Phenomenology Research Using Past Nevada Test Site Explosion and Earthquake Data PDF Download
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Languages : en
Pages : 5
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We use regional waveform data from the Nevada Test Site (NTS) to investigate phenomenological relationships between recorded amplitude and explosion yield as well as test regional depth estimation procedures. Our goal is to better understand the performance of seismic observables in other regions of monitoring interest, especially at small magnitudes (mb much less than 4.5). Some of the topics we are studying include: stable yield estimation, depth estimation, and Ms:mb performance. We use Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's NTS explosion database, which consists of several hundred events ranging from approx. 200- to approx. 1500-m depth and yields ranging from a few tenths of a kiloton to the megaton range. In addition to the broadband explosion data, we have a large dataset of well-located earthquakes on the test site with depths ranging from 2 to 17 km and magnitudes ranging between MW 1.5 and 5.7. For yield estimation the relation between teleseismic body wave magnitude (mb) and nuclear explosion yield has been studied extensively over the past several decades for a number of test sites for large (greater than 1 kt) explosions. In this paper we will look at broadband coda, Pg, and Lg from over 260 nuclear explosions to study yield estimation capability by comparing F-factors. For monitoring compliance with a CTBT, small events that are recorded only at regional distances will be used to estimate magnitude and equivalent yield. Past coda studies show that coda-derived magnitudes of earthquakes and explosions are more stable than any direct phase method, including mb(Lg). In fact, single-station coda measurements can be equivalent to a network average of at least ten direct phase measurements over a broad range of frequencies.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Book Description
We use regional waveform data from the Nevada Test Site (NTS) to investigate phenomenological relationships between recorded amplitude and explosion yield as well as test regional depth estimation procedures. Our goal is to better understand the performance of seismic observables in other regions of monitoring interest, especially at small magnitudes (mb much less than 4.5). Some of the topics we are studying include: stable yield estimation, depth estimation, and Ms:mb performance. We use Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's NTS explosion database, which consists of several hundred events ranging from approx. 200- to approx. 1500-m depth and yields ranging from a few tenths of a kiloton to the megaton range. In addition to the broadband explosion data, we have a large dataset of well-located earthquakes on the test site with depths ranging from 2 to 17 km and magnitudes ranging between MW 1.5 and 5.7. For yield estimation the relation between teleseismic body wave magnitude (mb) and nuclear explosion yield has been studied extensively over the past several decades for a number of test sites for large (greater than 1 kt) explosions. In this paper we will look at broadband coda, Pg, and Lg from over 260 nuclear explosions to study yield estimation capability by comparing F-factors. For monitoring compliance with a CTBT, small events that are recorded only at regional distances will be used to estimate magnitude and equivalent yield. Past coda studies show that coda-derived magnitudes of earthquakes and explosions are more stable than any direct phase method, including mb(Lg). In fact, single-station coda measurements can be equivalent to a network average of at least ten direct phase measurements over a broad range of frequencies.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Between 2001-2004 the Las Vegas Seismic Response Project has sought to understand the response of Las Vegas Valley (LVV) to seismic excitation. In this study, the author report the findings of this project with an emphasis on ground motions in LVV from nuclear explosions at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). These ground motions are used to understand building structural response and damage as well as human perception. Historical nuclear explosion observations are augmented with earthquake recordings from a temporary deployment of seismometers to improve spatial coverage of LVV. The nuclear explosions were conducted between 1968 and 1989 and were recorded at various sites within Las Vegas. The data from past nuclear tests were used to constrain ground motions in LVV and to gain a predictive capability of ground motions for possible future nuclear tests at NTS. Analysis of ground motion data includes peak ground motions (accelerations and velocities) and amplification of basin sites relative to hard rock sites (site response). Site response was measured with the Standard Spectral Ratios (SSR) technique relative to hard rock reference sites on the periphery of LVV. The site response curves indicate a strong basin amplification of up to a factor of ten at frequencies between 0.5-2 Hz. Amplifications are strongest in the central and northern portions of LVV, where the basin is deeper than 1 km based on the reported basin depths of Langenheim et al (2001a). They found a strong correlation between amplification and basin depth and shallow shear wave velocities. Amplification below 1 Hz is strongly controlled by slowness-averaged shear velocities to depths of 30 and 100 meters. Depth averaged shear velocities to 10 meters has modest control of amplifications between 1-3 Hz. Modeling reveals that low velocity material in the shallow layers (
