbons, organo-N, organo-P, and organo-S compounds. The text also contains a unique section on the economics of advanced oxidation pollution treatments.
Author: Laurence Timothy Hogg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 151
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Book Description
The photo-activity and specific surface area of a number of potentially-useful photocatalysts has been determined using the liquid phase dehydrogenation of propan-2-ol (activity), and the adsorption of argon gas at 77K (surface area). Degussa P25 titanium dioxide was considered the most active solid on this basis (activity=l23_+5xl0-4mol.g-1h-1, SA 39_+3 m2g-1). The photo-activity of suspended solids was found to be dependent upon the anatase:rutile ratio and the catalyst concentration, but relatively independent of the surface area for structurally different specimens. This has been explained in terms of the absorbance of band-gap radiation by the solid as a function of suspended particulate mass. Experimental evidence regarding the rate of propan-2-ol photo-oxidation under oxygen-purged conditions compared to the observed rate under air, suggests a rate dependence upon the partial pressure of oxygen of P02 1/2 The total photocatalytic mineralisation of aqueous 2-chlorophenol mediated by Degussa P25 TiO2 has been achieved in approximately 5 hours (c0 2CP = 5x10-4M), with an initial zero order rate constant of 1.7x10-4mol.g-1h-1. (6h irradiation period). The kinetics of the reaction are shown to be loosely expressed by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model, but complex kinetics were in evidence under conditions of partial mineralisation, which may be dictated by the solution pH and/or the concentration of intermediate degradation products. A mechanism for the photo-oxidation reaction has also been proposed, based upon experimental evidence involving measurements of pH, conductance, carbon dioxide evolution and GCMS studies, which suggests a complex reaction pathway. The photocatalytic mineralisation of a saturated solution of gamma - hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindane, 7ppm), has been achieved in approximately 2 hours by this method and the mechanistic and kinetic details of this reaction are discussed briefly.
Author: Pierre Pichat
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527645411
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 436
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Book Description
Water is one of the essential resources on our planet. Therefore, fresh water and the recycling of waste-water are very important topics in various areas. Energy-saving green technologies are a demand in this area of research. Photocatalysis comprises a class of reactions which use a catalyst activated by light. These reactions include the decomposition of organic compounds into environmental friendly water and carbon dioxide, leading to interesting properties of surfaces covered with a photocatalyst: they protect e.g. against incrustation of fouling matter, they are self-cleaning, antibacterial and viricidal. Therefore, they are attractive candidates for environmental applications such as water purification and waste-water treatment. This book introduces scientists and engineers to the fundamentals of photocatalysis and enlightens the potentials of photocatalysis to increase water quality. Also, strategies to improve the photocatalytic efficacy are pointed out: synthesis of better photocatalysts, combination of photocatalysis with other technologies, and the proper design of photocatalytic reactors. Implementation of applications and a chapter on design approaches for photocatalytic reactors round off the book. 'Photocatalysis and Water Purification' is part of the series on Materials for Sustainable Energy and Development edited by Prof. G.Q. Max Lu. The series covers advances in materials science and innovation for renewable energy, clean use of fossil energy, and greenhouse gas mitigation and associated environmental technologies.
Author: Marcos Soto-Hernández
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535129570
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 458
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Book Description
Phenolic compounds as a large class of metabolites found in plants have attracted attention since long time ago due to their properties and the hope that they will show beneficial health effects when taken as dietary supplements. This book presents the state of the art of some of the natural sources of phenolic compounds, for example, medicinal plants, grapes or blue maize, as well as the modern methods of extraction, quantification, and identification, and there is a special section discussing the treatment, removal, and degradation of phenols, an important issue in those phenols derived from the pharmaceutical or petrochemical industries.
Author: M. Schiavello
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
Photocatalysis is a reaction which is accelerated by light while a heterogeneous reaction consists of two phases ( a solid and a liquid for example). Heterogeneous Photocatalysis is a fast developing science which to date has not been fully detailed in a monograph. This title discusses the basic principles of heterogeneous photocatalysis and describes the bulk and surface properties of semiconductors. Applications of various types of photoreactions are described and the problems related to the modeling and design of photoreactors are covered.
