Phase II: Understanding Factors Related to Prostate, Lung, and Colorectal Screening Among African American Men PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Phase II: Understanding Factors Related to Prostate, Lung, and Colorectal Screening Among African American Men PDF full book. Access full book title Phase II: Understanding Factors Related to Prostate, Lung, and Colorectal Screening Among African American Men by . Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
The study aims were to: (1) use a randomized trial to evaluate an ongoing innovative intervention designed to facilitate screening adherence among African American men aged 55(+) years in the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial and (2) develop a survey to assess perceptions of cancer screening among African American men. No statistically significant differences were found in age, education or income between the intervention (n=301) and control (n=300) groups. A total of 9,949 calls have been made to intervention group participants to address competing needs preventing screening adherence. Survey items found through a literature search were placed into the Preventive Health Model framework. Two focus groups were held to evaluate the developing survey. Focus group results show cognitive/psychological factors of fear and anxiety regarding cancer diagnosis and lack of knowledge about screening tests and benefits. Wives and children were cited as the most important social support and influence persons affecting screening behavior. Programmatic/systemic screening-related factors included a trusted health care provider and health insurance. A final survey was developed. Abstracts were submitted for presentation at two national meetings. Study findings could help African American men benefit from participation in prostate cancer research.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
The study aims were to: (1) use a randomized trial to evaluate an ongoing innovative intervention designed to facilitate screening adherence among African American men aged 55(+) years in the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial and (2) develop a survey to assess perceptions of cancer screening among African American men. No statistically significant differences were found in age, education or income between the intervention (n=301) and control (n=300) groups. A total of 9,949 calls have been made to intervention group participants to address competing needs preventing screening adherence. Survey items found through a literature search were placed into the Preventive Health Model framework. Two focus groups were held to evaluate the developing survey. Focus group results show cognitive/psychological factors of fear and anxiety regarding cancer diagnosis and lack of knowledge about screening tests and benefits. Wives and children were cited as the most important social support and influence persons affecting screening behavior. Programmatic/systemic screening-related factors included a trusted health care provider and health insurance. A final survey was developed. Abstracts were submitted for presentation at two national meetings. Study findings could help African American men benefit from participation in prostate cancer research.
Author: Charles Ray Rogers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 223
Get Book Here
Book Description
Of cancers affecting both men and women, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cancer to kill African Americans in the U.S. Compared to White men, African-American men have CRC incidence and mortality rates 20% and 45% higher, respectively. Owing to CRC's high incidence and younger age at presentation among African-American men, CRC screening (CRCS) is warranted at age 45 rather than 50. Yet, most studies have focused on men older than 45. The findings of these studies suggest that CRC survival is inversely related to early detection, and advocate the continued need for development, testing, and translating prevention interventions into increase screening behavior. Hence, the two-fold purpose of this study was to (1) conduct a systematic review of the professional literature to assess African-American men's knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors regarding CRCS; and (2) assess the knowledge, attitudes, male role norms, perceptions of subjective norms, and perceptions of barriers associated with CRCS among young adult African-American men (ages 19-45) employing survey research methodology. Utilizing Garrard's Matrix Method, the systematic literature review synthesized 28 studies examining African-American men's knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors regarding CRCS. Six factors emerged as associated with CRCS intentions and behaviors: previous CRCS, CRC test preference, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, CRC/CRCS knowledge, and physician support/recommendation. In addition, the mean methodological quality score of 10.9 indicated these studies were, overall, of medium quality and suffered from specific flaws. The second component of this study -- an on-line survey questionnaire -- described the male role norms, knowledge, attitudes, perceived subjective norms, and perceived barriers associated with screening for CRC among a non-random sample of 157 young adult African-American men. Ultimately, family history of cancer, work status, and perceived barriers were the critical factors associated with attitudes in all of our models/analyses. Of these, perceived barriers are the only factors amenable to change through health education efforts. Because this study was narrowly-focused on a specific group of African Americans, it provides a solid basis for developing structured health education interventions to increase young adult African-American men's intention to screen for CRC. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151811
Author: Susan Anita Baker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
