Author: Gabriela Hrckova
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3709113253
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 135
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Book Description
The natural world with a large number of terrestrial and marine plants and lower organisms is a great source of bioactive compounds historically used as remedies in various diseases. Within the last decade, such compounds became more attractive targets for pharmacologists and the pharmaceutical industry in drug development projects. This volume presents the pharmacological potential of chemically defined natural compounds obtained from plants, fungi, algae and cyanobacteria with antiparasitic activity, that have been tested against various endo-parasitic protozoan and helminth species. Additionally, the advantages of combined therapy using antiparasitic drugs and natural compounds with selected specific activity are reviewed and explained in the context of host pathology and immunosuppression induced by the parasites. The conclusions of this new book give suggestions for further non-empirical drug development and discuss perspectives of alternative approaches to therapy of parasitic diseases.
Author: Anjan Debnath
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889452484
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 179
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Book Description
One of the top four contributors to the global burden of disease is diarrheal infections. Intestinal parasites are major causes of morbidity and mortality associated with diarrheal diseases in both the developed and developing world. Amebiasis is responsible for 50 million cases of invasive disease and 70,000 deaths annually in the world. Giardiasis has an estimated worldwide prevalence of 280 million cases annually. In developed countries, Giardia lamblia infects about 2% of adults and 6-8% of children. The prevalence of G. lamblia infection is generally higher in developing countries, ranging from 3% to 90%. Furthermore, giardial infections contribute substantially to the 2.5 million annual deaths from diarrheal disease. In Asia, Africa, and Latin America, about 500,000 new giardiasis cases are reported each year. Cryptosporidium accounts for 20% and 9% of diarrheal episodes in children in developing and developed countries, respectively. Infection with Cryptosporidium can be chronic and especially debilitating in immunosuppressed individuals and malnourished children. A recent study to measure disease burden, based on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), found that cryptosporidiosis and amebiasis produce about 10.6 million DALYs. This exceeds the DALYs of any helminth infection currently being targeted by the World Health Organization for preventive chemotherapy. Because of its link with poverty, Giardia and Cryptosporidium were included in the WHO Neglected Diseases Initiative in 2004. E. histolytica, G. lamblia, and C. parvum have been listed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as category B priority biodefense pathogens due to low infectious dose and potential for dissemination through compromised food and water supplies in the United States. Despite the prevalence of amebiasis, giardiasis, and cryptosporidiosis there are no vaccines or prophylactic drugs. The first-line drugs for invasive amebiasis and giardiasis chemotherapy are nitroimidazoles, with the prototype, metronidazole, being the most common drug used worldwide. Metronidazole has been shown to be both mutagenic in a microbiological system and carcinogenic to rodents, and frequently causes gastrointestinal side effects. In spite of the efficacy of nitroimidazole drugs, treatment failures in giardiasis occur in up to 20% of cases. Clinical resistance of G. lamblia to metronidazole is proven and cross resistance is a concern with all commonly used antigiardial drugs. Nitazoxanide, the only FDA-approved drug for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis, is effective in the treatment of immunocompetent patients and partially effective for immunosuppressed patients. Therefore, it is critical to search for more effective drugs to treat amebiasis, giardiasis, and cryptosporidiosis. This Research Topic for Frontiers in Microbiology will explore the recent progress in drug development for parasitic diarrheal diseases. This includes an understanding of drug resistance mechanisms. We would also welcome submissions on the drug development for other diarrheal parasites. We hope that this research topic will include a comprehensive survey of various attempts by the parasitology research community to create effective drugs for these diseases.
Author: Rashika El Ridi
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535109421
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Book Description
Reports on schistosomiasis epidemiology and clinical features in Africa and Brazil, and development of novel drugs that affect the worm tegument, and vaccine based on excretory-secretory products and Type 2 cytokines.
Author: Lyndy J. McGaw
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303032270X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 437
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Book Description
The importance of a complementary approach to animal health is highlighted in this book, with core themes encompassing reviews of traditional veterinary medicine for common diseases afflicting livestock, as well as local practices in different areas of the world. The book includes chapters on ethnoveterinary medicine used to prevent and treat ticks and tick-borne diseases, infectious diseases and parasites. Ethnoveterinary practices in parts of the world which have not been comprehensively reviewed before are highlighted, including Estonia, Belarus and the Maghreb - the north-western tip of Africa. A fascinating account of African ethnoveterinary medicine and traditional husbandry practices is provided by a veteran in the field with a wealth of practical experience in the area. Neglected areas of research involve the relationship of ethnoveterinary medicine with environmental, ethical, cultural and gender aspects, and leading experts explore these issues. The book is intended to provide an informative compilation of current research and future prospects in ethnoveterinary medicine, which hopes to inform and encourage investigations in new directions. Sustainable development requires a concerted effort to combine indigenous knowledge systems with scientific research to improve animal health. This is the case not only in rural areas where access to orthodox veterinary health care may be limited, but also against the backdrop of antibiotic resistance and increased demand for alternative and complementary therapies to enhance the health of both production and companion animals. Students, academics and veterinary professionals will find this book a useful addition to knowledge on present and future aspects of ethnoveterinary research.