Author: J. R. Murphy
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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The principal objectives of the research reported here are to identify any diagnostic differences between regional seismic phases produced by earthquakes and underground nuclear explosions and to assess their applicability to events occurring in various regions of the U.S.S.R. Two approaches are used: one employs traditional time-domain amplitude and period measurements to compare the relative excitation of various regional phases for earthquakes and explosions, while the second focuses on more sophisticated measurement or processing techniques such as spectral ratios or narrow-band filtering to extract information about frequency differences in the signals generated by the two types of events. The research reported here was directed at identification of discriminants based on measurements of seismic phases at regional distances from a well-controlled set of Western U.S. explosions and nearby earthquakes. The set includes more than 50 Nevada Test Site events (explosions and nearby earthquakes) recorded at the Tonto Forest Observatory in Arizona. The investigation included spectral analyses of the short-period regional phases, Pn, Pg, and Lg which follows-up a previously reported study of time-domain characteristics of these phases. In addition, the current study includes an analysis of the time-domain characteristics of the long-period data from the Nevada Test Site event set, with particular emphasis on the potential applicability of the Ms/mb discriminant to the identification of small events (mb
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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As part of a larger effort to develop technology for on-site inspection of ambiguous underground seismic events, we have been working to identify phenomenology of aftershock seismicity which would be useful for discriminating between nuclear explosions, chemical explosions, earthquakes or other seismic events. Phenomenology we have investigated includes; the spatial distribution of aftershocks, the number of aftershocks as a function of time after the main event, the size of the aftershocks, and waveform frequency content. Our major conclusions are: (1) Depending on local geologic conditions, aftershock production rate two weeks after zero time ranges from 1 to 100 per day. (2) Aftershocks of concentrated chemical explosions such as the NPE are indistinguishable from aftershocks of nuclear explosions. (3) Earthquake and explosion aftershock sequences may be differentiated on the basis of depth, magnitude, and in some cases, frequency content of seismic signals.
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Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 508
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Author: William A. Peppin
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 29
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Broadband data (.02 to 20 Hz) from the University of California Lawrence Livermore Laboratory four-station seismic array, deployed at close range (less than 500 km) azimuthally about Nevada Test Site (NTS), allow investigation of the body wave-surface wave discriminant between explosion and earthquakes for small events confined to NTS, extending previous results to magnitudes around 3.5. It is found that natural earthquakes, explosion collapses, and explosion aftershocks all are distinct from explosions, and that the populations do not seem to converge at the low magnitudes. Also, for explosions, there is no change in the slope of the Pn versus Rayleigh wave amplitude relation over more than three orders of magnitude. Since the non-explosion events are shallow, of low magnitude, and of different source types, differences in source dimension, focal depth, and focal mechanism appear inadequate to explain the discriminant at small magnitudes (Author).
Author: United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
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Category : Energy conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 1324
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Author:
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Category : Nuclear energy
Languages : en
Pages : 1292
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Author: So Gu Kim
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN: 1527547876
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 531
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This book discusses three major physical phenomena for active source seismology, namely underwater explosions, underground nuclear explosions, and large-scale on-surface chemical explosions. In particular, contributors consider how to use the technologies and applications in active source seismology and seismo-acoustics, rather than the theoretical approach for the resolution of the forensic explosion seismology in the light of an application for defense sciences. The volume also presents seismological investigations of discrimination between earthquakes and man-made explosions.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Nuclear explosions
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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