ABSTRACT: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among African American men, and African American men have the highest incidence of prostate cancer in the world. Limited studies have been conducted that address this critical issue. Existing literature reveals that the primary cause of increased mortality rates of prostate cancer in African American men is lack of participation in prostate cancer screening activities. The purpose of this three-phase study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument to measure prostate cancer screening intention among African American men. Three gender-specific focus groups were conducted in the first phase of the study. Twenty men from two north Florida churches participated in the focus groups. Eight dominant themes emerged from the focus groups and were utilized to develop the items for the intention instrument: fear, healthy lifestyle, hopelessness/helplessness, machismo, mistrust of healthcare providers, social/familial support, job requirements and transportation barriers. The second and third phases of the study consisted of development of the instrument and assessment of the instrument for validity and reliability. The Cancer Screening Intention Scale-Prostate (CSIS-P) consists of 43 items and was developed utilizing the results of the focus groups. The reading level of the CSIS-P was 5.6 utilizing the Flesch-Kincaid index and 7.0 utilizing the SMOG Readability Formula. The CSIS-P was assessed for content validity by a panel of oncology experts. The content validity index for the scale was .90 and internal consistency was found to be .92. The CSIS-P was evaluated for construct validity utilizing factor analysis techniques. Test-retest procedures were also conducted to assess stability of the CSIS-P and the reliability coefficient was .93. Factor analysis techniques demonstrated a three-structure model. The factors that emerged were benefits to prostate cancer screening, barriers to prostate cancer screening, and health promotion. The internal consistency of the three factors were found to be .88, .81, and .86 respectively. Factor analysis procedures reduced the CSIS-P to a 17-item scale. The CSIS-P is a parsimonious, culturally sensitive instrument that is valid and reliable in assessing prostate cancer screening intention. Recommendations for future study of the instrument include replication of the study with a more heterogeneous sample and utilization of the scale with other cancers.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 8
Get Book Here
Book Description
The goal of this project is to better understand the psychosocial and cultural factors affecting prostate cancer screening among African American and White men. It is a community-based participatory research project, which involves participation of local community members through a community steering committee. The first phase of the project was a focus group study (Year 1). The second phase used the focus group results to develop a questionnaire instrument (Year 2), and the third phase is to collect survey data on African American and White men (Years 2-3). The fourth phase is to analyze the survey data, and the final phase is to use the results to develop recommendations for interventions to increase informed decision-making about prostate cancer screening among African American and White men (Year 3). The qualitative data provided by the focus groups was used to develop a structured questionnaire with the input of our Community Steering Committee and research consultants. The questionnaire went through several revisions, was pre-tested and the final draft is under review by the local and DOD human subjects review boards. Upon approval, a multi-stage random sample of 400 males will be surveyed.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309170133
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 564
Get Book Here
Book Description
Cancer ranks second only to heart disease as a leading cause of death in the United States, making it a tremendous burden in years of life lost, patient suffering, and economic costs. Fulfilling the Potential for Cancer Prevention and Early Detection reviews the proof that we can dramatically reduce cancer rates. The National Cancer Policy Board, part of the Institute of Medicine, outlines a national strategy to realize the promise of cancer prevention and early detection, including specific and wide-ranging recommendations. Offering a wealth of information and directly addressing major controversies, the book includes: A detailed look at how significantly cancer could be reduced through lifestyle changes, evaluating approaches used to alter eating, smoking, and exercise habits. An analysis of the intuitive notion that screening for cancer leads to improved health outcomes, including a discussion of screening methods, potential risks, and current recommendations. An examination of cancer prevention and control opportunities in primary health care delivery settings, including a review of interventions aimed at improving provider performance. Reviews of professional education and training programs, research trends and opportunities, and federal programs that support cancer prevention and early detection. This in-depth volume will be of interest to policy analysts, cancer and public health specialists, health care administrators and providers, researchers, insurers, medical journalists, and patient advocates.
Author: Scott M. Dehm
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303032656X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 483
Get Book Here
Book Description
The purpose of this book is to provide a contemporary overview of the causes and consequences of prostate cancer from a cellular and genetic perspective. Written by experts in the fields of epidemiology, toxicology, cell biology, genetics, genomics, cell-cell interactions, cell signaling, hormone signaling, and transcriptional regulation, the text covers aspects of prostate cancer from disease initiation to metastasis. Chapters explore in depth the cells of origin for prostate cancer, its genomic subtypes, neural transcription factors in disease progression, epigenetic regulation of chromatin, and many other topics. This book distinguishes itself from other texts on prostate cancer by its focus on cellular and genetic mechanisms, as opposed to clinical diagnosis and management. As a result, this book will be of broad interest to basic and translational scientists with familiarity of these topics, as well as to trainees at earlier stages of their research careers.