Author: Pravin Kendrekar
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527830596
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
Drug Development for Malaria Provides readers with first-hand advice for the development of novel antimalarial drugs This book provides a systematic overview of antimalarial drug development and presents a wealth of data and insight from drug developers across three continents, including many from countries where the disease is endemic. Throughout, the contributions have been written with the drug developer in mind, highlighting challenges but also opportunities for the successful development of effective antimalarial drugs. Case studies and method-oriented chapters provide an abundance of practical first-hand advice on how to successfully develop an antimalarial drug. Key topics covered in the book include: The performance of current drugs and therapies, the influence of formulation and targeted delivery, and strategies to overcome drug resistance. Technologies and approaches for development of novel drugs, such as assays, computer-aided drug design, known and potential drug targets, and natural sources for novel antimalarial compounds Vaccination as an alternative to drug therapy For chemists and other professionals working in industries related to medicine and pharmaceuticals, this book provides a completely comprehensive overview of the current state of novel antimalarial drugs and how they can be developed in an efficient and cost-effective manner.
Author: Roy C. Anderson
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 9780851997865
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 676
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Book Description
This well illustrated book provides an historical and unified overview of a century and a half of research on the development, life cycles, transmission and evolution of the nematodes found in vertebrates throughout the world. This second, expanded edition includes relevant data from some 450 new references that have appeared from 1989 to 1999. The volume includes nematode parasites of humans, domestic animals and wildlife including fish. After an introductory chapter outlining general principles, the author systematically describes the biological characteristics of the 27 superfamilies of nematodes, followed by families, subfamilies, genera and species.
Author: Augustine Amalraj
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1839166223
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 369
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Book Description
Ayurvedic Medicine, or Ayurveda, is a traditional Indian health care system. Research into the medicinal plants utilised in Ayurveda is becoming a global endeavour, and large pharmaceutical companies are investing in novel drug discovery from Ayurvedic sources as a number of clinical studies have demonstrated efficacy of natural products from Ayurvedic plant extracts against common ailments such as arthritis and diabetes. Ayurvedic medicine and its components have been well described in the past, but this book represents a comprehensive source on the biochemistry and mechanisms of the pharmacological effects of natural products from Ayurvedic sources. This book is a valuable resource for researchers in natural products and alternative sources of bioactive compounds in drug discovery, as well as pharmaceutical experts and those in industry.
Author: Daria Mochly-Rosen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319022016
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
"A lot of hard-won knowledge is laid out here in a brief but informative way. Every topic is well referenced, with citations from both the primary literature and relevant resources from the internet." Review from Nature Chemical Biology Written by the founders of the SPARK program at Stanford University, this book is a practical guide designed for professors, students and clinicians at academic research institutions who are interested in learning more about the drug development process and how to help their discoveries become the novel drugs of the future. Often many potentially transformative basic science discoveries are not pursued because they are deemed ‘too early’ to attract industry interest. There are simple, relatively cost-effective things that academic researchers can do to advance their findings to the point that they can be tested in the clinic or attract more industry interest. Each chapter broadly discusses an important topic in drug development, from preclinical work in assay design through clinical trial design, regulatory issues and marketing assessments. After the practical overview provided here, the reader is encouraged to consult more detailed texts on specific topics of interest. "I would actually welcome it if this book’s intended audience were broadened even more. Younger scientists starting out in the drug industry would benefit from reading it and getting some early exposure to parts of the process that they’ll eventually have to understand. Journalists covering the industry (especially the small startup companies) will find this book a good reality check for many an over-hopeful press release. Even advanced investors who might want to know what really happens in the labs will find information here that might otherwise be difficult to track down in such a concentrated form."
Author: Chittaranjan Kole
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030150623
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
This book focusing on the bitter gourd genome is the first comprehensive compilation of knowledge on the botany, cytogenetical analysis, genetic resources and diversity, traditional breeding, tissue culture and genetic transformation, whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics in the Cucurbitaceae family. It discusses the biochemical profile of the bioactives present in this horticultural crop, used both as a vegetable and as a medicine, and also addresses sex determination in bitter gourd. Written by respected international experts, the book is useful to students, teachers and scientists in academia, as well as seed companies and pharmaceutical industries.
Author: Homer Rahnejat
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1845699939
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1059
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Book Description
Tribology, the science of friction, wear and lubrication, is one of the cornerstones of engineering's quest for efficiency and conservation of resources. Tribology and dynamics of engine and powertrain: fundamentals, applications and future trends provides an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the disciplines of dynamics and tribology using a multi-physics and multi-scale approach to improve automotive engine and powertrain technology.Part one reviews the fundamental aspects of the physics of motion, particularly the multi-body approach to multi-physics, multi-scale problem solving in tribology. Fundamental issues in tribology are then described in detail,from surface phenomena in thin-film tribology, to impact dynamics, fluid film and elastohydrodynamic lubrication means of measurement and evaluation. These chapters provide an understanding of the theoretical foundation for Part II which includes many aspects of the physics of motion at a multitude of interaction scales from large displacement dynamics to noise and vibration tribology, all of which affect engines and powertrains. Many chapters are contributed by well-established practitioners disseminating their valuable knowledge and expertise on specific engine and powertrain sub-systems. These include overviews of engine and powertrain issues, engine bearings, piston systems, valve trains, transmission and many aspects of drivetrain systems. The final part of the book considers the emerging areas of microengines and gears as well as nano-scale surface engineering.With its distinguished editor and international team of academic and industry contributors, Tribology and dynamics of engine and powertrain is a standard work for automotive engineers and all those researching NVH and tribological issues in engineering. - Reviews fundamental aspects of physics in motion, specifically the multi-body approach to multi physics - Describes essential issues in tribology from surface phenomena in thin film tribology to impact dynamics - Examines specific engine and powertrain sub-systems including engine bearings, piston systems and value trains