Author: Jack Cuzick
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642451950
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 167
Get Book Here
Book Description
Prostate cancer is by far the most common cancer in men and the second leading cause of death due to cancer. It comprises a mixed group of tumours displaying varying clinical behaviour: while some have a very aggressive course, others are rather indolent. Prevention of prostate cancer and discrimination between aggressive and indolent forms are important clinical goals and the acquisition of significant new evidence on means of achieving these aims makes this book particularly timely. A wide range of topics are covered by leading authorities in the field. The biology and natural history of prostate cancer are reviewed and the role of lifestyle and dietary factors, assessed. Detailed attention is paid to risk prediction biomarkers and to the role of novel high-throughput nucleic acid-based technologies in improving risk prediction and thereby allowing tailored approaches to cancer prevention. Potential means of chemoprevention of prostate cancer are also reviewed in depth, covering the very positive new data on the impact of aspirin as well as evidence regarding 5α-reductase inhibitors, DFMO and lycopene. Guidance is provided on the differentiation of aggressive from indolent disease and the policy and research implications of recent findings are examined. This book will be of interest to both clinicians and researchers.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309071542
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 353
Get Book Here
Book Description
We know more about cancer prevention, detection, and treatment than ever beforeâ€"yet not all segments of the U.S. population have benefited to the fullest extent possible from these advances. Some ethnic minorities experience more cancer than the majority population, and poor peopleâ€"no matter what their ethnicityâ€"often lack access to adequate cancer care. This book provides an authoritative view of cancer as it is experienced by ethnic minorities and the medically underserved. It offers conclusions and recommendations in these areas: Defining and understanding special populations, and improving the collection of cancer-related data. Setting appropriate priorities for and increasing the effectiveness of specific National Institutes of Health (NIH) research programs, to ensure that special populations are represented in clinical trials. Disseminating research results to health professionals serving these populations, with sensitivity to the issues of cancer survivorship. The book provides background data on the nation's struggle against cancer, activities and expenditures of the NIH, and other relevant topics.
Author: Becky Pettit
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN: 1610447786
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 156
Get Book Here
Book Description
For African American men without a high school diploma, being in prison or jail is more common than being employed—a sobering reality that calls into question post-Civil Rights era social gains. Nearly 70 percent of young black men will be imprisoned at some point in their lives, and poor black men with low levels of education make up a disproportionate share of incarcerated Americans. In Invisible Men, sociologist Becky Pettit demonstrates another vexing fact of mass incarceration: most national surveys do not account for prison inmates, a fact that results in a misrepresentation of U.S. political, economic, and social conditions in general and black progress in particular. Invisible Men provides an eye-opening examination of how mass incarceration has concealed decades of racial inequality. Pettit marshals a wealth of evidence correlating the explosion in prison growth with the disappearance of millions of black men into the American penal system. She shows that, because prison inmates are not included in most survey data, statistics that seemed to indicate a narrowing black-white racial gap—on educational attainment, work force participation, and earnings—instead fail to capture persistent racial, economic, and social disadvantage among African Americans. Federal statistical agencies, including the U.S. Census Bureau, collect surprisingly little information about the incarcerated, and inmates are not included in household samples in national surveys. As a result, these men are invisible to most mainstream social institutions, lawmakers, and nearly all social science research that isn't directly related to crime or criminal justice. Since merely being counted poses such a challenge, inmates' lives—including their family background, the communities they come from, or what happens to them after incarceration—are even more rarely examined. And since correctional budgets provide primarily for housing and monitoring inmates, with little left over for job training or rehabilitation, a large population of young men are not only invisible to society while in prison but also ill-equipped to participate upon release. Invisible Men provides a vital reality check for social researchers, lawmakers, and anyone who cares about racial equality. The book shows that more than a half century after the first civil rights legislation, the dismal fact of mass incarceration inflicts widespread and enduring damage by undermining the fair allocation of public resources and political representation, by depriving the children of inmates of their parents' economic and emotional participation, and, ultimately, by concealing African American disadvantage from public view.
Author: Andrew W. Bruce
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447113985
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 363
Get Book Here
Book Description
Carcinoma of the prostate increasingly dominates the attention of urologists for both scientific and clinical reasons. The search for an explanation and the prediction of the variable behaviour of the malignant prostatic cell continues unabated. The search for more precise tumour staging and more effective treatment is equally vigorous. Editors Andrew Bruce and John Trachtenberg have assembled acknowledged leaders in prostate cancer to present those areas of direct interest to the clinician. There are a number of other topics that might have been considered but most of these, such as experimental tumour models or biochemical factors affecting cell growth, still lack immediate application for the clinician. Carcinoma of the prostate continues to have its highest incidence in the western world, and the difference in comparison with the incidence in the Far East appears to be real and not masked by diagnostic or other factors. A number of other epidemiological aspects need careful analysis: Is the incidence increasing? Is the survival improving? Is the prognosis worse in the younger patient? Epidemiological data are easily misused and misinterpreted so that a precise analysis of the known facts makes an important opening chapter to this book.
